First Aid Module 1 PDF

First Aid Module I 5hr training session in person MCQ test , must get 75% of 25...

First Aid Module I 5hr training session in person MCQ test , must get 75% of 25 gs correct Outcomes, Objectives, Explanations We can access this at any time! By the end of this course I will be able to: Be aware of safety in emergency care Feel confident enough to help someone in an emergency Recognise when a patient is suffering a medical emergency and when they need FURTHER assistance beyond first aid. Be able to help somebody who is acutely ill or injured with competence and following a standardised approach. I will know: How to assess a scene and the patient When there is an urgent medical emergency When to call for more qualified medical help How to help in the case of life threatening emergencies How to be an effective team member, assisting more qualified personnel -You should be confident when taking charge but should know when to allow more qualified peers to take over.  Module 1 : CPR + AED CPR stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. If they are not awake or < breathing then they are clinically dead >What we will learn this module Clinical comes from the Greek klinikos which means “by observation” The heart ‘fibrillates’ when there is no organised pumping or contraction. It ‘shivers’ uncontrollably. When this happens there will be no output (blood) and therefore no pulse. Retractors are used to keep a patient’s/animal’s chest cavity open. A probe can be used to start fibrillation in the heart. The heart gets bigger and bigger as fibrillation occurs. Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops. As the heart enlarges, the fibrillation becomes finer and finer and eventually the heart stops beating resulting in a flatline (cardiac arrest). Once the patient flatlines, we have lost our chance to do something about this/ provide care. The reason the heart finally stops beating is because it is not getting enough oxygen and using all of its energy (ATP) and and thus cannot keep beating. It is producing acid as well. The right ventricle enlarges due to the fact that blood is coming in PASSIVELY but is not being transported anywhere  We should always combine HIGH QUALITY CPR with defibrillation there’s always CPR and then defib. We activate our team (the emergency response), why? so they can bring the defibrillator/ advanced resuscitation/ advanced care. Start with immediate CPR- the time to the first compression is a determinant of survival in many studies. It is very important for everyone to have AEDs, as without them CPR during V-Fib is completely useless. 9 Focus the out on of hospital one - -. HAZARDS -Is it safe for me to approach the patient? —Dead heroes save no lives, if not safe STAY AWAY. You just create more work for your colleagues. HELLO -Awake? If they can’t be woken… " Hello ! Are Ok ? " > you A -Breathing normally? Ba —Agonal gasps (example of abnormal breathing) are seen in patients who are dying C If not awake or breathing normally: and are going < through D -Call (Ambulance and AED) cardiac arrest This is all Do 1101min -Compress CPR @ NB! must know off -Defib by heart How to do use the AED w/ CPR: -One person will do CPR while the other attached the AED. -Never stop CPR until help arrives. -AED: Power, Pads, Plug in, Listen to prompts of the machine. -Poised (AHA uses the term ‘hover’)(CLEAR! Wait for the shock), Press shock, (Wait a second) Press the chest. ‘CPR Saves Lives’ is a myth, because you ALSO need an AED for it to work. > Chest fraction compression How much time during the total resuscitation/ CPR time is spent doing compressions. Early CPR makes the V-fib stronger for longer. The earlier the defib, the better. Early defib is within 3 minutes. If you get the defib within 30 seconds, there can be a 97%+ rate of survival. There can be a 100% chance of survival for people with internal defibrillators. Do not need to check for pulse when there is cardiac arrest. They are insensitive and non-specific. You may feel a pulse when there is no pulse or feel no pulse when there is one. All it does is delay CPR. Heart Attack =/= Cardiac Arrest, but it can CAUSE cardiac arrest. If you do mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, a barrier device (shown in pic 2) is used. Pic 2 puts their gloves ABOVE the plastic which is not advised as there may be blood and other things on the gloves, and so you should put your gloves under the plastic to keep them away from your mouth. Lift up the patient’s chin and close their nose under the plastic.  You need to press and release during CPR- do not lean on the patient as you are not allowing the heart to properly fill up. Squish- Release- Fill Patients can also go into cardiac arrest for breathing problems (ie anaphylaxis), not just from fibrillation. CPR can save lives in the case of breathing problems due to the fact that you are delivering oxygen! Every single second counts when it comes to CPR and Defib. Call for help right away if you suspect somebody is having a heart attack. This is because 50%-60% of people who die from a heart attack die within the first hour or two of onset of symptoms. Rather overreact than underreact. If they are unresponsive and not breathing normally, start CPR immediately and get an AED ASAP. -Recognise SCA (Sudden Cardiac Arrest) immediately and activate emergency response (Call 112!). -Immediate CPR and follow with an AED. "" "" " "" " "" " " "" "" " " " " """ etc. Safe for you AND patient. Point at 2 people- it may seem rude but do it so that there is [ can 1112) no confusion. Tell 1 of them to call 112 and the other to fetch the AED.  One mimic is the patient having a seizure- but if they are not awake and not breathing start CPR immediately anyway- sooner rather than later. Compression-only CPR For when you are not willing or able to do mouth-to-mouth without protection. (This is why you should always have a mouth piece or face mask). Only works for 5 about minutes in a patient who had a sudden cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation. DOESN’T WORK IN PATIENTS WHO HAD BREATHING PROBLEMS (asthma attack, choking, etc). Same as normal CPR- Push hard and fast at a rate of 110/min; Allow maximum recoil; Minimal interruptions or delay. If we do 1 attempt and see that the > chest is not rising, DO NOT DO IT AGAIN UNTIL you change something. There may be an obstruction in the airway, tilt the patient’s head back more, maybe seal your mouth more, seal the patient’s nose better. Inflate just until chest rises, don’t overventilate as the excess air will go into the stomach and may cause the patient to regurgitate stomach acid into the lungs.  If you are by yourself and an AED arrives, use the AED immediately. If you have an AED use it instead of doing compressions then do CPR. Coarse V fib - The AED looks at this for us, so we don’t need to Fine know it. When there is V - fib coarse of fine v-fib, it will say shock advised. When there is no v-fib, it will not shock. No V fib -  You will need to stop CPR to allow the AED to read the pulse. > shout CLEAR ! AED times this for you BB > q s < got Put your mouth over the child’s mouth AND nose if they are small enough.  If there is only one person doing the CPR, then do like in pic 1 except the right hand should form a triangle on the mask and the left hand should be like a fist, thumb on mask and the rest of your fingers holding the chin up. If two people, look at pics 2 + 3. Hold your fingers at the angle of the mandible (Jaw thrust manoeuvre). Push down hard for seal, pulling up to open the airway and tilting the head back. We don’t press the soft tissues under the chin as this compresses the tongue and you cannot swallow, you’re obstructing the airway. Lift chin forward so that the tongue follows. Swap every two minutes so that you do not get exhausted and can continue doing CPR.  Choking no Heimlich manoeuvre The CPR will help to dislodge a blockage. After the 30 compressions, but before breaths, look into the patient’s mouth and if you see any obstruction remove it carefully, making sure you do not push the object further down.