Qualitative Research Methods HE201

HE201 Qualitative Research Presented by Moni Methods Sadri About My Experien ces Table of contents 01 02 Data 03 Introduction Overview Collection Data 04 Class 05 Conclusion 06 Analysi...

HE201 Qualitative Research Presented by Moni Methods Sadri About My Experien ces Table of contents 01 02 Data 03 Introduction Overview Collection Data 04 Class 05 Conclusion 06 Analysis Activity and Questions  Overview Quantitative Qualitative Questions Who? Where? When? What? Why? How? answered Participants Large, random sample Small, purposeful sample Un- or semi-structured (i.e. Collection style Structured (i.e. surveys) interviews) Types of Closed-ended (i.e. numeric Open-ended (i.e. short answer) questions scales) Data collected Numeric Textual (words, images, etc.) Goals Test hypothesis Create new theories Qualitative methodologies in Health Sciences Ethnograph Phenomen ology y Investigates Studies people in individuals lives their own and experiences environment(s) Grounded Case Theory Studies Inductive method Examines one that collects and situation in detail analyzes data Study phenomena: central simultaneously concepts Goal of Your Research Exploratory Explanatory - New ideas or research - Test existing hypotheses - Develop new hypotheses - Explore causal relationships - Understand more about your target - Learn more about a previous group phenomena - Open-ended research questions or - Specific research questions or objectives objectives Example: mixed-methods research Qualitative Numerical Short-answer component Survey component Quantitative Order (often) matters! Qualitative Process Theoretic Epistemol Methodol Ontology al ogy ogy paradigm What is the What is i.e. positivism i.e. case studies nature of knowledge? reality? Method s Qualitative Data Collection Observatio Interviews nal Often individual, open- Naturalistic or ended  often the most controlled; covert or common method overt; optional Focus participant involvement Groups Others Larger group of Arts-based participants, more methods, narrative researchers, interactions inquiry, storytelling Example: Photovoice Common Tools Across Methods Transcriptio Rapport Audio/Video Building n Recording Very useful for Transcribing audio to Familiarizing interviews, focus text, collecting notes yourself with your groups, naturalistic participants, studies informed consent  Community-Based Participatory ResearchResearchers (CBPR) Partners and 1 rather than subjects 3 community come to a consensus Community is Work with communities 2 actively involved 4 rather than on throughout them Example: Arts-based CBPR Quantitative vs Qualitative Analysis Types of Reasoning Theory Inductive Deductive Data  Reflexivit y! Critically examining your own thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, etc. and understanding how this can (and does!) impact your research Analytic Frameworks Constant Compariso Content Discourse n Analysis Analysis Used in grounded Categorizing Using linguistics to theory: one round contextual data understand informs the next language Narrative Analysis Others Understanding Hermeneutics, personal stories semiotics, etc. and experiences Similarities Across Methods Iterative processes Levels of Coding Themati Initial Sorting c 1. A priori codes 1. Pattern coding 1. Axial coding 2. Emergent codes 2. Focused coding 2. Themes Example: Thematic Analysis Pantry 1. Collected data: food item i.e. Kraft dinner, penne 2. Codes: types of food i.e. Pasta 3. Themes: recipes i.e. Spaghetti and meatballs Example: My MA Thesis  Class Coding Exercise From the Library for Research Data Management and Reproducibility, New York University Class Coding Exercise: your turn! From the Lives & Legacies Interview Archives, University of Toronto  What were some of your codes? Themes?  Reliability and Quality Assurance Intercoder reliability: multiple coders code the data consistently Intracoder reliability: one coder applies codes consistently Transferab Dependabi Confirmabi Credibility ility lity lity Am I accurately Is this Am I being Am I avoiding reflecting my applicable in consistent and bias, using studied group? other transparent? reflexivity? circumstances? Conclusion and Questions