HDFS 1050 Social Contexts of Development PDF

CONTEXTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BRONFEBRENNER’S ECOLOGICALSYSTEMS THEORY  SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF DEVELOPMENT ¢ Poverty ¢ Ethnicity/Race ¢ Gender ¢ Intersectionality STRENGTHS PERSPECTIVE: (WEICK, RAPP, SULLIVAN, & KISTHARDT, 1989) Recognize that ever...

CONTEXTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BRONFEBRENNER’S ECOLOGICALSYSTEMS THEORY  SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF DEVELOPMENT ¢ Poverty ¢ Ethnicity/Race ¢ Gender ¢ Intersectionality STRENGTHS PERSPECTIVE: (WEICK, RAPP, SULLIVAN, & KISTHARDT, 1989) Recognize that every individual, group, family, and community has strengths and resources Assess and mobilize strengths and resources Realize that while trauma and struggle may be injurious, they may also be sources of challenge and opportunity Engage individuals and communities with a sense of caring and hope WHAT ARE THE PRACTICAL EFFECTS OF POVERTY? Neighborhoods low income, high unemployment, physical structures less maintained, more noise, more danger, higher air and water pollution Schools fewer resources, lower graduation rates, smaller % of students going to college, peer conflict, delinquency Family life parents value conformity, physical punishment, authoritarian parenting, parents less conversational, mental illness more common, family violence more common, less reading, more TV, less social support, more instability POVERTY AFFECTS CHILD DEVELOPMENT ¢ Emotional regulation less developed ¢ Higher physical stress: high blood pressure and stress hormones ¢ More mental and physical health problems ¢ Lower achievement RACIAL BIAS 8 ¢ Implicit versus Explicit Bias ¢ Individual versus Systemic Bias  HOW DO WE FORM IMPLICIT BIAS? Example: 9 Black defendants are more likely than defendants of other races to be shown through a mug shot rather than a personal picture or none at all. Black suspects are twice as likely as white suspects to be shown on camera under police restraint. Chicago Broadcasting Media study  IMPLICIT BIAS In a video game, targets had either a gun or cell 10 phone in their hand. — Students shot Black targets with guns more quickly than white targets with guns. (Correll, Urland and Ito, 2005)  IMPLICIT BIAS (PAYNE, 2001) Participants were shown a picture of a white person, or a Black person followed immediately by a picture of a weapon or a tool. They were asked to 11 identify the object as quickly as possible. Participants more often identified weapons correctly after they saw a Black person, and more accurately identified tools after seeing an image of a white face. They falsely claimed to see a gun more often when the face was a Black person than when it was white. IMPLICIT BIAS 12 ¢ Police officers/ college students more likely to mistakenly shoot (video game) an unarmed Black suspect than unarmed white suspect (Greenwald, 2003; Plant 2005; Correll, 2007)  SYSTEMIC BIAS Racism is the systemic, institutionalized discrimination directed against people of 13 color based on the belief that whiteness is superior. Bias + Power = Racism Examples: ¢ Between 1994-2003: the average prison time for drug crimes grew by 62% of African-American offenders vs. 17% for white offenders ¢ Black persons serve almost same prison time for drug offenses (58.7 mo.) as whites do for violent crime (61.7 mo.) SYSTEMIC RACISM HISTORICAL TRAUMA: MARIA YELLOW HORSE BRAVE HEART