Hazmat Awareness BPOC42_PPT.pdf

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AWARENESS Lt. Les Ward FF, EMT-P, HazMat – Tech, CFI-FIT Fire/Arson Investigations Austin Fire Department WHO IS THIS GUY? WHO IS THIS GUY? HazMat Technician WHO IS THIS GUY? Oct. 2013 – Dec. 2021 WHO IS THIS GUY? 42.0 When given a scenario involving a hazardous situation the stu...

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AWARENESS Lt. Les Ward FF, EMT-P, HazMat – Tech, CFI-FIT Fire/Arson Investigations Austin Fire Department WHO IS THIS GUY? WHO IS THIS GUY? HazMat Technician WHO IS THIS GUY? Oct. 2013 – Dec. 2021 WHO IS THIS GUY? 42.0 When given a scenario involving a hazardous situation the student will be able to:  Safely recognize the immediate hazard.  Effectively perform the first-responder role.  Focus on preservation of life safety. Unit Goal  42.1* Define term “hazardous materials” or HAZMAT Discuss:  42.2* chemical materials.  42.3* biological hazards.  42.4 radioactive materials/nuclear radiation and its types  42.5 explosive materials. Training Objectives  42.6* Define basic toxicology terms.  42.7* Identify common routes of exposure for CBRNE materials.  42.8* Describe the potential effects of a CBRNE incident.  42.9* Describe the basic procedures for safeguarding lives at a CBRNE event using the RAIN acronym. Training Objectives  42.10* Identify sources to obtain on-site information about hazardous materials being transported  42.11 Discuss Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and decontamination.  42.12* Describe the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and your anticipated role in the management matrix.  42.13 Describe the Incident Command System Training Objectives Why should you listen to this? “HazMat is fun!” A survey of 2002–2012 data on acute National Center for Biotechnology Information chemical incidents with injured responders determined firefighters were the most frequently injured group of responders, followed by police officers. Respiratory system problems were the National Center for Biotechnology Information most often reported injury. The respiratory irritants, ammonia, methamphetamine-related chemicals, and carbon monoxide were the chemicals more often associated with injuries. National Center for Biotechnology Information Most of the incidents with responder injuries were caused by human error or equipment failure. National Center for Biotechnology Information Firefighters wore personal protective equipment most frequently and police officers did so rarely. National Center for Biotechnology Information Police officers’ injuries were mostly associated with exposure to ammonia and methamphetamine-related chemicals. National Center for Biotechnology Information Most responders did not receive basic, awareness-level hazardous material training. Anhydrous Ammonia Illinois State Police What is HAZMAT? (Know this) “ Any biological agent and other disease-causing agent which after release into the environment and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or Occupational Safety and assimilation into any person, either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will or may reasonably be Health Administration anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral 29 CFR 1910.120 (a) (3) abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutation, ” physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical deformations in such persons or their offspring… “ (Know this too) …any item or agent (biological, chemical, Institute of Hazardous Materials Management radiological, and/or physical), which has the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment, either by itself or ” through interaction with other factors. (Know this) A guidebook intended for use by f rst responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving hazardous materials/dangerous goods 2020 EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK U.S. Department of Transportation A substance or material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or property when transported in commerce. The term includes hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants, elevated temperature materials, and materials designated as hazardous in the Hazardous Materials Table (see 49 CFR 172.101). A guidebook intended for use by f rst responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving hazardous materials/danger ous goods 2020 EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK “A guidebook intended for use by first responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving dangerous goods and hazardous materials” A guidebook intended for use by f rst responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving hazardous materials/danger ous goods 2020 EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK “A guidebook intended for use by first responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving dangerous goods and hazardous materials” A guidebook intended for use by f rst responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving hazardous materials/dangerous goods 2020 EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK Hazardous Materials Classifications The DOT has defined a system for classifying hazardous materials. A hazard class is a group of hazardous materials that share dangerous characteristics. There are nine hazard classes based on the dangers posed in transportation. Class 1 – Explosives Class 2 - Gases Class 3 - Flammable and Combustible Liquids Hazardous Materials Classifications Class 4 - Flammable Solids Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Class 6 – Poison (Toxic) and Toxic Inhalation Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive Class 8 - Corrosive Class 9 – Miscellaneous They are in the ERG. Hazard Classes & Emergency Response Guide HAZARD CLASS 1 EXPLOSIVES 1.1 - Mass Detonation Hazard 1.2 - Projection Hazard 1.3 - Predominantly a Fire Hazard 1.4 - No Significant Blast Hazard 1.5 - Very Insensitive Blasting Agents 1.6 - Extremely Insensitive Detonating Articles HAZARD CLASS 2 GASES 2.1 - Flammable 2.2 - Non-Flammable 2.3 - Poisonous Gas If I knew then what I know now, this video would never have been taken. I could have died. – Joel Hershberger HAZARD CLASS 3 FLAMMABLE HAZARD CLASS 4 4.1 - Flammable Solids 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible 4.3 - Dangerous When Wet FLAMMABLE HAZARD CLASS 3 HAZARD CLASS 4 HAZARD CLASS 3 HAZARD CLASS 4     HAZARD CLASS 5 OXIDIZERS 5.1 - Oxidizers 5.2 – Organic Peroxides HAZARD CLASS 5 OXIDIZERS A group of chemicals that do not burn on their own, but when in combination with other chemicals may cause them to burn or burn at a higher-than-normal temperature. These chemicals can cause materials that would not ordinarily catch fire to begin to burn readily. HAZARD CLASS 6 POISON 6.1 - Poisonous 6.2 – Infectious Substances TOXIC TOXIC I H “Police officers’ injuries were mostly associated with exposure to ammonia and methamphetamine-related chemicals." GREEN HIGHLIGHTS = TOXIC INHALATION HAZARD TOXIC INHALATION HAZARD HAZARD CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVE HAZARD CLASS 8 CORROSIVE HAZARD CLASS 9 MISCELLANEOUS HAZARD CLASS 8 CORROSIVE Chemical materials that may attack and destroy living tissue (such as skin). Some of these materials may also attack and destroy metals, glass, or plastics through chemical reaction. Please be back and ready to go at the agreed upon time! Weekend at CBRNE  Another way to break down hazard categories is with the acronym CBRNE CBRNE  Chemical  Biological  Radiological  Nuclear  Explosive CBRNE  This term takes the nine hazard classes and breaks them into groupings that are more useful to the first responder.  These definitions purposely do not address the additional hazardous threat caused by human actions, such as; active killer/shooter, suicide bombing or other mass casualty situations caused by human actions. It should by noted that in many of these cases, the response principals addressed here may be successfully applied. CHEMICAL HAZARDS Toxic/Poisonous Substances  Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.  Toxic materials can come in solid, liquid and/or gas states.  The term toxic is synonymous with poisonous. Toxic/Poisonous Substances Examples  TIMs, TICs & Agricultural Chemicals  Ammonia  Chlorine  Sulfuric acid  Pesticides/Insecticides  Fertilizers Toxic/Poisonous Substance Examples  Chemical Warfare Agents  Nerve “blistering” agents  Cyanogenic  “blood” agents Pulmonary “choking” agents Toxic/Poisonous Substance Examples  Other Chemical Agents  Riot  control agents, irritants… Some controlled substances  Fentanyl, cocaine, anesthetics… Toxic/Poisonous Substance Examples  And then there is that one toxin we all know and that many love… Acute vs Chronic Exposure   Acute Exposure  Brief  Short time, high dose event (< 14 days – CDC) Chronic Exposure  Long term/low dose exposure  Continuous  Repeated BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Biological Pathogens Naturally occurring living organisms that cause injury or death to other living organisms Commonly and collectively called germs Biological Pathogens Human Pathogens Bacteria Anthrax [Bacillus anthracis] Plague [Yersinia pestis] Viruses Smallpox [Variola Major] Bird Flu [H5N1] Ebola Coronaviruses Also, parasites, prions, fungi, etc… Biological Pathogens Biological Toxins Ricin, botulinum toxin, etc… Plant and Animal Pathogens  Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)  Exotic Newcastle Disease (END)  Classical Swine Fever (CSF)  Boll Rot of Cotton Without proper infection control procedures, these diseases can impact local, state, and federal agencies due to large financial costs associated with disease control and treatment. Principals of Infection Control  Hand hygiene - Wash your hands often!  Use of PPE  Sharps safety – Don’t get stuck, stabbed or poked!  Environmental cleaning - Gear, workspace, etc…  Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND NUCLEAR RADIATION Ionizing Radiation  Contributes to cellular breakdown  Types:  Alpha particles  Beta particles  Gamma waves  X-Rays  Neutron* Alpha Particles Characteristics  Helium nucleus (pos. charged)  High mass  Low penetration Common Sources  Cancer treatment (Cobalt-60)  Smoke detectors (Americium-241) Beta Particles Characteristics  High energy electron (neg charge)  Low mass  Higher penetration Common Sources  Cancer treatment  Betalights (Tritium) Gamma/X-rays Characteristics  High energy electromagnetic radiation  No mass/all energy  Highest penetration Common Sources  Cancer treatment (gamma)  Medical equipment sterilization  Radiography Neutrons Characteristics  Indirectly ionizing (no charge)  Low mass/very high energy  Penetration varies Common Sources  Nuclear fusion and fission  Particle accelerators EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS Explosives  An explosive is generally a material that burns or decomposes quickly releasing a large amount of heat and gas in a short time resulting in a shock wave.  Primary Explosives vs Secondary (or Tertiary) Explosives  Low Explosives vs High Explosives Common Explosives  Black Powder  PETN  TNT  Dynamite  C4  ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil) BASIC TOXICOLOGY TERMS Toxicology The study of adverse effects of Threshold Limit Value (TLV) The level to which a worker can be Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) Values Exposure that is likely to cause chemicals or physical agents on exposed day after day for a death or immediate or delayed living organisms working lifetime without adverse permanent adverse health effects effects (guideline set by the or prevent escape from such an American Conference of environment (developed by the Governmental Industrial National Institute for Occupational Hygienists/ACGIH) Safety and Health/NIOSH) Toxicology Terminology Lethal Concentration (LC50) The concentration of a chemical in the air that will kill 50% of test subjects. Testing conducted on lab animals at various concentrations. Standard exposure is for 4 hours. Lethal Dose (LD50) Radioactive Exposure The single dose of a chemical that, when administered, will kill 50% of test subjects. May change based on administration style (dermal, oral, etc…) The level of radiation flux to which material or living tissue is exposed Toxicology Terminology A document that contains information on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products. Standardized chemical information Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Terminology Identification Hazard Identification Composition/Information on Ingredients First-aid Measures Fire-fighting Measures Accidental Release Measures Handling and Storage Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Physical and Chemical Properties Stability and Reactivity Toxicological Information Ecological Information Disposal Considerations Transport Information Regulatory Information Other Information Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Terminology Safety Data Sheet ROUTES OF EXPOSURE FOR CBRNE MATERIALS Respirable size range: Routes of Exposure – Inhalation Introduction of a substance to the lung. Molecule/Particle Size CO2 0.00065 microns Oxygen 0.0005 microns Viruses 0.0005-0.3 microns Bacteria 0.3-60 microns Coal dust 1-100 microns Pollens/fertilizers 10-1000 microns Beach sand 100-10000 microns Dry/wet particles that behave like a gas, called aerosols University of Minnesota, Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy Routes of Exposure – Absorption  Skin  Vulnerable to chemical threats; generally resistant to biological threats, except open wounds.  Eyes  Mucous membranes  Nostrils, throat, sinuses, etc… Routes of Exposure – Ingestion  Introduction of substances to the GI tract  Primary   Eating or drinking a contaminated object Secondary  Transferring contaminant to mouth Routes of Exposure – Injection Puncture  Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, etc…  Cut/abrasion  Insect/pest bite  Usually introduces a biological threat POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF A CBRNE INCIDENT (TCOLE) Highway to Hell Health Impacts  Death  Temporary impairment  Permanent disability  Psychological stress  Post Traumatic Stress Disorder West, TX Explosion - Long-term Health Study Property and Environmental Impacts  Damage to potable water sources  Loss of productive lands  Loss/destruction of food products  Inability to occupy or inhabit structures Infrastructure Impacts  Disruption of transportation  Budget and resource strains on government and commercial entities  Service reduction  Overwhelmed health care system Safeguarding Lives Using R.A.I.N. RAIN Principle R - Recognize the presence of a CBRNE threat A - Avoid contamination/exposure to the threat I - Isolate the threat and immediate area N - Notify the appropriate response agency RAIN Principle Recognize the presence of CBRNE threat  Observations (Odor, noise, wind, placards, signs, etc.)  Assessment (Hazard level, casualties, additional resources)  Plan (Response, exit strategy, precautions, etc.)  Communicate (Dispatch, casualties, Good Samaritans, etc.)  Respond (Establish perimeter, first aid, enable ICS, etc.) RAIN Principle Avoid exposure  Uphill & Upwind  Use distance and physical barriers  Remain alert for changes RAIN Principle Isolate  Set a perimeter  Communicate location of the perimeter  Limit spread of contamination when moving contaminated people.  Establish safe travel routes for the public  Enforce perimeter security RAIN Principle Notify the appropriate agency  Stay outside of designated perimeter  Remain upwind  Wait for qualified assistance ON-SITE INFORMATION (TCOLE) Warnings and Indicators  Shipping  Placards  Labels manifests NFPA Diamond - Anhydrous Ammonia? Interviews  Driver/others involved in transport.  Witnesses (may be an unreliable source)  Victims (if able to help) Communications  Texas Law Enforcement Telecommunications Systems (TLETS)  Point-of-origin Air shipper bill, bill of lading, etc… PERSONAL PROTECTION AND DECONTAMINATION PPE Level D Uniform, gloves, mask, etc… Used in a nuisance environment, not a chemical environment PPE Level C Air-purifying respirator, chemical resistant clothing, double layered gloves, boot covers, etc… Moderate skin and respiratory protection PPE Level B Level C with SCBA Moderate skin protection Greatest respiratory protection PPE Level A Greatest skin and respiratory protection New HAZMAT threat Change in quantity of HAZMAT threat Reasons for Changing Level of Personal Protection ID of unknown HAZMAT threat Practical Guidelines for Law Enforcement  Practical decontamination  Hand wipes (antibacterial/antiviral), soap & water etc…  Time, distance, and shielding  Limit times in a HAZMAT zone.  Distance, uphill and upwind.  Physical shielding. Practical Guidelines for Law Enforcement  Recognize PPE limitations, availability and safe use  You should not use any PPE above gloves and particulate/droplet mask except to escape from a hazardous situation or at the direction of Incident Command  Safe donning and doffing of Nitrile gloves and particulate/droplet mask Decontamination Concepts End the exposure!  Remove  Dilute  Absorb  Neutralize  Isolate A guidebook intended for use by f rst responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving hazardous materials/danger ous goods 2020 EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK A few more details and a little review. A guidebook intended for use by f rst responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving hazardous materials/danger ous goods 2020 EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK Yellow Section Materials listed by UN ID No. Blue Section Materials listed by Name Orange Section Action guides & guide 111. A guidebook intended for use by f rst responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving hazar dous materials/danger ous goods 2020 EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Purpose and Directive for NIMS The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is a systematic, proactive approach to guide departments and agencies at all levels of government, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to work together seamlessly and manage incidents involving all threats and hazards— regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity—in order to reduce loss of life, property and harm to the environment. Purpose and Directive for NIMS Purpose/Motivation (FEMA) The NIMS is the essential foundation to the National Preparedness System (NPS) and provides the template for the management of incidents and operations in support of all five National Planning Frameworks. Benefits of NIMS  Unified approach – all responders on the same page  Standardized command structure  Emphasis on preparedness  Mutual aid  Resource management  Flexible and standardized Components of NIMS   Command and Management  Incident Command System driven  Includes Multiagency Coordination System (MACS) Preparedness  Proactive, not reactive  Resource Management  Communications and Information Management  Based on the concepts of interoperability, reliability, scalability, portability, and resiliency and redundancy  Ongoing Maintenance and Management  NIMS Integration Center (NIC)  Supporting Technologies INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM (ICS) WHAT IS YOUR PLACE WITHIN IT? Incident Command System Management system designed to enable effective and efficient domestic incident management by integrating a combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications operating within a common organizational structure. Purpose of the ICS Used for agencies to be able to work together much more efficiently during an incident. Incident Command System Integrated organizational structure A system used to coordinate emergency preparedness and incident management among various federal, state, and local agencies. ICS as a part of NIMS A standardized on-scene emergency management of resources during incidents. The ICS model is used by jurisdictions and agencies, both public and private, to organize field-level incidentmanagement operations. Do you understand the difference between NIMS and ICS yet? NIMS History The NIMS is the organization through which disaster management is coordinated. Designed after the World Trade Center attacks in September 2001 and implemented starting in 2005, NIMS is designed to prepare for, prevent, and manage response to emergency and disaster situations, and to coordinate emergency response disaster responders on the local, state and federal levels. Do you understand the difference between NIMS and ICS yet? ICS History The ICS is a personnel management structure through which disaster response is controlled. ICS was developed by the State of California as a method by which earthquakes and other emergencies could be handled efficiently. Flexibility is a main tenet of ICS. When properly implemented, the system allows the development of a command chain of any size that can include government agencies and non-governmental organizations alike. Do you understand the difference between NIMS and ICS yet? Interaction NIMS offers training to disaster response personnel in using the ICS. ICS provides a standardized framework through which various agencies can coordinate command in a disaster situation. In the event of a disaster, NIMS interacts with agencies responding to the disaster as part of the ICS chain of command. QUESTIONS? Please contact me at (512) 974-0240.