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Which type of ionizing radiation indirectly ionizes due to having no charge?
Which type of ionizing radiation indirectly ionizes due to having no charge?
Which type of ionizing radiation has the highest penetration capability?
Which type of ionizing radiation has the highest penetration capability?
What is the primary use of gamma and X-rays in the medical field?
What is the primary use of gamma and X-rays in the medical field?
Which source commonly uses beta particles for its function?
Which source commonly uses beta particles for its function?
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Which of the following is NOT included in the CBRNE acronym for breaking down hazard categories?
Which of the following is NOT included in the CBRNE acronym for breaking down hazard categories?
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What characterizes an explosive material based on the text provided?
What characterizes an explosive material based on the text provided?
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In the context of hazardous materials, what does CBRNE stand for?
In the context of hazardous materials, what does CBRNE stand for?
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What is the term used to describe the degree to which a chemical substance or mixture can harm an organism?
What is the term used to describe the degree to which a chemical substance or mixture can harm an organism?
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Which state can toxic materials NOT come in according to the text?
Which state can toxic materials NOT come in according to the text?
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What does the term 'toxic' synonymously mean in the context of hazardous materials?
What does the term 'toxic' synonymously mean in the context of hazardous materials?
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Which hazard class in the DOT classification system includes materials like Flammable Solids?
Which hazard class in the DOT classification system includes materials like Flammable Solids?
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What type of materials would be classified under Class 6 in the hazardous materials classification system?
What type of materials would be classified under Class 6 in the hazardous materials classification system?
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In the Emergency Response Guidebook, which class would materials like Radioactive substances fall into?
In the Emergency Response Guidebook, which class would materials like Radioactive substances fall into?
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Which hazard class poses a risk primarily due to their ability to ignite under certain conditions?
Which hazard class poses a risk primarily due to their ability to ignite under certain conditions?
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In the context of hazardous materials, which hazard classification deals with substances that are capable of causing injury or death when inhaled?
In the context of hazardous materials, which hazard classification deals with substances that are capable of causing injury or death when inhaled?
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Which hazard class represents materials that can cause mass detonation or projection hazards?
Which hazard class represents materials that can cause mass detonation or projection hazards?
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What is the primary hazard associated with Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers?
What is the primary hazard associated with Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers?
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Which hazard class represents poisonous or infectious substances?
Which hazard class represents poisonous or infectious substances?
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Which hazard class represents materials that are non-flammable but poisonous gases?
Which hazard class represents materials that are non-flammable but poisonous gases?
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What does the green highlight in the Emergency Response Guidebook indicate?
What does the green highlight in the Emergency Response Guidebook indicate?
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Which of the following is not considered a hazardous material?
Which of the following is not considered a hazardous material?
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What is the purpose of the Emergency Response Guidebook mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of the Emergency Response Guidebook mentioned in the text?
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Which of the following is not explicitly mentioned as a type of hazardous material in the text?
Which of the following is not explicitly mentioned as a type of hazardous material in the text?
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What is a characteristic of hazardous materials?
What is a characteristic of hazardous materials?
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Which of the following is not mentioned as a potential effect of exposure to hazardous materials?
Which of the following is not mentioned as a potential effect of exposure to hazardous materials?
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What is the size range of viruses with respect to microns?
What is the size range of viruses with respect to microns?
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Which route of exposure involves the introduction of substances to the GI tract primarily through eating or drinking a contaminated object?
Which route of exposure involves the introduction of substances to the GI tract primarily through eating or drinking a contaminated object?
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Which hazardous material classification can generally resist biological threats except through open wounds?
Which hazardous material classification can generally resist biological threats except through open wounds?
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What is the size range of beach sand in microns?
What is the size range of beach sand in microns?
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Which route of exposure usually introduces a biological threat through insect or pest bites?
Which route of exposure usually introduces a biological threat through insect or pest bites?
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Which size range category includes dry/wet particles behaving like a gas according to the text?
Which size range category includes dry/wet particles behaving like a gas according to the text?
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What is the route of exposure associated with absorption through vulnerable skin mainly resistant to biological threats?
What is the route of exposure associated with absorption through vulnerable skin mainly resistant to biological threats?
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Which category of particles has the potential to cause damage to potable water sources according to the text?
Which category of particles has the potential to cause damage to potable water sources according to the text?
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What is the primary route of exposure that affects the eyes and mucous membranes according to the text?
What is the primary route of exposure that affects the eyes and mucous membranes according to the text?
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Which hazardous material classification has the largest size range according to the information provided?
Which hazardous material classification has the largest size range according to the information provided?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary explosive?
Which of the following is NOT a primary explosive?
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The Threshold Limit Value (TLV) refers to:
The Threshold Limit Value (TLV) refers to:
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Which of the following is a high explosive?
Which of the following is a high explosive?
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What is the primary use of C4 explosive?
What is the primary use of C4 explosive?
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Which of the following is a flammable liquid, according to the Emergency Response Guidebook?
Which of the following is a flammable liquid, according to the Emergency Response Guidebook?
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Study Notes
CBRNE Hazard Categories
- CBRNE stands for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive hazards
- The acronym CBRNE breaks down the nine hazard classes into more useful and manageable groupings for first responders
Chemical Hazards
- Toxicity refers to the degree of damage a chemical substance or mixture can cause to an organism
- Toxic materials can exist in solid, liquid, and/or gas states
- The term "toxic" is synonymous with "poisonous"
- Chemical hazards can attack and destroy metals, glass, or plastics through chemical reaction
Molecule/Particle Size
- CO2: 0.00065 microns
- Oxygen: 0.0005 microns
- Viruses: 0.0005-0.3 microns
- Bacteria: 0.3-60 microns
- Coal dust: 1-100 microns
- Pollens/fertilizers: 10-1000 microns
- Beach sand: 100-10000 microns
- Aerosols: dry/wet particles that behave like a gas
Routes of Exposure
- Absorption: skin, eyes, mucous membranes, nostrils, throat, sinuses, etc.
- Ingestion: introduction of substances to the GI tract, primary or secondary
- Injection: puncture, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, cut/abrasion, insect/pest bite
Potential Effects of a CBRNE Incident
- Health Impacts: death, temporary impairment, permanent disability, psychological stress, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Property and Environmental Impacts: damage to potable water sources, loss of productive lands, loss/destruction of food products, inability to occupy or inhabit structures
- Infrastructure Impacts: disruption of transportation, budget and resource strains on government and commercial entities, service reduction, overwhelmed healthcare system
Explosives
- Primary Explosives vs Secondary (or Tertiary) Explosives
- Low Explosives vs High Explosives
- Common Explosives: Black Powder, PETN, TNT, Dynamite, C4, ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil)
Basic Toxicology Terms
- Toxicology: the study of adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms
- Threshold Limit Value (TLV): the level to which a worker can be exposed to a chemical or physical agent daily without adverse health effects
- Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) Values: exposure that is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects
- Lethal Concentration (LC50): the concentration of a chemical in the air that will kill 50% of test subjects
- Lethal Dose (LD50): the single dose of a chemical that, when administered, will kill 50% of test subjects
Principals of Infection Control
- Hand hygiene: wash your hands often
- Use of PPE: Personal Protective Equipment
- Sharps safety: don't get stuck, stabbed, or poked
- Environmental cleaning: gear, workspace, etc.
- Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette: cover your mouth and nose
Radioactive Materials and Nuclear Radiation
- Ionizing Radiation: contributes to cellular breakdown, types include alpha particles, beta particles, gamma waves, X-Rays, and neutrons
- Alpha Particles: helium nucleus, high mass, low penetration, common sources: cancer treatment, smoke detectors
- Beta Particles: high energy electron, low mass, higher penetration, common sources: cancer treatment, betalights
- Gamma/X-rays: high energy electromagnetic radiation, no mass, highest penetration, common sources: cancer treatment, medical equipment sterilization, radiography
- Neutrons: indirectly ionizing, low mass, very high energy, penetration varies, common sources: nuclear fusion and fission, particle accelerators
Hazardous Materials Classifications
- The DOT has defined a system for classifying hazardous materials into nine hazard classes based on the dangers posed in transportation
- Hazard Classes:
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- Explosives
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- Gases
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- Flammable and Combustible Liquids
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- Flammable Solids
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- Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
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- Poison (Toxic) and Toxic Inhalation Hazard
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- Radioactive
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- Corrosive
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- Miscellaneous
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Description
Test your knowledge on primary explosives vs secondary explosives, low explosives vs high explosives, common explosives like black powder, PETN, TNT, dynamite, C4, ANFO, and basic toxicology terms such as Threshold Limit Value (TLV) and Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) Values.
