Handout Ch22 PDF

Handout 22-1 Student’s Name CHAPTER 22 QUIZ Write the letter of the best answer in the space provided. 1. Any substance—liquid, solid, or gas—that impairs health or causes death by its chemical...

Handout 22-1 Student’s Name CHAPTER 22 QUIZ Write the letter of the best answer in the space provided. 1. Any substance—liquid, solid, or gas—that impairs health or causes death by its chemical action when it enters the body or comes into contact with the skin is called a(n) A. allergen. C. antigen. B. poison. D. caustic. 2. Which of the following is the least common poison ingested by children? A. Fertilizers C. Cleaning products B. Plants D. Toiletries 3. Carbon monoxide is an example of an A. ingested poison. C. absorbed poison. B. inhaled poison. D. injected poison. 4. When treating a patient with an absorbed poisoning, if the poison is a liquid, you should irrigate all parts of the patient’s body for at least A. 5 minutes. C. 20 minutes. B. 10 minutes. D. 45 minutes. 5. The condition encountered by habitual drug users in which they require a larger dose to produce the same desired effect is called A. toxicity. C. physical dependence. B. psychological dependence. D. tolerance. 6. THC is the principal psychoactive drug in A. marijuana. C. bath soaps. B. methamphetamine. D. methylenedioxymethamphetamine. 7. The effects of opiate overdoses can be combatted by blocking the opioid receptor sites with A. activated charcoal. C. carfentanil. B. naloxone. D. ethanol. 8. The usual dose of activated charcoal for an adult is A. 12.5–25 grams. C. 30–100 grams. B. 3 grams/kg of body weight. D. 10 grams/kg of body weight. 9. In treating patients who have inhaled poisons, the drug of first choice is A. activated charcoal. C. glucose. B. syrup of ipecac. D. oxygen. 10. The most common sources of injected poisons are A. drugs. C. plants. B. bites and stings. D. over-the-counter medications. ©2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. C H A P T E R 2 2 Toxicologic Emergencies Prehospital Emergency Care, 11th Ed. Handout 22-2 Student’s Name IN THE FIELD Review the following real-life situation. Then answer the questions that follow. The emergency medical dispatcher sends you to a residence at 7290 Riverside Lane. The young woman who placed the 911 call is waiting for you on the doorstep, even though the day is chilly. Upon your arrival, the woman reports that she dropped by the house to visit her friend Randy Johnson and saw through the window that he was passed out on the couch. The door was unlocked, so she went in to try to wake him but couldn’t. She tells you, “I wanted to stay and help him, but I just suddenly started feeling so bad. I felt sick to my stomach and my head hurt, almost like there was a band around it. Then I remembered that Randy had been having trouble with his furnace and was using a kerosene heater until he could get the furnace fixed. So I was afraid maybe something was wrong with the heater and came outside and called 911 from my mobile phone.” 1. Based on your scene size-up, how would you respond to the woman? 2. Which action(s) would you take? ©2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. C H A P T E R 2 2 Toxicologic Emergencies Prehospital Emergency Care, 11th Ed. Handout 22-3 Student’s Name CHAPTER 22 REVIEW Write the word or words that best complete each sentence in the space provided. 1. The ingestion of poisonous plants is an extremely common poisoning emergency, especially in the age bracket. 2. Protect the patient who has ingested a poison from aspiration by placing the patient, if possible, in the position. 3. In some cases of ingested poisoning, medical direction in some EMS systems will order administration of ________________________ _________________________. 4. Unless directed otherwise by medical direction, give both adults and children of activated charcoal per of body weight. 5. Patients are more prone to diseases like hypertension, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, and chronic gastric ulcers when they abuse ____________________. 6. poisoning is the leading cause of death among people who inhale smoke from fires. 7. Any treatment recommended by the poison control center should be discussed with before it is administered to the patient. 8. If poison has been splashed into the eye, the MET should the affected eye with clean water for at least. 9. No matter what else is done regarding poisoning treatment, if the and are not maintained, the patient will die. 10. The ___________________ stage of alcohol withdrawal is characterized by delirium tremens (DTs). ©2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. C H A P T E R 2 2 Toxicologic Emergencies Prehospital Emergency Care, 11th Ed. Handout 22-4 Student’s Name POISONING: LISTING 1. List the four ways that poisons can enter the body. 2. List at least nine questions that should be asked during assessment of a patient with ingested poisoning. 3. Which negative behavioral outcome may happen to some patients with opioid overdose if you administer naloxone and completely reverse the opioid effects? 4. List the emergency care steps for treating patients with inhaled poisoning. ©2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. C H A P T E R 2 2 Toxicologic Emergencies Prehospital Emergency Care, 11th Ed. Handout 22-5 Student’s Name POISONING: MATCHING Write the letter of the type of poisoning next to the appropriate scenario below. 1. You are called to a suburban A. Ingested poisoning home to assist an 18-year-old male who has been found on the B. Inhaled poisoning floor of his bathroom. He has a reduced pulse rate and reduced rate of breathing. His pupils are C. Absorbed poisoning constricted to pinpoint size. He seems very sleepy and D. Injected poisoning unresponsive. There is a constricting band tied around his upper arm. You find a hypodermic needle behind a clothes hamper. 2. A 19-year-old male farm worker stumbles while carrying an open drum of pesticides. The powder spills all over his clothes and body. Within minutes, a stinging, burning sensation spreads across his hands, arms, neck, and face. “It’s like being on fire,” he tells another farm worker. “Get some help fast!” 3. A 38-year-old woman collapses on the floor of her garage while cleaning out her car. She had left the car idling so that she could listen to her favorite radio station without running down the battery. By the time her husband discovers her, the woman is barely breathing. He rushes to call an EMS unit. 4. A 45-year-old man in extreme pain from a recent back operation decides to double his self-administered dosage of Demerol. By the end of the day, he feels extremely lethargic and is sweating profusely. His pupils look pinpoint in size. Sensing trouble, his teenage son calls the nearest ambulance service. ©2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. C H A P T E R 2 2 Toxicologic Emergencies Prehospital Emergency Care, 11th Ed. Handout 22-6 Student’s Name Naloxone Write in the missing information on the medication flash card below, and save the completed card for future reference. Naloxone Medication Names: 1. Generic: 2. Trade: Indications: Contraindications: Medication Form: Dosage: Actions: Side Effects:  CHAPTER 22 ANSWER KEY HANDOUT 22-1: Chapter 22 Quiz 1. B 4. C 7. B 10. B 2. A 5. D 8. C 3. B 6. A 9. D HANDOUT 22-2: In the Field 1. Sample response: “It is likely that your friend may have been overcome by carbon monoxide fumes from the heater.” 2. Sample response: If you are trained and have proper gear, enter the room to remove the patient. (If not, call medical direction for instructions and request a fire department rescue unit.) Remember that you have two patients, the woman and her friend. Prioritize treatment, with the advice of medical direction. After the scene is safe and the unconscious patient has been removed, establish an open airway and administer oxygen at 15 liters per minute via nonrebreather mask or begin ventilations with supplemental oxygen. Also administer oxygen therapy to the woman. Provide transport to the hospital, paying particular attention to the patients’ airways and breathing. HANDOUT 22-3: Chapter 22 Review 1. pediatric 2. lateral recumbent 3. activated charcoal 4. 1 gram, kilogram 5. alcohol 6. Carbon monoxide 7. medical direction 8. irrigate, 20 minutes 9. airway, breathing 10. fourth (or last) HANDOUT 22-4: Poisoning: Listing 1. Ingestion, inhalation, absorption, injection. 2. Was any substance ingested? Was alcohol ingested with the substance? When did the patient ingest the poison? Over what time period was the substance ingested? How much of the substance was taken? Has anyone attempted to treat the poisoning? Does the patient have a psychiatric history that may suggest a possible suicide attempt? Does the patient have an underlying medical illness, allergy, chronic drug use, or addiction? How much does the patient weigh? 3. With naloxone administration, you may completely reverse the opioid effects in some patients, who may then become combative upon regaining consciousness. Take precautions to ensure your safety prior to administration of the naloxone. 4. Get the patient out of the toxic environment as quickly as possible. Place the patient in a supine position or position of comfort. As soon as possible, administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask. Start positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen immediately if the patient is not breathing or has inadequate breathing. Bring all containers, bottles, labels, or other clues about the poisoning agent to the receiving facility. HANDOUT 22-5: Poisoning: Matching 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A Handout 22-6 Student’s Name HANDOUT 22-6: Naloxone Naloxone. Medication Name Naloxone is the generic name. The trade name is Narcan. Indications Naloxone is indicated for patients with suspected or known opioid intoxication who have CNS depression with respiratory depression, hypotension, or bradycardia. Contraindication The drug naloxone itself has no real effect on the body unless an opioid substance is present. Therefore, the only contraindication is a known hypersensitivity to naloxone. Medication Form The medication is a liquid form that can be administered by an intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intranasal, or endotracheal route. EMTs typically administer naloxone by the intranasal route; however, some may also use the intramuscular route. A naloxone auto-injector is available. Follow your local protocol. Dosage The typical dose is 0.4 mg to 2 mg when given by various routes. When administered by the intranasal route, the typical dose is 2 mg, with 1 mg being administered via a mucosal atomization device (MAD) in each nostril. Action Naloxone is a pure opioid antagonist with a rapid onset of action. It competitively binds opioid receptors and can reverse all of the receptor actions of the opioid by effectively blocking the ability of the drug to bind with the receptor site. Side Effects Acute opioid withdrawal, increased blood pressure, headache, musculoskeletal pain, nasal dryness, edema, congestion, or inflammation