Argentina Handbook PDF

 Introduction Have you ever thought about what makes Argentina such a fascinating place to visit? Let's explore together! Argentina, officially referred to as the Argentine Republic is a country steeped in history, culture and stunnin...

 Introduction Have you ever thought about what makes Argentina such a fascinating place to visit? Let's explore together! Argentina, officially referred to as the Argentine Republic is a country steeped in history, culture and stunning scenery. Located in South America it spans from the vibrant city life of Buenos Aires to the beauty of Patagonia offering a mix of urban charm and natural marvels. Here's a brief overview of Argentina's past; The country declared its independence from Spain on July 9th, 1816. Since then it has gained recognition on the stage. Throughout its history Argentina has faced periods of turmoil including coups and the dark chapter known as the "Dirty War" in the 1970s. Despite these challenges Argentina has made contributions to art, literature and science through figures like Eva Perón, revolutionary figure Che Guevara and Nobel Prize winning author Jorge Luis Borges. Argentina is often referred to as the "Land of Silver " a name stemming from explorers belief that silver was abundant in the region; however today it is better known for its natural resources and thriving agricultural sector. The country boasts world landmarks including Iguazu Falls, Perito Moreno Glacier,L La Boca neighborhood and Aconcagua peak.Argentina is often called the "Land of Passion." With its soccer fans and the fiery intensity of tango the country exudes a lively spirit. Curious to learn more about this nation? Let's delve into it!  Argentina Words and Phrases ARGENTINA ENGLISH Che Hey Boludo Dude Adios Good bye Hasta Luego See you later Pibe Boy Mina Girl A full Absolutely Gracias Thank you Chau Bye  DO’S AND DON'TS DO'S Discuss topics like sports (especially football/soccer), family, Argentine cuisine, and landscapes. These are popular conversation starters. Ask about the well-being of your Argentine companion's family, as family is very important to them. Dress nicely, as many Argentines take care in their appearance. Be prepared for higher noise levels, as Argentines are often comfortable with loud music and conversation in social settings.. DON'TS Avoid discussing Argentina's political issues or sensitive historical topics like Perón, the Falkland Islands, or Great Britain. Don't bring up Chile-Argentina border disputes unless your Argentine friend does. Refrain from calling the United States "America"; instead, say "North America" to avoid confusion, as "America" can refer to all of the Americas. Don't generalize about Hispanic and Latin American cultures; each country and culture is unique.  HAND GESTURES 1. BE CAREFUL/WATCH OUT Be careful! Watch out or you'll get into some kind of trouble. 2. I DON'T KNOW/ I HAVE NO IDEA Sign of boredom or apathy, as if to say" Don't know, don't care, why are you still here. 3. WHAT IS YOU PROBLEM?!/ ARE YOU KIDDING ME?! "What the hell is wrong with you?!" 4. KIND OF/ SO SO I don't know. It could go either way. I don't really wanna speak about it. 5. I WANT A COFFEE 6. I WAS RIGHT/UP YOURS WARNING: This one is RUDE. You may use it with your friends. 7. BEING A PAIN IN THE ASS/ANNOYING 8. COME HERE! 9. CHEAPSKATE Use this gesture to make it clear just how much of a cheapskate they are. 10. JUST PERFECT/ ABSOLUTE THE BEST SIgnifies approval.  SYNTHESIS Mark Anthony P. Santos Overall, Argentina is known for its culture and stunning scenery. The country is referred to as the "the land of silver" as it is a country that is rich in silver. Argentina is one of the eight largest countries not only in South America, but in the world. And, it is the second largest country in the continent of South America. Stated on handbook that they don't like talking about the country's past and present political issues. But, topics such as sports and their landmarks are accepted by the countrymen. This South American Country is highly suggested to visit not only because of its landmarks but also due to their culture, history and the people living in it.  SYNTHESIS Phillip Andrei R. Estravela Argentina is a country that welcomes tourists with a combination of warm hospitality, cultural richness, and a laid back atmosphere. Argentinians are generally warm and sociable, and they have a reputation for being approachable and they also can speak in many languages such as italian,latin,german,and other european languages.argentina culture is one of the most unique culture that people gonna see into when go to that country whether introducing their famous traditional food asado( argentina barbeque),or showcasing the nation's music and dance like tango, and locals in argentina are even proud to show you their culture when you visit their country.But just remember keep safe when traveling solo in argentina cause mugging and other illegal activity is normal cause even though argentina has a bright culture but they are one of the most poor country in the world so dont wear something flashy in the streets like jewelry, and watches and as much possible find a trusted local or tour guide that will accompany in your journey that's all keep safe.  PROFILE INFORMATION Santos, Mark Anthony P. 21 years old Sta. Ines, San Miguel, Bulacan Mark Anthony P. Santos is a 21- year-old resident of Sta. Ines, San Miguel, Bulacan. A recent graduate of San Miguel National High School, he is currently a freshman pursuing a Bachelor of Secondary Education with a major in English. Mark is actively involved in his community through the JIL Church, where he contributes to the music ministry as an instrumentalist. PROFILE INFORMATION Estravela, Phillip Andrei R. 19 years old Partida, San Miguel, Bulacan Phillip Andrei R. Estravela is currently attending bulacan agricultural state university, pursuing bachelor of secondary education major in english. At a young age he has a passion to become a respectful and caring teacher in the future so that the children of this country can learn fun and exciting. He may be 1 year older with his classmates but he will prove that he can catch up with them side by side.  Introduction Brazil is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America. Its formal name is the Federative Republic of Brazil. It is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest country in the world in terms of area. São Paulo is the most populated city, and Brasília serves as its capital. Brazil is made up of a Federal District in addition to 26 states. The only nation in the Americas with Portuguese as an official language is this one. Because to more than a century of widespread immigration from all over the world, Brazil is one of the most cosmopolitan and ethnically diverse countries in the world. Brazil occupies over half of the land area of South America and borders every other country and territory on the continent, with the exception of Ecuador and Chile. Brazil is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east and has a coastline that stretches 7,491 kilometers (4,655 mi). The Amazon basin of Brazil is home to a sizable tropical forest that supports a wide range of fauna, various biological systems, and abundant natural resources spread over multiple protected areas. With its distinct environmental legacy, Brazil is ranked #1 among the 17 megadiverse nations. The natural wealth of the nation is also of great international importance since environmental deterioration (caused by acts like deforestation) directly affects global problems like biodiversity loss and climate change. Brazil is a major non-NATO ally of the United States and a rising regional and middle power. Brazil is regarded as an advanced emerging economy, classified as a developing nation with a high Human Development Index. Its nominal and PPP GDP ranks ninth globally, making it the largest in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere. Brazil boasts the greatest wealth share and most complicated economy in South America, being categorized as a recently industrialized nation by the IMF and an upper-middle income country by the World Bank. Being the world's top producer of coffee for the past 150 years, it is also one of the primary breadbaskets of the globe. COMMON PORTUGUESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN BRAZIL PORTUGUESE ENGLISH Boa tarde Good afternoon Boa noite Good evening Bom dia Good day/Morning Oí/Olá Please Tchau Hello Sim Goodbye Não Yes Com licença No Des culpa Sorry/Pardon me  BRAZILIANS HAND GESTURES 1. JOINHA / THE THUMBS UP SIGN The thumbs up sign has a positive meaning in Brazil. It is used as a sign for "OK" or "agreed" in various situations. 2. MONEY SIGN This means "money" and is often used to say you don't have money or have money issues without being too direct. 3. TOUCHING THE EARLOBE This gesture is used to indicate that something is very good, tasty, or high-quality.. 4. THE FIG / FIGA Making a fist with the thumb poking between the index and middle fingers is a traditional Brazilian gesture for good luck and protection from evil. 5. BITING THE HAND (MORDENDO A MAO) This gesture, where one pretends to bite the back of their hand, is used to express frustration or anger. 6. COME HERE This means "come here." Extend your arm with the hand turned up or down and flex your fingers a few times. Also accompanied by the words "psiu, psiu." 7. TELEPHONE Hold your hand against your face like this (or just make this gesture in the air) to say someone's on the phone, or that she has a phone call (which this popular young beauty does, all the time!) or to ask someone to call you. DO’S AND DON’TS The DO’S Have conversations about things like Brazilian natural scenery and soccer (football). These are good conversation starters. Be prepared to be frank and friendly. Given how warmly people in Brazil tend to interact, this will serve to strengthen the dynamic. When talking to a Brazilian companion, inquire into the well-being of their family, spouse, children, etc. Family life is considerably important to Brazilians.  If you make hand signals at a Brazilian, exercise caution. Compared to Australia, several gestures have unexpectedly powerful meanings that are different. Get a cross-body sling bag as a favor to ensure that your valuables are always zipped away and close to your chest. Pickpocketing frequently occurs when a victim has their phone or wallet in an open bag or pocket. Use Uber if possible. Uber is a great easy method to travel around, and people enjoy it for safety reasons since it gives you more control as a passenger: you can share your journey for extra security, you have a predetermined fare, and you know the driver's details. Uber is accessible in Brazil's main cities; use it if you feel more secure using it. Double check the area of your accommodation before booking. It's usually a good idea to check up on the region and read reviews from previous visitors with an eye toward local safety before making travel arrangements. Be careful when you withdraw money. In Brazil, like in many other places, you should use caution while taking out cash. suggested only doing so during the day, if at all possible, going with a companion, and attempting to locate an ATM that is indoors It’s recommended to avoid going places with your passport in your day bag (unless absolutely necessary), just in case you misplace it. In the worst situation, however, it's also a good idea to include printed copies of your passport in case you need to visit your embassy regarding a misplaced passport.  Practice extra caution in heavily touristic areas. Touristic areas of every destination always have a downside…they seem to attract the most sketchy characters. This is the same for Brazil. For example, in Rio you should practice extra caution in Copacabana, Lapa and other touristic places. Sources:https://www.google.com/gasearch?q=dos%20and%20don'ts%20in%20brazil&tbm=&source=sh/x/gs/m2/5#vhid=z ephyr:0&vssid=atritem-https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/brazilian-culture/brazilian-culture-do-s-and-don-ts https://carolinerosetravel.com/21-safety-tips-for-traveling-in-brazil/ The DON’TS Don’t speak English. 5% of people in Brazil are somewhat fluent in English. Thus, don't expect to ask inquiries in English at a store and receive a response. Don't Stroll Around with Valuables at Sight If you don't want to become a victim of a robbery like these people, avoid going around with a fancy camera and a pricey necklace. Don't Talk About Politics. When it comes to politics, Brazilians become highly emotional and critical. Try not to let the disregard for timeliness annoy you. In Brazil, being late by 15 to 30 minutes does not constitute tardiness. Refrain from gloating about your status, money, or hierarchy. The Brazilian people value modesty.  Avoid making fun of others or being sarcastic when conversing. Since most Brazilians are upbeat and jovial, it's likely that humor or irony will come over as misinterpreted. In Brazilian discourse, lighthearted humor is more common. Never inquire as to a Brazilian's non-black identity. Even if the person asking is truly naïve, this is usually interpreted as a cruel and uneducated comment. If someone calls you a "gringo," don't take it personally. Regardless of how something looks, this term is typically used as a nickname for foreigners or foreign things in general rather than as a slur. Steer clear of profanity. Blasphemy and cursing are viewed as disrespectful and indicative of bad manners. Don’t walk alone at night. Walking alone at night makes you an easy target, especially in places like Copacabana in Rio, so try to avoid it at all costs. LIST OF ETIQUETTE Basic Etiquette The notion of respect is not extended to every ‘fulano’ (‘so-and-so’) one meets on the street or in a public setting. Brazilians will typically walk ahead in lines or cut people off when driving. This attitude, whilst common in the anonymous public space, differs from their attitudes of respect towards people within their own social circle. When it comes to queuing etiquette, the notion of ‘first come, first serve’ does not always apply. Cutting in line may be tolerated if the person who comes later believes they are more important than others in line, or they know someone who can assist with jumping the line. For example, ‘doutor fulano’ (‘doctor so-and-so’) may cut in front because the person serving is a patient of theirs. These intricate dynamics determine not only who is next in line, but also who generally excels in society. Given large family sizes and typically small living quarters, Brazilians are generally not demanding regarding their privacy. Within one family, possessions are typically thought to be communal and are shared amongst everyone. Thus, it is expected to be open about one’s possessions and space. Visiting Since Brazilians are generally easy going, the etiquette for visiting their home is quite casual and relaxed. It is considered to be impolite to arrive at the designated time. If invited to a Brazilian household, come no earlier than 15-30 minutes after the designated time. If you are offered a complimentary cup of ‘cafezinho’ (‘black coffee’), accept it unless you have a good reason to refuse. In Brazil, coffee is a symbol of hospitality and is widely consumed. Likewise, offer cafezinho to anyone who visits your home if it is possible. The purpose of dinner invitations or parties is primarily for socializing. In turn, people are not normally hasty to leave. Such invitations usually include time for conversing before, during and after the meal. Typically, guests will not leave before dessert and a cafezinho have been served. Eating Generally, etiquette around food and eating is casual. However, there are a number of common practices. Some foods that may seem appropriate to be eaten and handled with fingers are not. Typically, people use napkins or toothpicks to pick up food. Brazilians often tend to eat quietly. Burping and making noise with plates and cutlery is considered to be poor etiquette. Brazilians tend to finish all the food they put on their plate. Taking more food than one can eat and leaving unfinished food on one’s plate is considered impolite, suggesting that the person did not enjoy the food. It is common to have a second serving. When eating out in a restaurant, often people will lift their hand and motion for the waiter to come to them. Gift Giving Small gifts such as a chocolate bar are often given as a symbolic gesture of appreciation towards someone who does a favor. If invited into a Brazilian home, bringing flowers or a small gift for the hostess is a good gesture of appreciation. A gift for the hostess’ children will also be greatly appreciated. Flowers can be sent before or after a visit to someone’s home. Orchids are considered a nice gift. Wrapping gifts in vibrant colors will be appreciated, particularly if it is in the national colors of yellow and green. Gifts that are sharp such as knives or scissors refer to an intention to ‘sever’ ties with someone. Thus, avoid giving gifts that may be interpreted as a cutting of connections. Avoid giving practical gifts such as wallets, keychains or perfume. These are considered to be too personal. If a married man has to give a gift to a woman, he should mention that the gift is from their spouse to avoid the gesture being interpreted as flirtation. Avoid giving gifts wrapped in purple or that are purple, such as purple orchids. The color purple is associated with mourning. Trivia and facts 1. Brazil has the world's longest stretch of continuous coastline, 4655 miles. 2. Brazil has the most species of monkeys in the world. 3. Brazil contains 25% of the world’s rain forests. 4. Brazilians don’t typically marry until the late twenties. 5. Brazilian women were able to vote beginning in 1931. 6. Brazil is the largest country in South America. 7. Around 60% of the Amazon Rainforest is in Brazil. 8. Brazil was the first country to accept women in their armed forces. 9. Brazil is the Largest Exporter of Coffee. 10. Brazil is located near the equator. 11. Brazil was the only independent South American country to send troops to fight in WW2. 12. Voting in Brazil is compulsory. 13. Brazil’s capital Brasilia looks like an aeroplane from above.  SYNTHESIS JERCELLE MAE C. CABUHAT Brazil is a dynamic and culturally rich nation in South America, characterized by its immense geographic diversity and complex social fabric. The Brazilian population is a blend of Indigenous, African, European, and Asian influences, which has resulted in a unique cultural identity that is celebrated globally. Brazilians are widely recognized for their warmth and hospitality, traits that are deeply ingrained in their communal and familial values. The vibrant cultural life of Brazil, epitomized by events such as Carnival, reflects a collective enthusiasm for music, dance, and festivity, which are central to the Brazilian way of life. Soccer, too, plays a pivotal role in uniting the nation, serving as both a source of national pride and a common cultural touchstone. Despite facing significant social and economic challenges, including widespread inequality, Brazilians display a notable resilience. Their ability to maintain optimism and a sense of joy in the face of adversity is a testament to their enduring spirit.  SYNTHESIS Anjhella Fate S. Lim The largest nation in South America, Brazil, is renowned for both its dynamic cultural legacy shaped by immigration from throughout the world and its abundant biodiversity, which includes the Amazon Rainforest. The official language is Portuguese. Brazil is a developing nation with the greatest GDP in Latin America. Despite its economic success, social inequality and corruption remain major issues. In Brazil, social interactions are generally informal, with recognized individuals usually receiving respect. Punctuality is also taken quite casually, with arriving 15 to 30 minutes late being considered normal. It is common to provide modest gifts, especially for the hostess or children, and to receive a tiny coffee (known as a "cafezinho") as a sign of welcome when you visit. Table manners are relatively formal; using napkins or toothpicks instead of fingers for food and avoiding noise with cutlery is preferred. In gift-giving, avoid sharp items and the color purple due to their negative connotations. Conversations about Brazil’s natural beauty or soccer are welcome, and showing genuine interest in family matters is appreciated. For safety, using Uber is recommended, and vigilance with personal belongings is advised. On the other hand, it’s best to avoid discussing politics, displaying valuables, expecting widespread English, and using sarcasm or profanity. Lastly, the term "gringo" is commonly used to refer to foreigners and is not intended as a slur. BIOGRAPHY Jercelle Mae C. Cabuhat 18 - years old Pambuan, Gapan City, Nueva Ecija Jercelle Mae C. Cabuhat, a 17-year-old freshman at Bulacan Agricultural State College, is currently pursuing a Bachelor’s Degree in Secondary Education Major in English. Her interests include sketching, writing poems, painting, and dancing. Though she once dreamed of becoming an architect, she ultimately decided to follow a path in education. Her goal is to teach children and guide them in becoming better individuals, reflecting her passion for shaping the future through education. BIOGRAPHY Anjhella Fate S. Lim 19 years old San Agustin, San Miguel, Bulacan Anjhella Fate S. Lim is a dedicated freshman student at Bulacan Agricultural State College, where she is pursuing a degree in secondary education with a major in English. Coming from a family of educators, with both parents having been teachers, Fate initially resisted the idea of following in their footsteps. The challenges she observed in their profession made her hesitant to embrace teaching. However, over time, she found herself drawn to the rewarding experience of sharing knowledge and positively impacting others. This realization led her to pursue a career in education, where she is now committed to inspiring and educating future generations.  Introduction Colombia, a country in South America, is known for its beautiful natural resources, modern cities, and diverse culture. The country has been working hard to make peace with groups that were fighting against the government, reduce crime, and strengthen its democratic institutions. Colombia's economy is growing, offering more opportunities for its people. Colombia is home to stunning landscapes, from the lush Amazon rainforest to the snowy Andes Mountains. The cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cartagena combine old and new architecture and have vibrant cultural scenes. Colombian culture is a mix of different influences, including indigenous, European, and African. This mix can be seen in the music, dances, and food of the country. The government's efforts to bring peace and stability have helped create a better environment for its citizens to live and work in. The economy of Colombia is diverse, with agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing playing important roles. This diversity has helped the country grow and develop, providing more opportunities for its people and a brighter future. Colombia is a country with a lot to offer, from its natural beauty to its rich culture and growing economy.  Colombian words and Phrases Colombian English Bacan Cool Catorse Favor Mecato Snacks Parcero Friend Pieza Bedroom Piata Money Hola Hello Buenas dias Goodmorning Que tal? How are you Si Yes  Do’s and Don’ts DO'S Be respectful and courteous, especially around someone's parents or elders. Colombians are often very charismatic and talkative, but their warmth is generally always accompanied with good manners. Make an effort to steer the conversation towards the positive aspects of Colombian culture (i.e. the geography, biodiversity, literature, art, as well as the energy and attitude of the Colombian people). Be generous and open to performing favours. Colombians often go out of their way to help those that they have a good relationship with. Show respect for Catholicism and the Christian tradition. It forms the basis and justification for many Colombians' opinions. Try to tolerate a higher volume of noise. Colombians are generally more lenient with the level of noise that is permissible in a social situation or coming from a neighbouring house. DON'TS Avoid making jokes about illicit drugs or drug consumption. Colombians do not like to be stereotyped as 'narcotraficantes' (drug traffickers). A minuscule proportion of the population is involved in such activity and the comments can become insulting if delivered insensitively or too often. Furthermore, consider that some Colombians may have been affected by the violence of drug cartels. If you want to approach the topic, take it seriously, not lightheartedly. Do not ask about "violence in Colombia" unless you have a specific question. Colombians are generally open to discussing the subject, but they can find it tiring or even annoying when foreigners seek a broad explanation. It is an incredibly complex conflict that is hard to summarize for people with little background knowledge. Do not emphasize Colombia's struggles or seek to make them feel ashamed of it. Most are disgusted by it and want to redeem the reputation of Colombia in foreigners' eyes. Furthermore, while they are very critical of their own nation's problems, they do not need further judgment from outsiders - especially when this criticism is informed by stereotypes. Do not assume all Hispanic and Latin American peoples are the same. There are many different countries and cultures across Central and South America that vary greatly in many aspects of life. Avoid homogenizing Colombians with people from other areas of the continent.  Avoid referring to the United States as "America". If you are going to do so, specify it as "North American". All of South America is also technically American and Colombians can find it frustrating when the term is reduced to refer to just those from the USA. Hand Gestures  Synthesis Justine Jae S.A Dela Cruz Colombians show respect and courtesy, especially towards elders, and emphasize positive aspects of their culture, such as geography and art. Generosity and respect for Catholicism are valued, and Colombians are tolerant of higher noise levels. Avoid jokes about drugs, broad questions about violence, and negative comments about the country's struggles. Colombia is known for its natural resources, modern cities, and diverse culture, with recent progress in peace and economic growth. Colombia, a land of vibrant colors, rich history, and warm people, offers a unique cultural experience. To ensure a positive and respectful interaction with the locals, it's essential to understand the nuances of Colombian etiquette. By following these guidelines, you can foster positive interactions and truly experience the warmth and richness of Colombian culture. Remember, respect, open-mindedness, and a genuine interest in understanding the local customs will go a long way in making your journey to Colombia a memorable one.  Synthesis Mikka Ella H. Sayuma Colombia is a country that welcomes you with open arms and a warm smile. Colombians are known for their hospitality and friendliness, making you feel right at home. They are passionate people, expressing themselves with animated gestures and a love for life's simple pleasures. Family is central to Colombian culture, with strong bonds and a deep sense of community. When interacting with Colombians, it's important to be mindful of their cultural norms. While the "peace" sign is commonly used, it's crucial to ensure the palm is facing inwards. Head nods and shakes have the same meaning as elsewhere, but are often used with more emphasis. The "OK" sign is generally accepted, but avoid making it with the palm facing inwards, as it can be seen as offensive. To enhance your experience, learn a few basic Spanish phrases. Colombian Spanish has its own unique dialect and slang, so be prepared for some interesting expressions. Don't be afraid to try speaking Spanish, even if you make mistakes. Colombians will appreciate your effort and enthusiasm. Remember, these are just general observations. Every country and culture has its own nuances. Be respectful, observant, and open to learning about Colombian culture, and you'll have a truly enriching experience.  Profile Information Dela Cruz, Justine Jae S.A 18 Years Old Masalipit, San Miguel, Bulacan Justine Jae S.A Dela Cruz recently graduated at San Miguel National High school and now is a freshmen student taking Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English. At a young age, he dreamed of being a chef but this first year he pursued Secondary Education. He is a youth of the church, he is a dancer and choir in Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish at Salacot, San Miguel, Bulacan. He has been serving the church for two years.  Profile Information Sayuma, Mikka Ella H. 17 Years Old Masalipit, San Miguel, Bulacan Mikka Ella Sayuma is a 17-year- old freshman, pursuing a Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English. She's passionate about both creativity, finding joy in dancing, and serving her community through the church. While her initial dream was to become a seafarer, Mikka Ella is now embracing the path of education, hoping to inspire and empower young minds.  Introduction Peru is a South American country that's home to a section of Amazon Rainforest. Peru is known for its landmarks, dishes, and natural wonders. (Tello, 2023) Peru is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. It is made up of a variety of landscapes, from mountains and beaches to deserts and rainforests. Most people live along the coast of the Pacific Ocean, where the capital of Peru, Lima, is located. Peru is a megadiverse country. Peru has such an important biodiversity that it ranks among first in list at worldwide level. (World bank, 2013) Additionally, Peru is considered special because of its different ecosystem. Peru is home to a different variety of plants and animals than most other countries on Earth. Peruvian is what you call the people living in Peru. Peruvians are proud of their achievements like : one of the major centers of artistic expression in America; They built a system of roads and bridges across the roughest terrains of the Andes. Peruvians are people who identified themselves as Hispanics of Peruvian origin. This includes immigrants from Peru and those who trace their family ancestry to Peru.  Peruvian words and Phrases Peruvian Language English Language Cause Bro, dude, or buddy Hola hello Hasta Luego Until later Nos Vemos We will see each other Chevero cool Te amo mucho I love you alot Bien ok Hermoso/a beautiful Gracias Thank you  Do's and Don'ts (Scroope, 2018) Do’s Engage in discussions on topics such as football (soccer), Peruvian cuisine and Peru's natural landscapes. These are welcome topics of conversation. Try to show an interest in Peruvian cuisine. Food is a big source of pride for many Peruvians and is often a great way to bond. Be open to invitations to join in social activities such as a game of soccer. It is a great way to interact with others and to build stronger relationships. In a social setting, genuine attempts to speak Spanish will be appreciated, regardless of the level of proficiency. Always show respect to elders through actions such as giving up one's seat on public transport. Deferring to the elderly is highly valued in Peru. Do make an effort to look presentable. For many Peruvians, good impressions are often related to the effort one puts into their physical appearance. Peruvians enjoy sharing information about their daily lifestyles. However, jokes or criticism about lifestyle is considered offensive. Don'ts Avoid raising topics relating to Peru’s past and present political issues unless you have already established rapport with your Peruvian counterpart. For instance, discussions on ideology such as communism, as well as past and present political events, are quite sensitive and polarizing. Do not make jokes about illicit drugs or drug consumption. The topic of drugs is not considered lighthearted in Peru and such comments may be considered an insult or insensitive. Avoid referring to an indigenous or mestizo Peruvian as ‘cholo’. While sometimes used in a positive sense, the term is usually used as a pejorative and may greatly offend your Peruvian counterpart. Try not to stereotype contemporary Peruvian culture based on ancient Inca culture. While many Peruvians take pride in their cultural heritage, Peruvian culture is dynamic and has changed throughout history. Do not assume all Hispanic and Latin American peoples are the same. Many different countries and cultures across Central and South America vary in many aspects. Thus, avoid homogenizing Peruvians with people from other areas of the continent. Do not be offended if you are called ‘gringo’. This term is generally used not as an insult but as a way to refer to any foreign people or objects. Never insult or make jokes about a Peruvian’s mother. Such comments are considered highly offensive as many Peruvians show utmost respect towards their mothers and grandmothers. Avoid referring to the United States as ‘America’. Specify it as the ‘United States’ (Estados Unidos) instead. All of South America is also technically American, and Peruvians may find it frustrating when the term is reduced to refer to just those from the USA. Avoid boasting about Chile to your Peruvian counterpart. As one of Peru’s neighboring countries, Chile is thought to be a ‘rival’, in a similar way that New Zealand is to Australia. One example of this rivalry is the dispute over the origin of the alcoholic beverage known as ‘pisco’  Peruvian Gestures 1. POINTER FINGER PLACED IN THE JAW Aguija - “ a needle” 2. POINTER FINGER PLACED TO THE NOSE Pituco - to pout  3. BRUTO Gross 4. TESTARUDO stubborn  SYNTHESIS Princess Jewel E. Del Rosario Peru is a South American country that's home to a section of Amazon Rainforest. Peru is known for its landmarks, dishes, and natural wonders. (Tello, 2023) Peru is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. It is made up of a variety of landscapes, from mountains and beaches to deserts and rainforests. Most people live along the coast of the Pacific Ocean, where the capital of Peru, Lima, is located. Peruvians love an individual engaged in discussions on topics such as football (soccer), Peruvian cuisine and Peru's natural landscapes. These are welcome topics of conversation. Also, try to show an interest in Peruvian cuisine. Food is a big source of pride for many Peruvians and is often a great way to bond. Be open to invitations to join in social activities such as a game of soccer. It is a great way to interact with others and to build stronger relationships. Avoid raising topics relating to Peru’s past and present political issues unless you have already established rapport with your Peruvian counterpart. For instance, discussions on ideology such as communism, as well as past and present political events, are quite sensitive and polarizing. Peruvians won't appreciate it if you make jokes about illicit drugs or drug consumption. The topic of drugs is not considered lighthearted in Peru and such comments may be considered an insult or insensitive.  References Davies, T. M., & Burr, R. N. (2018). Peru - Achievement of independence. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Peru/Achievement-of-independence Lucía. (2021, September 20). Useful Peruvian Words for travelers in Peru ✓ I Howlanders. Howlanders Blog. https://blog.howlanders.com/en/peru/peruvian-words/#:~:text=Pucha Non-Verbal Peruvian Spanish Slang Expressions: 9 Common Gestures Infographic and Videos. (2023). Speaking Latino. https://www.speakinglatino.com/gestures-peru-spanish-slang-expressions/ Peruvian Culture - Do’s and Don’ts. (n.d.). Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/peruvian-culture/peruvian-culture-do-s-and-don-ts  Profile Information Princess Jewel E. Del Rosario 18 years-old Magmarale, San Miguel, Bulacan Princess Jewel E. Del Rosario, a 18-year-old freshman at Bulacan Agricultural State College, is currently pursuing a Bachelor’s Degree in Secondary Education Major in English. Aside from the influence of her favorite teachers, teaching is one of her passions. She is actively teaching the word of God in every bible studies in her community as she is serving the Lord on behalf of her church, Jesus is Lord Church.