Haematological Changes in Systemic Diseases PDF

Haematological Changes in Systemic Diseases Siti Balkis Budin  Anaemia of Chronic Diseases Due to any major diseases Autoimmune diseases RA, SLE, Inflammatory bowel dis, vasculitis Malignancy Organ Failure Chronic infection/inflammation...

Haematological Changes in Systemic Diseases Siti Balkis Budin  Anaemia of Chronic Diseases Due to any major diseases Autoimmune diseases RA, SLE, Inflammatory bowel dis, vasculitis Malignancy Organ Failure Chronic infection/inflammation HIV, TB, Sepsis Renal failure  Anaemia of Chronic Diseases Pathophysiology Mainly due to Hepcidin cause decreased release of iron from macrophages to plasma and erythroblast Not able to utilize iron and produced RBC Low serum iron Reduce red cell life span Inadequate erythropoietin response to anaemia Inflammatory cytokines cause reduce in erythropoietin secretion erythropoietin  MALIGNANCY Gassociated with bleeding > - anemia Cause no appetite folate. B12 > X enough - - iron , > RBC disorder - defect Anaemia of chronic dis erythropoiesis Polycythaemia Iron def White blood cell changes Neutrophil leucocytosis, Monocytosis, Platelet and coagulation disorders Thrombocytosis, DIVC Disseminated intravascular coagulation · Activation of fibrinolysis  Anaemia in Malignancy Contributing factors Anemia of chronic disorder blood loss Iron deficiency (noappexte/blood loss) Marrow infiltration (nomochromic nomocytic anemia) Marrow suppression due to chemotherapy/radiotherapy Folate deficiency * * A  ↓ production of Renal Failure - erythropoietin Normochromic normocytic anaemia Mainly due to defective erythropoietin secretion Others possible causes A creatinine Purea Uremic serum inhibit proliferation of erythroid progenitors ~ , indicate renal failure Reduce RBC life span In dialysis patient, blood loss during dialysis a if urea , Nareatanine, indicate dehydration  ~ Chronic kidney disease canemice in renal faiture patient) Janemia navigated is Lung problem, cardiac problem,. etc  Liver failure Bleeding tendency eg - chronic liver failre > - X coagulation profile protein disorder - bleeding ( Coagulation profile disorder Thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism norm achronic normocytic anemia - Anaemia Major haemorrhage from oesophageal varices (portal hypertension) C blood loss and iron def Bleeding from GIT due to varicose vein and portal hypertension Folate deficiency May also cause mild macrocytic anaemia due to increased cholesterol in the membrane. Cnegaloblastic B12/ folate) ) ?: liver failure : Suppression of haematopoiesis in chronic alcoholic due to rupture of bood vessel at esophagus. --muntah darah hypochromic merocytic anemia. ·  Bone marrow failure and anemia Acquired bone marrow failure causes include: Autoimmune disorders. Certain types of cancer, like large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGL), lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Chemicals, like those found in insecticides and pesticides. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Medications, like antibiotics and rheumatoid arthritis Myelodysplastic syndrome (myelodysplasia). Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, an acquired disorder when your red blood cells break down too quickly. Viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis, HIV and parvovirus B19. Cause pancytopenia  Aplastic Anemia Aplastic anemia is caused by damage to stem cell in bone marrow The most common cause is due to auto immune disorder  S empty cell (a)) type of cell blood narrow in bonee most abscent Infection