Anemia in Systemic Diseases

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism behind the development of anaemia of chronic diseases?

Increased red blood cell lifespan

Excessive iron release from storage

Decreased release of iron from macrophages (correct)

Increased erythropoietin levels

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with anaemia of chronic diseases?

Thyroid dysfunction (correct)

Chronic infections

Rheumatoid arthritis

Malignancy

Which inflammatory cytokine's response is reduced in cases of anaemia, contributing to inadequate erythropoiesis?

Interleukin-6

Interferon-gamma

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Erythropoietin (correct)

In renal failure, what type of anemia is primarily observed due to defective erythropoietin secretion?

Normochromic normocytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of uremic serum in patients with renal failure?

Inhibition of erythroid progenitor proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to anemia in malignancy?

Increased erythropoietin production Signup and view all the answers

What specific type of anemia is referred to as 'normochromic normocytic anemia' in the context of renal failure?

Anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of reduced red blood cell lifespan in patients with renal failure?

Uremic toxins Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is specifically characterized by a defect in erythropoiesis contributing to anemia?

Malignancy infiltration Signup and view all the answers

What role do inflammatory cytokines play in the development of anaemia in chronic diseases?

They lead to reduced erythropoietin secretion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of chronic liver failure regarding blood components?

Coagulation profile disorder leading to bleeding tendencies Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to thrombocytopenia?

Hypersplenism associated with chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What type of anemia can result from chronic alcohol suppression of hematopoiesis?

Hypochromic microcytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause acquired bone marrow failure?

Chemical exposures such as insecticides Signup and view all the answers

Aplastic anemia is primarily a result of damage to which of the following?

Stem cells in the bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What kind of anemia may occur due to excessive cholesterol in the membrane during liver failure?

Mild macrocytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about bone marrow failure is true?

Viral infections play a role in the development of pancytopenia Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical condition is a significant risk factor for major hemorrhage in liver failure patients?

Esophageal varices due to portal hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome of chronic liver disease on the hematologic profile?

Disordered coagulation and bleeding tendency Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to be associated with aplastic anemia?

Nutritional deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Haematological Changes in Systemic Diseases

Haematological changes are observed in various systemic diseases.

Anemia of Chronic Diseases

Anemia of chronic diseases is linked to diverse underlying conditions.
Causes: Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus), malignancies, chronic infections (e.g., HIV, tuberculosis, sepsis), and organ failure (e.g., renal failure).
Pathophysiology: Hepcidin, a hormone primarily from inflammation, affects iron release from macrophages and subsequent red blood cell production.
Reduced red blood cell lifespan and inadequate erythropoietin production are also key factors.
Low Serum Iron: Iron is not processed or released efficiently in the body.

Anemia in Malignancy

Causes: Anemia of chronic disease, blood loss (often from bleeding), iron deficiency due to poor appetite, and marrow suppression from chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Other factors: Folate deficiency, and marrow infiltration.
Effects on white blood cells: Changes in white blood cell counts, such as increases in neutrophils, monocytes, and possible platelet abnormalities are potential issues.

Renal Failure

Anemia type: Normochromic normocytic anemia.
Cause: Defective erythropoietin secretion from the kidneys.
Additional Causes: Serum urea levels that inhibit erythroid progenitor proliferation in conjunction with reduced red blood cell lifespan.
Other complications: Risk of blood loss in dialysis patients.

Liver Failure

Bleeding tendency: Blood clotting issue (coagulation profile disorder), especially from esophageal varices.
Thrombocytopenia: Reduced platelet count.
Anemia: Various forms, potentially including normochromic normocytic anemia, a shortage of red blood cells related to issues in the bone marrow and liver.
Other issues: Iron and folate deficiency, increased cholesterol in cell membranes, bleeding from GIT (gastrointestinal tract).

Bone Marrow Failure and Anemia

Causes: Autoimmune disorders, certain types of cancer, chemicals (like insecticides and pesticides!), chemotherapy, medications (like some antibiotics and rheumatoid arthritis medications), myelodysplastic syndrome, blood cell destruction, infections (viral including cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis).
Outcome: Pancytopenia, a condition with low counts of all blood cell types.
Pathology: Few blood cells might be present on a pathology slide.

Aplastic Anemia

Cause: Damage to stem cells in the bone marrow, often stemming from an autoimmune disorder.
Etiology: Various types of specific agents, including autoimmune factors, chemicals, medications (certain drugs), hereditary conditions.

Infections and WBC abnormalities

Infections: Can affect blood cell counts.
Neutrophils: Increased or decreased numbers (e.g., neutrophilia or neutropenia) have implications on severity and type of infection.
Other cells: Monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes exhibit conditions similar to neutrophils in response to infection.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the haematological changes associated with systemic diseases, focusing on chronic disease-related anemia and malignancy. Understand the causes, pathophysiology, and factors contributing to anemia, including autoimmune disorders and treatment effects. This quiz will deepen your knowledge of the interplay between systemic diseases and hematological health.