Communicating In A Multicultural Society & World (Group 3 Presentation) 2024 PDF

COMMUNICATING IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY AND WORLD: COMMUNICATION & CULTURE Presented by : Group 3 What then has culture taught us? – How to say hello and goodbye – When to speak and remain silent – How to act when angry or upset – Where to focus our eyes when functioning as speaker/receiver – How...

COMMUNICATING IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY AND WORLD: COMMUNICATION & CULTURE Presented by : Group 3 What then has culture taught us? – How to say hello and goodbye – When to speak and remain silent – How to act when angry or upset – Where to focus our eyes when functioning as speaker/receiver – How much gesture during speech – How to stand close to another – How to display happiness or rage at another's actions Culture – the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group. – the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes a group of people. – the set of values, conventions or social practices of a given group of people.  ADAPTATION TO NEW CULTURES Cultural Assimilation Cultural Integration Cultural Accomodation – occurs when members – is a form of cultural – refers to the process by of one cultural group exchange in which one which individuals may take adopt the language, group assumes the on values and beliefs of practices, and beliefs of beliefs, practices and the host culture. another group, often rituals of another group losing aspects of their without sacrificing the traditional cultures in characteristics of its own the process. culture.  MULTICULTURAL, CROSS-CULTURAL, AND INTERCULTURAL Multicultural Cross-cultural Intercultural describes communities refers to a society deals with the in which there is a deep that contains several comparison of cultural or ethnic understanding and different cultures. respect for all cultures. groups. MULTICULTURALISM is the belief that cultures, races, and ethnicities, particularly minority groups, should be accorded special acknowledgment of their differences within a dominant political culture. LANGUAGE AND CULTURE Language Language is embedded in culture, so it is culture and not language code that dictates what is appropriate to say and do in every communication situation. Intercultural Communication This is when people from two different cultural groups interact. To exchange ideas and cultural norms in the spirit of understanding and mutual respect.  C u l t u r e o f L a n g u a ge CULTURE OF INFERIORITY 1. When the language speakers find it so difficult to take pride in their use of the target language. 2. This culture extends to the various dimensions of the classroom, including textbooks and other materials used for language learning. 3. In the Philippines and many similar contexts, this culture of inferiority dates back to the time of colonization when the culture of the colonizers was imposed on the colonized. LANGUAGE DEATH 1. is caused both by the imposition of a language by foreigners and its acceptance by the locals.  C u l t u r e o f L a n g u a ge CULTURE OF PRAGMATISM 1. There is money in learning particular second languages. You will get a higher-paying job if you are proficient in a particular second language. If you know English, you will have an edge in the global workplace." 2. This culture finds clear manifestation in language teaching's preoccupation with "skills" (speaking, writing, reading) in language use. 3. Language education is seen primarily as a means of socially integrating foreign migrants into a particular society, it is not seen as a critical thought, for citizen's enlightenment or aesthetic education. Cultural differences are apparent in FOUR BASIC TRAITS: LEADERSHIP key characteristics: power and influence - the right to manipulate the outcome of health welfare and critical decisions of protection. Cultural differences are apparent in FOUR BASIC TRAITS: WORK PRODUCTIVITY bipolar - (marked by opposite extremes) characteristic of being "masculine" or "feminine" exists in the work force or a family organization. Masculine Feminine assertive, aggressive behavior gives primary consideration to objective is success in modesty quality of life, tenderness competition rewards are given for work winning is rewarded with high satisfaction honor salaries are determined based on unions symbolize high salaries, need, not on production large output, and major impact Cultural differences are apparent in FOUR BASIC TRAITS: GROUP ALLEGIANCE Also, a bipolar characteristic, of individual and group orientation exists. Individual orientation Group orientation (individualism) (collectivism) - whose emphasis is on - an individual can the group, sacrificing change the standards everything for the sake of the culture of the group can change the culture. Cultural differences are apparent in FOUR BASIC TRAITS: The focus is on elements on controlling the group, such as tradition and commitment to the group (high-context culture) versus the individual (low-context culture). High-context cultures resist Low-context cultures work for the change, so few changes are good of the cause, not the welfare of made since the belief is, the group. The focus is "here" and "What was good enough for "now" and to get the job done, so father and grandfather is change, growth and innovation are encouraged. good enough for me." IMPERATIVE: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION REDUCE THE STRANGENESS OF STRANGERS Communicating Within and Across Cultures Cultural imprinting starts early, so we are often unaware of our cultural biases. Multinational communication challenges have increased with globalization and diverse workforces. Cultural differences in communication include verbal and nonverbal symbols, shaped by family, community, and media influences. Family and community teach us verbal and nonverbal cues through direct experience and imitation. IMPERATIVE: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION REDUCE THE STRANGENESS OF STRANGERS Communicating Within and Across Cultures Media can distort perceptions of communication by presenting staged interactions as real. Cultural grids influence how we interpret messages, shaped by past experiences and cultural norms. Bridging intercultural communication gaps requires open-mindedness, respect for differences, and a willingness to overcome biases. IMPERATIVE: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION REDUCE THE STRANGENESS OF STRANGERS Responses to Cultural Differences: AVOIDING ACCOMMODATING FORCING EDUCATING - PERSUADING NEGOTIATING - COMPROMISING COLLABORATION - PROBLEM SOLVING  CULTURAL DIALECTICS Dialectics - discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish truth through reasoned arguments.  Individualism vs. Collectivism Individualistic Culture Collectivistic Culture -cultures in which individual goals - cultures in which group goals are stressed; are stressed, i.e. Great Britain, US, Canada, Arab, African, Asian & Latin American France & Germany High Context vs. Low Context High-context Communication Low-context Communication - a tradition-bound communication system - a system that encourages directness in which depends on indirectness communication.  High Power Distance vs. Low Power Distance High Power Distance Cultures Low Power Distance Cultures - cultures based on power differences in - cultures that believe that power should be which subordinates defer to superiors. used only when legitimate Masculine vs. Feminine Culture Masculine Culture Feminine Culture - cultures that value aggressiveness, strength, - cultures that value tenderness and and material symbols of success. relationships  Affective vs. Neutral Culture Affective Culture Neutral Culture - cultures that readily show their emotions; - members of this culture do not telegraph people show their feelings plainly by laughing, their feelings but keep them carefully scowling, grimacing, crying, shouting, walking controlled and subdued out of the room, etc. Sequential vs. Synchronic Culture Sequential Culture Synchronic Culture - the flow of time is viewed - businesspeople give full attention to one as assort of circle, with the past, present and agenda item after another. (North America, future are interrelated. (South America, German, Sweden, Dutch) Southern Europe, and Asia) Ethnocentrism is the Cultural Relativism is Diversity in Focus tendency to see your the principle of - Facts: own culture as regarding the beliefs, Continuing educational technology and changes superior to all others. values, and practices in demography The key of a culture from the influence the nature of characteristic of viewpoint of that cultural interactions. failed intercultural culture itself. Intercultural communication communication is fast efforts. becoming a norm. Cultural Pluralism is a term used Melting Pot Philosophy is the view when smaller groups within a larger that different cultures should be society maintain their unique assimilated into the dominant cultural identities, and their values culture. Cultural pluralists and practices are accepted by the advocate respect for uniqueness, wider culture provided they are tolerance for differences, and consistent with the laws and values adherence to cultural relativity. of the wider society. Interpreting Cultural Differences WhereINTERPRETING a culture fallsCULTURAL DIFFERENCES on the individualistic- collectivistic, the low-context-high-context communication, and power distance scales affects the interactional preferences of its members. Identifying Influences on Cultural Identity 1. We all belong to a number of groups, including gender, age, racial and ethnic, religious, socioeconomic and national. 2. How we define gender roles, affects the way males and females present themselves, socialize, work, perceive their futures and communicate. 3. We also have ideas regarding the meaning and significance of age, including how a person should look and behave. 4. Our racial and ethnic identities are similarly socially constructed. 5. Religious identity is the root of countless contemporary conflicts occuring in the Middle East, India, Pakistan, and Bosnia Herzegovina. 6. The socioeconomic identity frames how we respond to issues of our day. 7. National identity refers to our legal status of citizenship.  Barriers to International Communication 1. Ethnocentrism 2. Stereotypes 5. Anxiety 4. Assumed 3. Prejudice Similarities  Barriers to International Communication Ethnocentrism refers to the beliefs that a person's culture (his "in-group" culture) is much better than any other group's culture (an "out-group" culture) and the tendency is for that person to judge any out-group culture by using the norms of his in-group. Stereotypes are mental images or pictures we carry around in our heads; they are shortcuts, whether positive or negative, that guide our reactions to others. Prejudice describes how we feel about a group of people whom, more likely than not, we do not personally know.  Barriers to International Communication Assumed Similarities is a baseless, unreasonable refusal to see cultural differences where they exist. Anxiety intercultural communication anxiety is the fear or apprehension associated with either real or anticipated communication with people from another cultural group. How to Improve Your Ability to Communicate Interculturally 1. Refrain from formulating expectations based solely on your own culture. 2. Recognize how faulty education can impede understanding. 3. Make a commitment to develop communication skills and abilities appropriate to life in a multicultural world. a. I will make a commitment to seek information from persons whose cultures are different from my own. b. I will try to understand how the experiences of persons from different cultures lead them to develop perspectives that differ from mine. c. I will pay attention to the situation and the context when I communicate with persons from different cultures. d. I will make every effort to become a more flexible communicator. e. I will not insist that persons from other cultures communicate with me on my own terms.  Guidelines on Developing Intercultural Competence 1 Widen your field of experience 2 Examine yourself for possible by making new contacts. stereotypes. Learn about history and the Look at the world from someone else’s 3 experiences and aspirations of 4 way of looking at and thinking about people from different cultures. something, not just yours. 5 Work on becoming more self- 6 Appreciate cultural similarities confident. and differences. 7 Acknowledge the essential equality 8 Be sensitive and interpret cultural and value of all cultures. styles of communication.  The Development of Cultural Sensitivity Stage 1: Denial Stage 4: Acceptance Stage 2: Defense Stage 5: Adaption Stage 3: Minimization Stage 6: Integration Intercultural Communication Skills 1. When you interact, negotiate, or convey information in a multicultural setting, you apply your intercultural communication skills. Simply put, intercultural communication is the sending and receiving of information ideas, or messages across languages and cultures. 2. Ability to express understandable and culturally sensitive thoughts, feelings, opinions, and expectations. 3. Ability to engage and immerse in the local language. 4. Ability to establish shared meanings with the local people to avoid stereotyping and miscommunication. 5. Ability to develop a language capacity such as using local greetings and opportunities to use the local language in other contexts. 6. Ability to empathize with how the locals see the world.