Greek Era Architecture PDF

WELCOME TO GREEk ERA PRESENTED BY: GROUP 3 CARPIO, ALPHA BERNARDINE COCAL, JESA CUBOS, DECEMAE DAGDAGAN, CHRISTINE NICOLE  TODAY WE WILL DISCUSS OVERVIEW OF THE IMPORTANCE OF 5 ARCHITECTURAL GREEK ERA ARCHITECTURE DURING STRUCTURE...

WELCOME TO GREEk ERA PRESENTED BY: GROUP 3 CARPIO, ALPHA BERNARDINE COCAL, JESA CUBOS, DECEMAE DAGDAGAN, CHRISTINE NICOLE  TODAY WE WILL DISCUSS OVERVIEW OF THE IMPORTANCE OF 5 ARCHITECTURAL GREEK ERA ARCHITECTURE DURING STRUCTURE GREEK ERA  OVERVIEW Greek Architecture is concerned with simplicity, proportion, perspective, and harmony in buildings. Greek architecture includes some of the finest and most distinctive buildings ever built. Examples of Greek architecture include temples, theatres, and stadia, all of which become common features of towns and cities from antiquity onwards. They also employed subtle optical refinements to create a sense of perfect balance and visual harmony in their structures. Their monumental temples, such as the Parthenon, showcase the grandeur and artistry of their architectural achievements. Greek architecture has had a lasting impact on Western architecture, influencing styles from Roman to modern times. IMPORTANCE OF GREEK ARCHITECTURE Cultural Identity: the greek buildings such as temples or theaters clearly presented the principles, beliefs, and perhaps even the artistic form of the Greeks showing off their culture in a way which will last. Religious Significance: Since religion played a big part of Greek life, temples such as the Parthenon were constructed to worship gods and goddesses.  Architectural Styles – The Greeks established the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders of architecture and design that inspired beauty and order, defining how buildings should be styled for millennia. IMPORTANCE OF GREEK ARCHITECTURE Represents in public life and democracy: The structures of the city like the Agora (marketplace) and theaters where all about to be together, where it was designed for socialising, providing spaces for meetings and discussions between citizen thus enhancing democratic discourse or allow more participation in local governance.  Engineering and Beauty: This fusion of engineering and aesthetics was unique in ancient Greece, as they applied advanced precision to the artistry, creating buildings which were both visually perfect and ideal. IMPORTANCE OF ARCHITECTURE Symbols of Power: Monolithic formations including the Acropolis were emblematic of the force, riches and accomplishments of Greek city-states; they were an announcement to all those who came close that their topics created power. IMPORTANCE OF GREEK ARCHITECTURE Long-Lasting Influence: Greek ideas and concepts of architecture had a huge impact on Romans that however additionally effect our buildings nowadays. Greek architecture was more than just construction — it served as a medium to articulate culture, religion, power and artistic genius reverberating through the ages.  THE PARTHENON Materials Used: The Parthenon is primarily constructed of Pentelic marble, renowned for its pure white quality that reflects light beautifully. The use of this material not only symbolizes the grandeur of the temple but also showcases the exceptional craftsmanship of ancient Greek builders. Concept & Structure: The Parthenon was designed as a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the city of Athens was named after. It represents the pinnacle of Doric architecture, featuring a rectangular floor plan, a series of columns, and an emphasis on symmetry and harmony. The structure incorporates various optical illusions, such as slight curvature in the columns, to create the illusion of perfection. Date & History: Construction of the Parthenon began in 447 BC and was completed in 432 BC, during the height of the Athenian Empire. It was a symbol of Athenian democracy and power, housing a massive statue of Athena made by the sculptor Phidias. Over the centuries, it has served various roles, including a church and a mosque, reflecting the changing dynamics of the region.  THE TEMPLE OF APOLLO (DELPHI) Materials Used: The Temple of Apollo at Delphi was primarily built using local limestone and marble. The use of these materials reflects the temple's integration into its mountainous surroundings, utilizing resources readily available in the area. Concept & Structure: The temple was dedicated to Apollo, the god of prophecy, music, and healing. It was designed in the Doric style, with a rectangular shape and a colonnade of columns. The layout included an inner sanctum (naos) that housed the famous Oracle of Delphi, whose prophecies were sought by individuals and city-states alike. The temple's location on a mountainside adds to its dramatic and sacred atmosphere. Date & History: The original Temple of Apollo was constructed in the 6th century BC, but it was rebuilt after being destroyed by a fire around 373 BC. The new structure was completed by 330 BC and became one of the most important religious sites in ancient Greece, attracting pilgrims from all over the Mediterranean.  THE ERECHTHEION (ATHENS) Materials Used: The Erechtheion is also built from Pentelic marble, similar to the Parthenon. This choice of material contributes to the overall aesthetic cohesion of the Acropolis. Concept & Structure: The Erechtheion is unique in its asymmetrical design, reflecting the complex topography of the Acropolis. It was dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon and housed several sacred relics. Its most famous feature is the Caryatids, six elegantly draped female figures that serve as columns on the southern porch. The structure includes multiple levels and distinct chambers, representing the various cults worshipped at the site. Date & History: Construction of the Erechtheion began in 421 BC and was completed in 406 BC. It was built during the height of Athenian democracy and reflects the city's religious and cultural significance. The temple is often associated with the mythological contest between Athena and Poseidon for the city's patronage.  THE THEATER OF EPIDAURUS Materials Used: The theater was primarily constructed from limestone, which helped enhance its exceptional acoustics. The seating area, or cavea, is carved into the natural slope of the hill, providing a natural amphitheater design. Concept & Structure: The theater was designed with perfect symmetry, allowing for excellent visibility and acoustics, even from the topmost rows. Its layout follows a circular design, with a stage at the center surrounded by rows of seats. Performances were often dramatic or religious in nature, catering to a large audience. Date & History: Built in the 4th century BCE, the theater was part of the sanctuary of Asklepios, the healing god. It was used for entertainment and healing ceremonies, as it was believed that watching performances had therapeutic effects.  THE STOA OF ATTALOS Materials Used: The structure used limestone and marble for the columns and floors, and timber for the roof. It was a two-story building with Doric columns on the ground floor and Ionic columns on the upper floor. Concept & Structure: The Stoa was designed as a long covered walkway, allowing for open-air spaces under the protection of a roof. It served as a place for social gatherings, commerce, and civic activities. The structure's combination of different column types exemplifies classical Greek architectural styles. Date & History: Originally built in the 2nd century BCE, during the reign of Attalos II of Pergamon, the Stoa was reconstructed in the 1950s by the American School of Classical Studies as part of an effort to restore ancient structures in Athens. CONCLUSION To summarize this, The greek architecture emphasizing its lasting influence on Western forms, cultural and religious significance, and effects on democracy and public life. The lecture offers insights into the materials, construction, and historical background of famous buildings like the Parthenon, the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, and the Erechtheion. The talk delves into the fundamental ideas of Greek architecture, including harmony, proportion, and simplicity, and how these ideas have influenced building styles for ages.  THANK YOU FOR LISTENING