Grammar Practice Workbook PDF

Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date...................................

Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 10.1 Nouns Key Information A noun is a word that names a person, a place, An abstract noun names an idea, a quality, or a thing, or an idea. a characteristic. A common noun is a general name. liberty freshness dedication man religion document Singular nouns name one person, place, thing, or idea. Plural nouns name more than one. A proper noun names someone or something particular. A collective noun names a group. Andrew Jackson Buddhism league tribe class the Declaration of Independence The possessive form of a noun indicates pos- A concrete noun names an object that occupies session, ownership, or the relationship between space or that can be recognized by the senses. two nouns. wall juice sun a mouse’s tail the mice’s tails A. Identifying Nouns Underline all the nouns in the sentences below. 1. When Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm in 1833, his father had a reputation as an inventor. 2. Like his father, Alfred taught himself much of what he learned, and by the time he was a young man, his knowledge was extraordinary. 3. In his family’s factory, which produced munitions for the Russian army, Alfred became fascinated by explosives. 4. When the end of the Crimean War brought a reversal to the clan’s fortunes and one of his brothers was killed in an accident involving explosives, Nobel went to the United States. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 5. He worked long and hard to produce an explosive (dynamite) that would not accidentally explode causing tragedies like the one that had killed his youngest brother. 6. Throughout his life, Nobel wanted to encourage positive instead of destructive forces. 7. He gave generously to many worthwhile causes and helped finance young people’s educations. 8. After his death, Nobel’s fortune was used to establish a series of annual Nobel Prizes awarded by committee in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. B. Using Nouns From the sentences above, list four examples of each of the following. 1. (proper nouns) _________________________________________________________________ 2. (collective nouns) _______________________________________________________________ 3. (concrete nouns) ________________________________________________________________ 4. (abstract nouns) ________________________________________________________________ 5. (possessive nouns)_______________________________________________________________ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 10 1  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 10.2 Pronouns Key Information Pronouns take the place of nouns, words act- The leg itself was broken. ing as nouns, or other pronouns. Personal pro- Indefinite pronouns refer to persons, places, nouns refer to specific people or things. or things in a more general way than nouns do. She sold them to us. Each of the major harbors along the Personal pronouns that indicate possession or Atlantic seaboard has a unique character. ownership are possessive pronouns. They take Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, the place of the possessive forms of nouns. and those) point out specific persons, places, My worry is yours, too. things, or ideas. Reflexive pronouns refer to nouns or other Interrogative pronouns (who, whom, whose, pronouns and indicate that the same persons or which, and what) form questions. things are involved. Relative pronouns begin subject-verb groups The gave themselves a treat. called subordinate clauses. Relative pronouns include who, whom, whose, which, that, what, Intensive pronouns add emphasis to other whoever, whomever, whichever, and whatever. nouns or pronouns. Identifying Pronouns Underline all the pronouns in the sentences below. Above each pronoun, identify it as Per. (personal), Poss. (possessive), Ref. (reflexive), Inten. (intensive), Dem. (demonstrative), Inter. (interrogative), Rel. (relative), or Ind. (indefinite). 1. The evil that men do lives after them.—Shakespeare 2. Adversity introduces a person to himself.—Anonymous 3. You can tell the ideals of a nation by its advertisements.—Douglas Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4. None preaches better than the ant, and she says nothing.—Franklin 5. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.—Franklin Roosevelt 6. He who flees from trial confesses his guilt.—Syrus 7. God helps those who help themselves.—Sydney 8. What is history but a fable agreed upon?—Napoleon 9. He laughs best who laughs last.—English proverb 10. Logic is logic. That’s all I say.—Holmes 11. Have a place for everything, and have everything in its place.—Anonymous 12. All that is not prose passes for poetry.—Crabbe 13. Not all are free who scorn their chains.—Lessing 14. Art! Who comprehends her?—Beethoven 15. The only question is: “Is it true in and for itself?”—Hegel 2 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 10  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 10.3 Action Verbs Key Information A verb is a word that expresses action or a The cat trailed us home. (Us is the direct state of being. An action verb tells what some- object.) one or something does. An intransitive verb is an action verb that is The dog caught the ball in its teeth. not followed by a word that answers the ques- How she yearned to own such an animal. tions what? or whom? A transitive verb is an action verb that is The cat trailed behind us. (Behind us tells followed by a word or words (known as the where.) direct object) that answer the questions what? or whom? Identifying Transitive and Intransitive Action Verbs Underline the action verbs in the sentences below. Write A-T above each action verb that is transitive and A-I above each one that is intransitive. (Some sentences contain more than one action verb.) 1. Many people regard polo as a sport only for the rich. 2. The game probably originated in Persia, now Iran, sometime between the sixth and second centuries B.C. 3. It then spread to Turkey, India, Tibet, China, and Japan. 4. In the nineteenth century British army officers in India frequently played the game. 5. James Gordon Bennett, a U.S. newspaper publisher, imported polo to the United States from England. 6. Enthusiasts in the United States first played the sport indoors. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 7. Even today some polo players prefer the indoor or arena version of the game to the outdoor version. 8. In indoor polo three players play on each team; teams of four play the outdoor game. 9. In tournament play, players have handicaps. 10. Polo players ride fast and nimble horses, and they ride with a tight knee-grip and tight reins. 11. Generally the players own a string of several polo ponies. 12. The ponies often require a year of special training. 13. The players of one team hit a rubber ball through their opponents’ goal posts. 14. They hit from the saddle with flexible, long-handled mallets. 15. The game includes four or six periods, or chukkers, each 7 1/2 minutes long. Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 10 3  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 10.3 Linking Verbs Key Information A linking verb links, or joins, the subject of These verbs can also be used as action verbs. a sentence (often a noun or pronoun) with a To determine whether a verb is used as an word or expression that identifies or describes action or a linking verb, substitute seem for the subject. the verb. If seem can be substituted, the verb is probably a linking verb. The most common linking verb is be in all its forms, including am, is, are, was, were, will be, LINKING: The crowd stayed calm. has been, and was being. (Seemed makes sense.) ACTION: The crowd stayed on the street. Other verbs that can function as linking verbs (Seemed cannot be substituted.) are look, grow, feel, remain, appear, seem, sound, become, taste, stay, and smell. Identifying Linking Verbs Each sentence below contains two underlined verbs. Decide which of the two is a linking verb, and write it in the space provided. __________________ 1. In 1817 a young man who appeared adventurous arrived on a volcanic island in the South Atlantic. __________________ 2. William Glass felt happy there, and he married a local girl, Maria. __________________ 3. In time, William and Maria had sixteen children, all of whom seemed con- tent with their life on the island. __________________ 4. William, who became respected on the island, stayed on Tristan da Cunha until his death in 1853. __________________ 5. Meanwhile, many other seafaring men chose Corporal Glass’s island for a home, since it remained a calm and peaceful place to live. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. __________________ 6. Some of the people who live on Tristan da Cunha today are descendants of Glass and of the other seafaring settlers. __________________ 7. More than a hundred years after William Glass died, his island home again was famous. __________________ 8. In 1961 a new volcano sounded threatening to the 264 islanders, who broadcast an SOS. __________________ 9. They stayed calm until the H.M.S. Leopard, responding to their SOS, arrived to carry them to England. __________________ 10. After two years in England, most of the islanders grew tired of life there and requested transportation back to their island. 4 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 10  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 10.4 Adjectives Key Information An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or Positive Comparative Superlative pronoun by limiting its meaning. good better best old horse leisurely stroll rigid more rigid most rigid second class tragic play high higher highest federal law some money Articles are the adjectives a, an, and the. A and this aim those coats an are called indefinite articles. The is called a few quarrels definite article. Possessive pronouns and nouns are considered Proper adjectives are formed from proper adjectives because they modify nouns. nouns and begin with capital letters. our teacher their music African continent Canadian border Kim’s bike Finnish winters Japanese cars Most adjectives have different forms to indicate their degree of comparison. A. Identifying Adjectives Underline each word that is used as an adjective in the sentences below. (Include articles and proper adjectives.) 1. The Sahel can support a small pastoral population. 2. Nomadic herders, who subsisted on marginal resources, followed rains north into drier areas during the rainy season and retreated to greener southern pastures during dry spells. 3. When the African nations gained their independence in the 1950s and 1960s, they began to receive foreign aid, which included new strains of many crops like cotton and peanuts that could tolerate a short season. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4. Agricultural production overran lands that were once pastures. 5. When agriculture strips the land of its protective vegetative cover, the relentless action of the wind can carry away the bare soil, and the desert advances. B. Using Adjectives On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the exercise below. Complete your paragraph by using an appropriate adjective from the words given below the exercise. The (1) _________________ Chinese philosopher Confucius lived from about 551 to about 497 B.C. This period was an (2) _________________ time in Chinese history. The (3) _________________ barons caused continual wars. The weak (4) _________________ government was unable to maintain peace. Confucius thought that China should try to recapture the (5) _________________ and prosperous order of the past. A famous saying of Confucius is “Learning without thought is fruitless labor; thought without learning is (6)_________________.” quarrelsome central peaceful highest unquiet unbiased famous perilous Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 10 5  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 10.5 Adverbs Key Information An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an Adverbs tell when, where, how, and to what adjective, or another adverb by making its degree or to what extent. meaning more specific. They see her often. (when) Saul carefully arranged the flowers. Rob is asleep downstairs. (where) (modifies verb arranged) Rita drove carefully. (how) Midori was very careful. (modifies adjective Anu hardly visits anymore. (to what careful) degree) Pavlik left quite hastily. (modifies adverb Negative adverbs include the word not, the hastily) contraction -n’t, or other negative words. The lawn is scarcely green. A. Identifying Adverbs Underline the adverbs in the sentences below. Above the adverb write the word(s) each adverb modifies, and identify the part of speech of the word(s) modified by writing V (verb), Adj. (adjective), or Adv. (adverb). (The number of adverbs in each sentence is given in parentheses.) 1. Until the end of the nineteenth century, most New Englanders depended almost entirely on wood for their fuel needs. (2) 2. Meals were usually cooked with wood, and homes were ordinarily heated the same way. (2) 3. When gas, oil, and electricity became cheap and plentiful, they effectively replaced wood as the principal form of producing heat. (1) 4. Now, as fossil fuels are becoming more scarce, some people are again turning to fuels of the past. (3) 5. Evidently, wood is an exceedingly attractive alternative, for about half the homes in New Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. England are already using wood for some of their heat. (3) B. Using Adverbs In the sentences below, fill in each blank with the kind of adverb indicated in parentheses. Reread your completed sentences to make sure they make sense. 1. It _________________ seemed impossible to watch a live broadcast from overseas. (when) 2. In 1964 Syncom III enabled Americans to see the Tokyo Olympics without actually being _________________. (where) 3. _________________ , we have become quite familiar with global television and telephone transmissions that depend on satellites. (when) 4. Plans to expand the capabilities of satellites are going _________________ well. (to what degree) 5. _________________, viewers may be able to dial an area code on their television sets and select a program from Paris, Beijing, Sydney, or almost any other city. (when) 6 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 10  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 10.6 Prepositions Key Information A preposition is a word that shows the rela- A compound preposition is made up of more tionship of a noun or pronoun to some other than one word. word in a sentence. They were late because of the weather. The child ran across the hall. (Across shows Prepositions begin phrases that end with a the relationship between ran and the hall.) noun or a pronoun, called the object of the He was interrupted during his speech. preposition. (During expresses the time relationship He passed the ball over the defenders. between two events.) (Defenders is the object of over.) The extra room is for guests. (For relates the noun room to the noun guests.) Identifying Prepositions Underline all the prepositions in the sentences below. 1. Traditions abound during the Chinese New Year festival. 2. There is a customary exchange of gifts. 3. A colorful parade winds through the streets. 4. After a sumptuous meal, fortune cookies are served. 5. Imagine that your cookie contains a fortune regarding your future. 6. Your fortune may promise love and happiness, among other things. 7. Besides predictions, proverbs or advice may be given. 8. “Success is within your grasp,” one fortune might read. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 9. Surprisingly, fortune cookies are not originally from China. 10. Most fortune cookies are made in the United States. 11. They were first produced in California in 1920. 12. Despite their origins, we still think of fortune cookies as Chinese treats. 13. How do the fortunes get into the cookies? 14. Freshly baked wafers move on a conveyor belt. 15. Workers take them off the belt by hand. 16. The hot wafer is then folded over a fortune. 17. It is bent around a rod by the time the wafer cools. 18. This process cannot safely be done without gloves. 19. Finally, the cookies are allowed to dry into the familiar shape. 20. Workers at one California factory fold 65,000 fortune cookies in a day. Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 10 7  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 10.7–8 Conjunctions and Interjections Key Information A conjunction is a word that joins single words She did not go because she did not have or groups of words. time. Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor; Conjunctive adverbs are used to clarify the for, yet) and correlative conjunctions, which relationship between clauses of equal grammati- work in pairs, join words or groups of words that cal importance. have equal grammatical weight in a sentence. She had very little time; therefore, she did She hoped to go, but she could not. not go. Neither she nor he went. An interjection is a word or phrase that Subordinating conjunctions join two clauses, expresses emotion or exclamation. An inter- or ideas, in such a way as to make one gram- jection has no grammatical connection to matically dependent upon the other. The clause other words. that the subordinating conjunction introduces Oh, she wanted to go. cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence. Identifying Conjunctions and Interjections Label each underlined word in the sentences below as Coor. Conj. (coordinating conjunction), Corr. Conj. (correlative conjunction), Sub. Conj. (subordinating conjunction), Conj. Adv. (conjunctive adverb), or Inter. (interjection). 1. The Maya lived in parts of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Belize. 2. Not only did the Maya develop an advanced form of writing, but also they made significant advances in mathematics and astronomy. 3. Since the Maya based their mathematical system on the number 20, instead of the number Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 10 as in our system, they counted somewhat differently. 4. They used a special symbol to represent zero; furthermore, mathematicians consider the zero one of the world’s greatest inventions. 5. The Maya developed a 365-day calendar, divided into 18 months of 20 days and 5 days at year’s end. 6. Because the Maya considered these last five days to be unlucky, they avoided any unnecessary work during this time. 7. The Maya used herbs to treat illnesses; however, scholars know little else about Maya medicine. 8. The Maya played a game that resembled basketball and was played on specially designed courts. 9. One difference was that the Maya did not toss a rubber ball through a hoop; instead, they hit it with their elbows and hips. 10. The Mayan civilization, alas, disappeared for unknown reasons. 8 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 10  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 11.1–4 Subjects and Predicates Key Information The two basic parts of every sentence are a to the simple predicate. A compound subject subject and a predicate. The simple subject consists of two or more simple subjects that are is the principal noun or pronoun that tells what joined by a conjunction and have the same verb. a sentence is about. The simple predicate is the A compound predicate contains two or more verb or verb phrase that tells about the subject. verbs or verb phrases that are joined by a con- junction and have the same subject. Simple Subject Simple Predicate Snow will continue. In most English sentences, the subject generally precedes the predicate except when a sentence is A complete subject is formed by adding modi- a command (with the subject you understood), fiers to the simple subject, and a complete when it is inverted for emphasis, or when it predicate, by adding modifiers or complements begins with here or there. A. Identifying Subjects and Predicates In the space provided, identify the underlined word or words as SS (simple subject), SP (simple predicate), CS (complete subject), CP (complete predicate), CdS (compound subject), or CdP (compound predicate). _____ 1. Simple and complex organisms develop from a single cell. _____ 2. Inside the membrane of an animal cell is a gelatinous material called cytoplasm. _____ 3. The cytoplasm contains the cell’s nucleus, as well as organelles and other material needed for cellular functions. _____ 4. The nucleus directs and controls the activities of complex cells. _____ 5. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are the two basic parts of a cell. _____ 6. Genetic information in the chromosomes determines the characteristics of an Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. organism. B. Identifying Order of Subject and Predicate In the space provided, write Com. if the sentence is a command and Inv. if the sentence is inverted. _____ 1. Note the division of both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. _____ 2. For the biology exam, review the process of mitosis, or cell division. _____ 3. There are four stages in the process of mitosis. _____ 4. Know that the four stages are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. _____ 5. In the experiment are many different live organisms. Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 11 9  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 11.5 Direct Objects and Indirect Objects Key Information A complement is a word or group of words An indirect object answers the questions to that completes the meaning of a verb. The four whom? for whom? to what? or for what? after kinds of complements are direct objects, indirect an action verb. objects, object complements, and subject The music gives me inspiration. (This music complements. gives inspiration to whom?) A direct object answers the questions what? or Joel’s aunt bought him the guitar. (Joel’s whom? after an action verb. aunt bought the guitar for whom?) They gave his performance their undivided America’s farmers produce abundant crops. attention. (They gave their undivided atten- (produce what?) tion to what?) Agricultural scientists help farmers by applying new techniques to crop produc- tion. (help whom?) A. Identifying Direct Objects Underline the direct object in each of the sentences below. 1. “I hate quotations.”—Ralph Waldo Emerson 2. “The cat in gloves catches no mice.”—Benjamin Franklin 3. “A rolling stone gathers no moss.”—Publilius Syrus 4. “People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.”—George Herbert 5. “Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.”—Aesop B. Identifying Indirect Objects Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Underline the indirect object in each of the sentences below. If a sentence has no indirect object, write None in the space provided. _____ 1. White blood cells give the body a strong defense against invasive organisms. _____ 2. Without the activity of white blood cells, or “leukocytes,” countless diseases would have left humans extinct long ago. _____ 3. The body sends the site of a wound a special leukocyte fatal to bacteria. _____ 4. A second kind of leukocyte offers the body protection from unwanted chemical compounds. _____ 5. The lymphocyte, a third kind of leukocyte, gives our lymph system a useful ability. _____ 6. The lymphocytes make us necessary antibodies. _____ 7. Special “memory” cells guarantee us protection against a future invasion by the same antigen. _____ 8. Vaccinations give humans protection from dreaded diseases. 10 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 11  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 11.5 Object Complements Key Information An object complement answers the question latitudes makes American farmers success- what? after a direct object. The object comple- ful. (adjective) ment completes the meaning of the direct object Soil and climate make the American farmer by identifying or describing it. An object comple- a top producer. (noun) ment may be an adjective, a noun, or a pronoun. Above all, the hard work of many farmers North America’s location in the mid- makes the credit theirs. (pronoun) A. Identifying Object Complements Underline the object complement in each of the sentences below. 1. Many connoisseurs of monster films elect the 1950s the best decade for space monsters. 2. Some consider The Thing, released in 1951, the scariest space-invader film. 3. The “thing”—a horrible eight-foot man-vegetable—makes the Arctic its home. 4. Eventually a group of army scientists render it lifeless in an electric trap. 5. A small clique of fans calls The Blob (1958) the best space-monster film of the period. 6. A young Steve McQueen makes this movie his with a fine performance as the main character. 7. A great many monster-movie buffs consider undersea monsters wonderful. 8. A scaly monster in The Creature from the Black Lagoon fancies the scientist-heroine his. 9. A fellow scientist appoints himself her rescuer. 10. In a typical ending the heroine finds the scientist more attractive than the monster. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. B. Identifying Object Complements In the sentences below, underline the object complement(s) and put parentheses around the direct object modified by each complement. 1. The president, with the Senate’s approval, appointed her ambassador to that small Pacific island nation. 2. They found the shoreline rocky and refused to walk there. 3. The general’s excessive caution proved the slow approach a disaster. 4. The combination of the large lunch and the long lecture made the students sleepy. 5. They consider her the team spokesperson. 6. The speaker called him trustworthy, but the audience thought otherwise. 7. In hope of a solution for the country’s problems, voters elected him president. 8. The judges chose her the winner after an acrimonious debate. 9. The builder named some of the streets of the new development Susan, James, and Elizabeth. 10. The wind’s fury rendered the sails useless for the rest of the voyage. Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 11 11  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 11.5 Subject Complements Key Information A subject complement follows a subject and A computer is a machine. a linking verb and identifies or describes the A predicate adjective follows a linking verb subject. The two kinds of subject complements and points back to the subject and further are predicate nominatives and predicate describes it. adjectives. This computer is slow. A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and points back to the subject to identify it further. A. Identifying Predicate Nominatives Underline the predicate nominative in each of the quotations below. 1. “Tomorrow will be a new day.” 2. “Honesty’s the best policy.” 3. “Even a beggar is somebody.” 4. “The thing of which I have most fear is fear.” 5. “Veracity is the heart of morality.” 6. “Knowledge is power.” 7. “Procrastination is the thief of time.” 8. “The better part of valor is discretion.” 9. “Literature is my Utopia.” 10. “A little learning is a dangerous thing.” Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. B. Identifying Predicate Adjectives Underline the predicate adjective in each of the sentences below. 1. The idea of bionic body parts has become very common in science fiction. 2. The mechanical arms and legs, and even internal organs, of today’s science fiction characters seem ordinary. 3. The possibility of a bionic brain still seems improbable to most of us. 4. To Dr. Adam Reed, however, it appears quite likely. 5. Reed, a psychologist at Rockefeller University, feels optimistic about a connection between brain and computer. 6. Theoretically, the computer’s stored information would be directly available to the brain. 7. Years of education might suddenly become unnecessary. 8. For a number of reasons, direct brain-computer communication is not now possible. 9. Nonetheless, the computer hookup should be feasible in the next fifty years. 10. In fact, computers themselves are becoming more and more “human.” 12 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 11  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 12.1 Prepositional Phrases Key Information A prepositional phrase is a group of words She is a candidate for mayor. (adjective that begins with a preposition and usually ends phrase modifying the noun candidate) with a noun or pronoun, called the object of the Which of these do you prefer? (adjective preposition. A preposition may have more than phrase modifying the pronoun which) one object. A prepositional phrase normally acts Keith jumped into the swimming pool. as an adjective or an adverb. When it acts as an (adverb phrase modifying the verb jumped) adjective, a prepositional phrase modifies a She is upset about the automobile acci- noun or a pronoun. When it acts as an adverb, dent. (adverb phrase modifying the adjec- a prepositional phrase modifies a verb, an tive upset) adjective, or another adverb. The concert started soon after sunset. (adverb phrase modifying the adverb soon) A. Identifying Prepositional Phrases Underline the prepositional phrases in the sentences below. The number of prepositional phrases in each sentence is given in parentheses. 1. At most lumberyards protection for the employees’ health is simply a matter of hard hats, work gloves, and steel-toed shoes. (3) 2. Scherer Brothers Lumber Company in Minneapolis, Minnesota, also pays attention to the physical health of its staff. (3) 3. In 1979 the company set up a “wellness” program. (1) 4. Cigarette and candy machines were banished from the company premises. (1) 5. The firm provides low-fat, low-salt meals to its office staff. (1) 6. The no-smoking signs in the yard and in the showroom are not simply precautions Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. against fire. (3) 7. These signs also restrict the use of tobacco to certain areas. (2) 8. Sedentary office workers do a few minutes of isometric exercises at their typewriters or switchboards. (2) 9. Voluntary exercise is recommended for workers in the yard. (2) 10. Scherer Brothers Company has received rebates from its insurance company for its small number of claims. (3) B. Identifying Adjective and Adverb Phrases Underline the prepositional phrase in each sentence. In the space provided write Adj. if the phrase is acting as an adjective. Write Adv. if the phrase is acting as an adverb. _____ 1. During the storm the tree fell. _____ 2. Each of the dancers won an award. _____ 3. Lauren is extremely angry about the accident. _____ 4. The young man in the blue sweatshirt is Luis. _____ 5. Kari was nervous during her interview. Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 12 13  Grammar Practice Name...................................................................................... Class.................................................. Date................................ 12.2 Appositives and Appositive Phrases Key Information An appositive is a noun or pronoun that is An appositive phrase is an appositive plus any placed next to another noun or pronoun to words that modify the appositive. identify or give additional information about it. The loon, a diving bird that eats fish, has Our dog Sniffles will be twelve years old. a cry that sounds like a wail, a yodel, or a (The appositive Sniffles identifies the noun laugh. (The appositive phrase a diving bird dog.) that eats fish gives more information about the noun loon.) A. Identifying Appositives and Appositive Phrases Underline the appositives and appositive phrases in the sentences below. (Some sentences have more than one.) 1. The lemur, a relative of the monkey, has large eyes and a long tail. 2. Prairie dogs, small burrowing rodents, live in large colonies in the southwestern and Rocky Mountain states. 3. The constellation Ursa Minor, the Little Bear or Little Dipper, contains the North Star, Polaris. 4. One city named for an American president is Lincoln, the capital of Nebraska. 5. The slide rule, an instrument for rapid mathematical calculations, has been virtually replaced by the calculator. 6. In hieroglyphics, an ancient Egyptian form of script, pictures and symbols represent words, syllables, and sounds. 7. The symbol of the medical profession is the caduceus, Mercury’s staff of two coiled Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. serpents. 8. In a double-blind experiment, a common type of medical research, the researchers do not know who is receiving a drug and who is receiving a placebo. 9. Phaethon, the sun god’s son in ancient Greek and Roman mythology, tried unsuccessfully to drive the sun god’s chariot across the sky. 10. My friend Jonelle rode a brindle horse, one with a gray coat with darker streaks. B. Using Appositives and Appositive Phrases Use five appositives that you identified above to write five original sentences. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________________ 14 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Practice Workbook, Grade 12, Unit 12