Grade 11 HOSA Study Guide - Neurology (PDF)

Neurology Grade 11 HOSA Study Guide  Definition Neurology Neurology is the study of the different diseases impacting the nervous system along with the diagnostic and treatment procedures associated with these diseases. Neuroscience vs Neurology Neuroscience is the study of...

Neurology Grade 11 HOSA Study Guide  Definition Neurology Neurology is the study of the different diseases impacting the nervous system along with the diagnostic and treatment procedures associated with these diseases. Neuroscience vs Neurology Neuroscience is the study of the functions of the nervous system while neurology is specifically related to diseases. 01 Diseases & Disorders You can enter a subtitle here if you need it Meningitis - Inflammation of meninges of the brain and spinal cord. This condition is characterized by intense headaches and flu like symptoms Meningioma - Slow growing usually benign tumor of the meninges Hydrocephalus - Condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of brain Meningocele - Congenital herniation of the meninges through defect in skull or spinal cord( congenital means present at birth) Encephalocele - Congenital herniation of brain tissue through gap in skull Tourette Syndrome - Complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics, grunts and compulsive utterances Tetanus - Also known as lockjaw is an infection of the central nervous system caused by toxin produced by tetanus bacteria. This is acquired through deep puncture wound Reye’s Syndrome - Serious and potentially deadly disorder in children characterized by vomiting and confusion. Encephalitis - inflammation of the brain caused by viral infection like rabies Dementia - Slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking and judgement that is often accompanied by personality changes. Senile Dementia - Dementia of the Aged Parkinson’s Disease - Chronic degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscles tremors, rigidity and slow or shuffling gait. Caused due to inadequate neurotransmitter dopamine Als - Also known as Lou Gehrig's diseases is a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles. Cranial Hematoma - Collection of blood trapped in tissues of the brain Brain Tumor - Abnormal growth in skull Malignant Brain Tumour destroys the brain tissue. Benign Brain Tumour does not invade the brain tissue. Bell’s Palsy - Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that cause paralysis of the face only on one side. Paralysis symptoms also include inability to close the eye, pain tering, drooling and hypersensitivity to sound Guillain Barre Syndrome - An inflammation of the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves characterized by rapidly worsening muscles that can lead to temporary paralysis. This rare condition is an autoimmune reaction that can occur after viral infection or an immunization Neuritis - Inflammation of the nerve Trigeminal neuralgia - Characterized by severe lightning like pain due to inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve. Affects cheek lip and gums on one side of the face Multiple Sclerosis - Progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath. This disorder scars the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve Ischemic Stroke - Flow of blood to the brain is blocked by narrowing or blockage of carotid artery Cerebral Palsy - Condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects and other neurological deficiencies which affect the cerebrum Epilepsy - Condition in which episodes of varying seizures occur of varying severity. Seizure - surge of electrical activity that affects how a person feels or acts Peripheral neuropathy - Disorder of the peripheral nerves. This produces the loss of sensation and inability to control muscles particularly in arms and legs Restless legs syndrome - Neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable feeling in legs which produces urge to move them Myelitis - Inflammation of spinal cord Myelosis - Tumour of the spinal cord Poliomyelitis - Known as polio is highly contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord that sometimes leads to paralysis. Diagnostic Procedures MRI and CT - Neuroimaging tools that facilitate the examination of soft tissue structures Carotid ultrasonography - The ultrasound study of the of the carotid artery. Use to detect chances of ischemic stroke Echoencephalography - The use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes Electroencephalography - The process of the recording the electrical activity of the brain though the use of the electrodes attaches to the suck. Myelography - Study of the spinal cord after contrast medium is injected through lumbar puncture Electromyography - Utilizes electrodes taped to the skin to measure the transfer of electrical signals in peripheral nerves Lumbar puncture - Also known as spinal tap is the process of obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting needle into subarachnoid space of lumbar region to withdraw fluid Treatments Hypnotic - Medication with the main purposes of depressing the central nervous system and causes sleep Deep Brain Stimulation - Neurological procedure used for the treatment of dystonia, tremors and Parkinson's Disease. During this treatment a device is used to the stimulate the brain with mild electrical signals which is implanted in the brain and is connected to stimulator implanted near collar bone Electroconvulsive therapy - Also known as electroshock therapy is a procedure in which small amounts of electric currents is the passed through the brain Lobectomy - Surgical removal of a portion of the brain to treat brain cancer or seizure that can't be controlled with medication Thalamotomy - Surgical incision into the thalamus. Use to treat Parkinson’s Disease Transcranial Magnetic stimulation - Uses powerful electromagnetic pulses in alter electrical pathways in the brain GOOD LUCK!