Grade 11 HOSA Neurology Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of myelography?

To study the spinal cord after contrast medium injection (correct)

To remove a portion of the brain

To measure electrical activity in muscles

To treat depression through electrical impulses

Which procedure involves the measurement of electrical signals in peripheral nerves?

Electromyography (correct)

Lobectomy

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Deep Brain Stimulation

What does a lumbar puncture primarily achieve?

Removes a portion of the brain

Relieves symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Obtains cerebrospinal fluid for analysis (correct)

Measures brain electrical activity

Which treatment specifically involves the implantation of a device to stimulate the brain?

Deep Brain Stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transcranial magnetic stimulation?

To alter electrical pathways in the brain using electromagnetic pulses Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates neurology from neuroscience?

Neurology is specifically related to diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord?

Meningitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin from tetanus bacteria?

Lockjaw Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a benign tumor of the meninges?

Meningioma Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulating in the brain's ventricles?

Hydrocephalus Signup and view all the answers

Which neurological disorder is characterized by involuntary tics and compulsive utterances?

Tourette Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the progressive decline in mental abilities commonly associated with aging?

Dementia Signup and view all the answers

Which neurological disorder is caused by inadequate levels of dopamine?

Parkinson's Disease Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by rapidly worsening muscles that can lead to temporary paralysis?

Guillain Barre Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with paralysis?

Inability to close the eye Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is associated with the condition known as neuritis?

Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic procedure is used to detect conditions that may lead to an ischemic stroke?

Carotid ultrasonography Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes trigeminal neuralgia?

Lightning-like pain in the face Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of Multiple Sclerosis?

Demyelination of myelin sheath Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by an uncomfortable feeling in the legs leading to the urge to move them?

Restless Legs Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Guillain Barre Syndrome is true?

It can follow a viral infection or immunization. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neurology Overview

Neurology studies diseases affecting the nervous system, involving diagnostic and treatment processes.
Neuroscience focuses on nervous system functions, while neurology addresses specific diseases.

Major Diseases & Disorders

Meningitis: Inflammation of brain and spinal cord meninges; symptoms include severe headaches and flu-like signs.
Meningioma: A benign, slow-growing tumor located on the meninges.
Hydrocephalus: Excess cerebrospinal fluid builds up in the brain's ventricles.
Meningocele: A congenital condition where the meninges herniate through a defect in the skull or spine.
Encephalocele: Congenital herniation of brain tissue through a gap in the skull.
Tourette Syndrome: A neurological disorder with involuntary tics and compulsive sounds.
Tetanus: An infection from a toxin produced by bacteria, leads to lockjaw; often contracted from deep wounds.
Reye’s Syndrome: A serious childhood condition causing vomiting and confusion.
Encephalitis: Brain inflammation often caused by viral infections like rabies.
Dementia: Progressive decline in mental functions, including memory and judgment; often with personality changes.
Senile Dementia: Aged-related dementia.
Parkinson’s Disease: Chronic disorder marked by tremors, rigidity, and slow movement due to dopamine deficiency.
ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease): Rapidly progressive, affecting voluntary muscle control.
Cranial Hematoma: Blood accumulation within brain tissues.
Brain Tumor: Abnormal growth within the skull, can be malignant (invasive) or benign (non-invasive).
Bell’s Palsy: Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve, affecting one side of the face.
Guillain Barre Syndrome: Inflammation of peripheral nerves leading to temporary paralysis; often follows a viral infection.
Neuritis: Inflammation of a nerve.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Severe facial pain linked to the fifth cranial nerve.
Multiple Sclerosis: Autoimmune disease resulting in inflammation and demyelination of the nervous system.
Ischemic Stroke: Blockage of blood flow to the brain via carotid artery narrowing.
Cerebral Palsy: Affects muscle control and coordination due to brain abnormalities.
Epilepsy: Condition characterized by recurrent seizures due to excessive electrical activity in the brain.
Peripheral Neuropathy: Disorder leading to loss of sensation and muscle control, primarily in limbs.
Restless Legs Syndrome: Urge to move legs due to uncomfortable sensations.
Myelitis: Inflammation of the spinal cord.
Myelosis: Tumor presence in the spinal cord.
Poliomyelitis (Polio): Contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord, potentially causing paralysis.

Diagnostic Procedures

MRI and CT: Imaging tools for examining soft tissue structures.
Carotid Ultrasonography: Ultrasound detecting risk of ischemic stroke via carotid artery examination.
Echoencephalography: Ultrasound imaging creating detailed brain visualizations.
Electroencephalography (EEG): Records brain electrical activity using attached electrodes.
Myelography: Studying the spinal cord after injecting contrast medium.
Electromyography: Measures electrical signals in peripheral nerves with surface electrodes.
Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): Procedure to obtain cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbar region.

Treatments

Hypnotics: Medications depressing the central nervous system, inducing sleep.
Deep Brain Stimulation: Treatment for conditions like Parkinson's; involves implanting a device providing mild electrical brain stimulation.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Passes electric currents through the brain; used for severe mental health conditions.
Lobectomy: Surgical removal of brain portions for cancer or uncontrolled seizures.
Thalamotomy: Surgical incision in the thalamus to alleviate Parkinson’s symptoms.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Employs electromagnetic pulses to modify brain electrical pathways.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of neurology in this Grade 11 HOSA study guide. The quiz covers various diseases impacting the nervous system, including meningitis and the difference between neuroscience and neurology. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of neurological disorders.