Attack of Turks on India - Ghazni Dynasty PDF
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Summary
This document provides a detailed account of the Ghazni dynasty, covering its founders, key figures, and significant events, including military campaigns into India. It's a good resource for insights into the historical context of the Ghazni dynasty.
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# Attack of Turks on India ## Ghazni Dynasty - Founder: Alp-Tegin - Year: In 962 AD. - He was a Turkish slave commander. - Gulam Pirai was his successor. - He defeated the son of Jaipal. - His successor was Subuktagin. ### Subuktagin - He was a slave and son-in-law of Alp-Tegin. - He establi...
# Attack of Turks on India ## Ghazni Dynasty - Founder: Alp-Tegin - Year: In 962 AD. - He was a Turkish slave commander. - Gulam Pirai was his successor. - He defeated the son of Jaipal. - His successor was Subuktagin. ### Subuktagin - He was a slave and son-in-law of Alp-Tegin. - He established the Yamini dynasty in 977 AD. - He became the ruler of Ghazni in 977 AD. - In 986 AD, Subuktagin attacked the Hindu ruler Jaypal in Kabul and Jalalabad. - He won. - He died in 997 AD. - Before his death, he announced his younger son, Ismael, as his successor. - Mahmud Ghaznawi, the eldest son of Subuktagin, killed Ishmael in 998 AD. - (After seven months becoming king). ## Mahmud of Ghazni - Birth: 1 November 971 AD. - Name of dynasty: Yamini dynasty. - Ruler: 998 - 1030 AD (Became ruler at age of 27). - Titles: - Sultan-e-Aajam. (First ruler to hold the title of sultan). - Yamin-ul-Millah. - Hero of Islam. - This title was given by the Caliph of Bagdad, Al-Kadir. - Yamin-ud-daula. - But-shikan (Idol breaker) - Gazi ## Invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni on India - (Year 1001 AD - 1027 AD) - Attacked India for 17 times. - Time of Invasion: September - October - March - April ### First Attack - 1001 AD. - On the ruler of the Royal dynasty (He was descendant of Kanishka.) - His region: From Chenab River to the Hindkush Mountain (Kabul + Punjab). - War 1001 AD - Mahmud of Ghazni vs Jaypal. - Result: Jaypal defeated completely by him. (Committed suicide). - Successor: Anand pal - Tri lochanpal - Bheempal. ### 2nd - 1001 - 1002: On Hindushahi rulers (Took over Waihind). ### 3rd - 1004: Attack on the ruler of Kutchh (Wajira). ### 4th - 1005: Multan ### 5th - 1007: Punjab ### 6th - 1008: Punjab + Nagar Kot ### 7th - 1009: Alwar ### 8th - 1010: Multan ### 9th - 1013: Thaneshwar ### 10th - 1013: Hindushahi states ### 11th - 1015: Kashmir ### 12th - 1018: Mathura + Kannauj ## Sixteenth Attack: - In 1025 AD. - On Somnath temple (Skir temple) in Saurashtra, Gujrat. - This temple was established by Chandrader himself. - Ruler: Bheem 1st. - He murdered 50,000 Hindus during the attack. - He got the most wealth. (65 tonns Gold). - In 1026, Chalukya ruler, Bhim pal 1st, renovated it. - In 1169 AD, Kumar Pal reconstructed it. - In 1669 AD, Aurangzeb destroyed this temple again. - In 1765, Ahilyabai reconstructed it - In 1950, Sardar Patel reconstructed it. - On 1 May 1961, Consecration of the temple was done by President Rajendra Prasad. - On 1 December 1995, President of India, Shankar Dayal Sharma dedicated it to the nation. - Design of temple (Made by Prabhashankar. ### 17th Attack: - (Last attack) - In 1027 AD. - On Jagts of Sindh (Khokhar fort) near Agra in Bhera. - Mahmud Ghazni constructed university in Ghazni. - He had two sons: - Masood - Muhammad - In 1030, after the death of Mahmud Ghaznawi, Masood was his successor. - Mahmud Ghazni appointed two commander-in-chief: - Sanwed ram - Tilak ## The main scholars of Court of Mahmud of Ghazni - **[1] Al-Beruni.** - Title: Abu-Rehan-Muhammad. - Book: _Kitabul - Hind_ (written in the Arabic language) - It contains Indian history + Geography + Science + Maths + Astronomy, and was described by a royal astrologer. - He was the first muslim to study _Purans_. - Hindi translation by Rajnikant Sharma. - English translation by Edward Sachau. - **[2] Firdaushi** - He was called _Homar_ of _East_ (Persia). - He composed _Shahnama_. - He was scholar of _Philosphy_. - He composed it in the Persian language. - Contained 1000 verses. - He committed suicide after being insulted in the _court_. - **[3] Uttabi** - He composed _Tarikhe - Yamini_. - _Tushi_ was Khurasani _Scholary_. - It was called _Kitabul Yamin_. - It was written in the Arabic language. - He was the secretary of Mahmud. - **[4] Abul Fazal Bayhaqi.** - He was called _Pops_ of _East_. - He was a poet in the court of Subuktagin. - He was a royal _Poet_ and _teacher_. - He wrote _Tarikh - E - Subukt agin_. - **[5] Khwaja Ahmad.** - He was minister of Mahmud of Ghazni. - **[6] Farabi** - **[7] Uchri** - **[8]
