Gender And Society PDF

GENDER AND SOCIETY BSMEDTECH-2A│FINALS│INSTRUCTOR: C. MAGLANGIT│Capitol University Global Gender Issues a. Physical abuse Global gender issues link the disparities...

GENDER AND SOCIETY BSMEDTECH-2A│FINALS│INSTRUCTOR: C. MAGLANGIT│Capitol University Global Gender Issues a. Physical abuse Global gender issues link the disparities b. Emotional/Psychological abuse between and among men and women. The c. Financial/Economic abuse biased treatment of individuals based on gender is a deeply rooted problem in most Physical Abuse societies. Through history, theoretical May result in physical injury, or in some cases analysis, visual imagery, and other narrative be life-threatening. techniques, human societies have Psychological Abuse gendered the divisions of power, labor, and Most common type of violence and is resources. deemed by many as the worst kind of abuse. OBJECTIVES Economic Abuse At the end of this chapter, students will be able to; A form of violence in which the abuser uses Identify the various forms of abuses against money to control his partner. It is also women’s rights constructed to isolate a woman into a state Familiarize Philippine laws that empower of complete dependence. women Empathize with the struggles of the LGBT community Gender and Human Rights After World War 2 in 1948, the United Nations General Assembly decided to implement a Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) as the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world. However, despite this global effort the recognition of the fundamental rights of all human beings, regardless of their sex, gender, language, religion, or political opinion, remains far from Abuse usually happens within a defined universal. cycle, and you might be familiar with the patterns if you are a victim of domestic Forms of Violence against Women violence. The cycles of abuse are: According to the United Nations I. Building Tension: this is when external Development Fund for Women (2009), stressors may start building within the abuser. violence against women is a widespread Family issues, trouble at work, fatigue, and violation of fundamental human rights and physical illness can fuel the tension. On the an enduring form of gender-based other hand, the victim becomes anxious prejudice. It Moccurs in every society and and hyperalert and tries not to set them off. affects most women, regardless of their age They become extra supportive both or social and economic status. physically and emotionally. Violence against women, particularly II. The Incident: the abuser eventually releases intimate partner violence and sexual this tension on others, seeking to regain violence is a significant public health power and control over them. Abuse may problem and a violation of women's human include insults or name-calling, threats of rights. This can negatively affect women's harm or destruction, sexual or physical physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive violence, and emotional manipulation. They health. end up accusing you of making them mad. III. Reconciliation: after the Incident, the 1. Domestic Violence. tension gradually begins to fade. The This form of violence occurs when one abusers then use kindness, gifts, and loving person tries to assert power over their gestures to usher in a “honeymoon” stage. partner. It can be emotional, financial, This behavior can make you feel more physical, or sexual abuse. The major types of closely knitted and believe you have your abuse committed against women relationship back. experiencing domestic violence are: IV. Calm: At this point, both parties come up with a reason or explanation to justify the SANTOS, A&J│Page 1 of 4  GENDER AND SOCIETY BSMEDTECH-2A│FINALS│INSTRUCTOR: C. MAGLANGIT│Capitol University abuse. The abusive partner may apologize while blaming others, blame external factors, minimize the abuse or deny it happened, or accuse the victim of provoking them. The abuser shows plenty of remorse and assures you it won’t happen again. You begin to accept their excuses and even doubt your memory of the abuse. There is relief from the physical and emotional tensions and pains associated with this respite. The cycle then repeats over time, and the length between each repetition may vary. You should note that cycles may vary even in the same relationship. Understanding the Profound Impact of Physical Abuse on Mental Health The journey of understanding the impact of physical abuse on mental health begins with acknowledging the depth of the trauma inflicted. o Physical abuse isn't merely a physical act; it's an assault on one's sense of safety, trust, and self-worth. Understanding the Profound Impact of Physical Abuse on Mental Health The journey of understanding the impact of 2. Rape and Sexual Assault. physical abuse on mental health begins with This type of violence is one of the worst and acknowledging the depth of the trauma most heinous forms of assault on a human to inflicted. another that can be afflicted. It occurs if a o The incessant fear, hypervigilance, woman is forced to participate in a sexual and flashbacks haunt survivors, act without her consent. This may take the creating a perpetual state of form of coercion or physical violence. This emotional distress. It disrupts their violence is also a distressing crime for the ability to trust and form healthy victim, and the effects can last for a long relationships, leaving lasting scars time. Women who are victims of rape and that extend beyond the physical sexual assault usually are traumatized and realm. suffer from acute stress, anxiety, and intense emotions. No form of Domestic violence should be endured because it will never get better. 3. Postitution You do not have to wait for an emergency This type of violence is the act of engaging to seek help. in promiscuous sexual relations, especially Breaking these cycles of abuse is very for money. Involvement in prostitution is important because they are the reason rarely a freely-entered choice for a woman. victims of domestic violence find it difficult Most women involved in prostitution are to leave the situation. poor, abused, and have low self-esteem o The first step to breaking the cycle is which limits their capacity to identify admitting there is one. alternative income-generating o Recognize that the incident period is opportunities. who your partner really is, and the Notably, the Philippines has an unfortunate "honeymoon" stage is just an act for reputation for prostitution like some other them to get control. After that, seek Southeast Asian countries. The Philippines is help. the fourth among the most prostituted children in the world which are estimated from 300,000 to 500, 000 individuals of which SANTOS, A&J│Page 2 of 4  GENDER AND SOCIETY BSMEDTECH-2A│FINALS│INSTRUCTOR: C. MAGLANGIT│Capitol University 75,000 to 100,000 of them are children procedure results in death), the right to (Tamayo and Jalea, 2017) freedom from torture and cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or 4. Human Trafficking punishment, and the rights of the child. It is the recruitment, transport, and transfer of persons with or without their consent or In many societies, FGM/C is a rite of passage knowledge within or across national borders to womanhood with strong ancestral and using different forms of coercion, including sociocultural roots. Rationalizations for the abduction, deception, and fraud. procedure's perpetuation include the The undocumented women overseas preservation of ethnic and gender identity, Filipino workers (OFWs) are vulnerable to femininity, female "purity," and family honor; being victims of trafficking for forced the maintenance of cleanliness and health; labor or prostitution. Anti-trafficking in and assurance of women's marriageability. Persons Act (RA 9208 of 2003) is one In many contexts, social acceptance is the landmark legislation to uphold human primary reason for continuing the practice. rights, especially for women and children. Undocumented Source: Health and human rights journal (2018) FGM/C is prevalent in 30 countries in Africa "As reported over the past five years, human and several countries in Asia and the Middle traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in East. The practice has also been reported the Philippines, and traffickers exploit victims from among certain ethnic groups in Central and the Philippines abroad. Traffickers exploit women South America. The rise in international and children from rural communities, conflict- and migration has increased the number of girls disaster-affected areas, and impoverished urban and women in Europe, the United States, centers in sex trafficking, forced domestic work, Australia, and Canada who have forced begging, and other forms of forced labor in undergone or may undergo the practice. tourist destinations and urban areas around the o Despite overall declines in rates of country. FGM/C, high rates of population Family members sell children to employers growth in practicing countries means for domestic labor or sexual exploitation, that the number of affected women and hundreds of thousands of children and girls will likely increase by 2030. It involved in selling and begging on the is estimated that more than 200 streets are vulnerable to trafficking. One million girls and women worldwide study found that approximately 50,000 are living with the effects of FGM/C Filipino children are employed as domestic and that every year approximately workers in the Philippines, including nearly 3.6 million girls and women are at risk 5,000 who are younger than the age of 15. of FGM/C. https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-trafficking-in- persons-report/Philippines 5. Female Genital Mutilation. FGM involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia of a girl for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. It is an act of violence against women and children because it can cause irreparable harm to female genitalia and reproductive organs. Female Genital Mutilation is performed 6. Forced Marriage. mainly on children and adolescents and has a ritual origin. The procedure is painful and This type of violence occurs when the bride traumatic, and there are no health benefits. does not want to marry the groom but is o It violates a series of human rights forced to by others, usually their families. This principles, including the principles of type of marriage may be traumatic equality and non- discrimination on the especially for women because they feel basis of sex, the right to life (when the they no longer have control over their lives. A forced marriage is one that takes place at SANTOS, A&J│Page 3 of 4  GENDER AND SOCIETY BSMEDTECH-2A│FINALS│INSTRUCTOR: C. MAGLANGIT│Capitol University any age without the consent of one or both In the Philippines; people in the marriage. There were 421 cases of sexual harassment at the workplace reported to the Philippine National Police between the years 2016- 2021. On the average, about 70 cases were reported per year. the highest number of reported cases was in the year 2017, with 100 cases, and dropped to 58 cases at the onslaught of pandemic. Source:https://www.gppb.gov.ph United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recently revealed that the Philippines is the 12th highest when it comes to child marriages in the world at 726,000. Some 15% of girls get married off before they even hit 18. Out of this, 2% get married before 15. 7. Sexual Harrasment It occurs when unwanted conduct has the purpose or effect of violating a person's dignity and creating, a degrading, hostile, humiliating, or offensive environment for the person. It can take the form of actions, gestures, spoken or written words, pictures, etc. Harassment against women reinforces women's subordination to men in society, violates women's dignity, and creates health and safety issues. Sexual harassment is an act, or a series of acts, involving any unwelcome sexual advances, request or demand for sexual favor, or other verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature. SANTOS, A&J│Page 4 of 4