Gender and Society (reviewer).pdf

Gender and Society Gender Identity A person’s internal sense of whether they are Lesson 1: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality male or female both or neither...

Gender and Society Gender Identity A person’s internal sense of whether they are Lesson 1: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality male or female both or neither -same as the sex they were assigned at birth Sex- is a biological assignment (cisgender) or not (transgender) -biological dimension -depends on sexual anatomy and physiology Transgender- people whose biological sex does not align with their gender identity 1. Genitalia: vagina for female; penis for male 2. Chromosomes: 23 pair chromosomes; XY Sexual Orientation for male and XX for female -emotional and sexual attraction to a person 3. Level of Hormones: Testosterone is higher in males while Progesterone and Estrogen are Common Terms higher in females 1. Heterosexuals- attracted to the opposite sex 2. Homosexuals- attracted to the same sex Intersex- is a general term used for a variety of 3. Bisexuals- attracted to both sexes conditions in which a person is born with a 4. LGBTQIA+: is an abbreviation for lesbian, reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or seem to fit the typical definitions of female or questioning, intersex, asexual, and more. male (previously called hermaphroditism, now These terms are used to describe a person's recognized as DSD or Difference in Sexual sexual orientation or gender identity. Development). Sexuality Hermaphroditism- a conglomerate of male and -the way we experience or feel sexuality female organs through emotions, and experiences from deeply different personal situations Gender- is the cultural and societal attachment to sex GENDERBREAD PERSON -social dimension -is a representation of Gender Identity, Gender -parents set expectations on the behavior of Expression, Biological Sex, and Sexual their children (heteronormativity) Orientation of people in society. Heteronormativity- set of behaviors and whether it conforms or not to the expectations relative to one’s biological sex  Men- Productive sphere Foraging society- wealth is the main cause of gender disparity -happened when people began to own properties -only male heirs can inherit wealth and properties Gender Disparity- intensified during the industrial era (workforce) - the rise of factories - physical strength is favored Patriarchy - is a social construct - society is ruled by men - male supremacy - Friedrich Engles (German sociologist) suggested patriarchy began when people started to own properties or have a communal way of living as well as male heirs were the only ones to inherit the wealth and properties of Lesson 2: Gender and Sexuality Across the family Time - came from the Greek word patriarkhes which means ruling father Divine Feminine- high regard for women -treated equally with men Historical Views on Gender (mostly women) -sacred or sacral because they can conceive 1. Greece - viewed women as the inferior sex Egalitarian- a kind of society where women are - properties of men equal to men - must bear children and take care of household Women- Reproductive sphere - are not allowed to have a good education 2. Egypt - the goal is that society should - women enjoyed higher social status recognize women are not to be treated - allowed to engage in trade and politics as mere properties - Hatshepsut: 5th pharaoh, ruling first as regent then as queen regnant  2nd Wave (1960s to 80s) - the focus was to have the right to 3. China education, work, and equal pay - Confucianism - challenged traditional roles and - women should obey their father representation of women, roles in society, - obey their husband when married and family roles - obey their son when widowed - Queer theory began to be established Forms of Oppression  3rd Wave (90s to present) 1. Sexism - challenged middle-class orientation 2. Gender pay gap - women enjoyed more rights 3. Underrepresentation - began to embrace individuality (freely 4. Rape: victim-blaming express themselves, speak, act, and 5. Conservative expectations of women behave) 6. Sexualized depictions of women - women are free to choose how they live 7. Women are expected to do more housework their life and childcare - broadened the agenda of working-class women and women of color Feminism - non-feminine women’s concerns are noted -gender equality advocation -all people to be treated equally  4th Wave (2010s to present) - relates to the oppression of women and non- - focuses on an intersectional (considers binary gender identities and expressions the many ways each woman experiences discrimination) approach to feminism Timeline of the Feminist Movement - empowerment of women  1st Wave (19th century to early 20th century) - impact of media including the internet and -suffrage period social media -the focus was on securing voting and - feminism now tackles gender equal rights intersectionality, trans rights, women and -to legally own property people of color -to be engaged in politics Lesson 3: Gender and Sexuality as a 3. Socialization Psychosocial Issue -we learn cultural norms and traditions -Exploring and understanding human sexuality 4. Meaning-making through the lens of psychological and social - capable of making sense of our experiences processes. Well-being Psychological -state of satisfaction -talks about human behavior -psychological goal -process of the mind - influences gender identity 1. Objective- can be measured, can be evaluated Social 2. Subjective- based on personal experiences -human relationships, connections, and interactions Dimensions of Well-being -culture 1. Physical- biological and sociological health -social change 2. Emotional- mood stability -social institutions 3. Mental- clarity of mind 4. Material- adequate resources Understanding Psychosocial Dimension 5. Social- positive interaction; building 1. Awareness relationship with others - conscious understanding - as we try to understand ourselves more, we are also in constant progress towards other awareness 2. Intimacy and Relationship > Human relationship- a bond between 2 or more people -manifested through communication and interaction > Intimacy- process of knowing others and letting others know us