Cell Theory Lesson 1 PDF

Lesson 1 – Cell Theory GENERAL BIOLOGY 1  OBJECTIVE Explain the postulates of the cell theory.  How it all started ☺ Anton Van Romans Leeuwenhoek What is a...

Lesson 1 – Cell Theory GENERAL BIOLOGY 1  OBJECTIVE Explain the postulates of the cell theory.  How it all started ☺ Anton Van Romans Leeuwenhoek What is a Theory? When Romans He figured how to grind glass together and decided A set of principles discovered they to experiment. developed over time via were able to make multiple investigations. Leeuwenhoek made his own glass in the 1st The discovery of the cell 270x magnification century BC, things compound microscope! was made through the changed for the Today, microscopes invention of the better! magnifications range from microscope between 200x-10,000,000x 1665-1838. magnification.  Cell Theory There are 3 major parts of the cell theory: 1. All organisms are made of cells. 2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells. 3. The cell is the most basic unit of life.  Modern Version of Cell theory 1. All known living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. 3. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms. 4. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells. 5. Energy flow(metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells. 6. Cells contain DNA which is found specifically in the chromosome and the RNA found in the cell nucleus cytoplasm. 7. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species. 8. Heredity information (DNA) is passed on from cell to cell. 9. All cells have the same basic chemical composition. 10. All living organisms are composed of and depend on cells to function normally.  Contributors There are 5 contributors to the cell theory: 1. Robert Hooke 2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 3. Matthias Schleiden 4. Theodor Schwann 5. Rudolf Virchow Each of the above contributors produced evidence through investigations and experiments that led to today’s cell theory!  Robert Hooke English Scientist o Used the compound microscope to observe cork (oak tree) o Hooke observed that cork is composed of small, hollow compartments. o The parts prompted Hooke to think of small rooms (cells) in a monastery, so he gave them the same name: CELLS, from a latin word cellula , meaning “small room”. o Investigated cork through experimenting with the compound microscope and came up with the name cells! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_ Hooke  Robert Hooke He described his findings in his book Micrographia. Key Note: Hooke discovered the cell in 1665, which started formulating the cell theory! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_ Hooke  Cork https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cork_oak_ trunk_section.jpg Monastery  Hooke’s Investigation/experiment Hooke’s Observations Hooke’s Microscope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Dutch Tradesman o Leeuwenhoek’s microscope was more powerful than Hooke’s compound microscope. o From investigating and experimenting with his microscope, Leeuwenhoek became one of the first scientists to refer to living cells when he observed an abundant number of single- celled organisms, which he called animalcules (plant & animal), swimming in a drop of pond water! Leeuwenhoek’s investigations/experiment Leeuwenhoek’s Microscope Leeuwenhoek’s Observations Matthias Schleiden German Scientist o Fascinated with plant cells, Schleiden used the compound microscope and studied plant cells. o From investigating and experimenting with plants, projected plant parts are made of cells! o Discussed what he observed with his dear friend, German scientist Theodor Schwann. Theodor Schwann German Scientist o Studied plant & animal cells, and was intrigued by the similarities between the two. o From investigating and experimenting with plant & animal cells, Schwann was able to determine that all animals are made of cells! o Schwann published the 1st statement of the cell theory: all living things are made of cells and cell products! Rudolf Virchow o Based on his investigations and experiments, he stated that all cells come from preexisting cells, which is the 2nd part of the cell theory: all existing cells are produced by other living cells! Key Note: After Virchow’s completed his work, the cell theory was finally formulated in 1838!  Recap Cell Theory Contributors Eye-Catchers There are 3 major parts of the Robert Hooke There are 5 contributors to the o came up with the name cells cell theory: cell theory: Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1. All organisms are made 1. Robert Hooke o referred to living cells called of cells. animalcules (plant & animal) after 2. All existing cells are 2. Anton van observing a drop of pond water produced by other living Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden cells. 3. Matthias Schleiden o projected plant cells are made of 3. The cell is the most cells 4. Theodor Schwann Theodor Schwann basic unit of life. 5. Rudolf Virchow o determined all animals are made of These three parts were cells (1st statement of the cell discovered between 1665- theory) 1838. Rudolf Virchow o stated all cells come from Key Note: It took over 173 years for the preexisting cells (2nd statement of cell THEORY to be formulated, wow! the cell theory)