General Biology 1: Cell Theory and Components PDF

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 THE CELL THEORY Our body is made up of cells. Each of which is about five of a millimeter. It is too small to be seen by the naked eye yet it contains practically all the information about you: your eye color, blood type, sex, etc. CELL THEORY - refers to the idea that cells...

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 THE CELL THEORY Our body is made up of cells. Each of which is about five of a millimeter. It is too small to be seen by the naked eye yet it contains practically all the information about you: your eye color, blood type, sex, etc. CELL THEORY - refers to the idea that cells are basic unit of structure in every living thing. - Fundamental scientific theory of biology according to which cells are held to be the basic units of all living tissues. CELL THEORY Zacharias Janssen Time : 1590 invented the first compound microscope. Compound Microscope A microscope with a high resolution and uses two sets of lenses providing a 2-dimensional image of the sample. CELL THEORY Robert Hooke Time : 1665 used light microscope to look at thin slices of plant tissue (cork) *Saw tiny chambers and coined the term "cell“ CELL THEORY Robert Hooke Time : 1665 observed dead cells in a thin cork slice through a self- made microscope and published this information in his book 'Micrographia'. He gave the name ' Cell'.  CELL THEORY Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Time : 1673 First people to use a microscope to study nature and first person to see tiny living organisms in a drop of water. *Termed these microorganisms 'animalcules' CELL THEORY Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Time : 1673 designed an improved microscope and observed first free- living cells (Bacteria) CELL THEORY Robert Brown Time : 1831 a Scottish Botanist discovered 'nucleus' CELL THEORY Felix Dujardin Time : 1834 A French Zoologist, discovered the semifluid living material inside a cell and named it Sarcode (semifluid contain of protozoan) CELL THEORY Matthias Schleiden Time : 1838 German botanist, concluded that "All plants are made up of cells". *credited for developing first two tenets of cell theory (with Schwann) CELL THEORY Theodore Schwann Time : 1839 German zoologist concluded that "All animals are made up of cells" *credited for developing first two tenets of cell theory (with Schleiden) CELL THEORY Jan Evangelista Purkinje Time : 1840 sarcode was renamed as 'Protoplasm' - the First Substance' MODERN CELL THEORY Rudolph Virchow Time : 1855 concluded that "Where a cell exists, there must have been a pre-existing cell" *credited for developing the third tenet of the cell theory. MODERN CELL THEORY Rudolph Virchow Time : 1858 presented the idea " Omnis Cellula e Cellula', which means that all living cells arise from pre-existing cells. Postulates of Cell Theory are; All living organisms are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of life. All cells come from pre-existing living cells Let's have a quiz.. 1. Who concluded: "all animals are made of cells'? A. Rudolf Virchow B. Robert Hooke C. Theodor Schwann D. Matthais Schleiden 2. Who concluded: "all cells are made from other cells"? A. Matthias Schleiden B. Rudolf Virchow C. Theodor Schwann D. Robert Hooke 3. Who was the first to use a microscope? A. Robert Hooke B. Matthias Schleiden C. Rudolf Virchow D. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 4. Who concluded that : All plants are made of cells". A. Matthias Schleiden B. Rudolf Virchow C. Theodor Schwann D. Robert Hooke 5. The combined observations of Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow & Von Leeuwenhoek helped form: A. Cell Law B. Cell Theory C. Cellular Respiration D. Cellular Organelles 6. Which scientist did NOT contribute to the cell theory? A. Rudolf Virchow B. Theodor Schwann C. Robert Hooke D. Louis Pasteuer 7. Who observed cork & coined the word "Cell"? A. Rudolf Virchow B. Theodor Schwann C. Robert Hooke D. Louis Pasteuer 8. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? A. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in all living things. B. All cells are made from other cells C. Only animals are made of cells. D. All living things are made of cells. 9. Which is NOT a part of cell theory? A. All cells are made from other cells B. Anything that moves is made of cells. C. All living things are made of cells. D. Cells are the basic unit of structure& function 10. Cell theory states; A. All living cells must have a cell wall. B. All living cells require glucose for survival. C. Cells are the basic unit of life for a cell. D. All cells contain a nucleus.  THE CELL COMPONENTS Cell Membrane Description: Flexible boundary that surrounds the cell Bi-layer of proteins & lipids Function: Separates the cell from outside environment Selectively permeable Cell Wall Description: Rigid Structure outside plasma membrane Made of cellulose Function: Additional support, protection Gives cell its shape Nucleus Description: Contains DNA (directions to make proteins) Functions: Controls the cell activities Nuclear membrane/ Envelope Description: Double membrane layer that surrounds nucleus Function: Allows material to move into & out of Nucleus (RNA pass through pores) Nuclear Pores Description: 1000s of pores in nuclear envelope Function: Allow material to move into & out of Nucleus Chromatin Description: Granular material within nucleus DNA bound to protein Function: Condenses to form chromosome at the time of cell division Chromosome Description: Distinct threadlike Contains genetic info Function: Blueprint - controls cell activity Pass on genetic info to next generation Nucleolus Description: Small dense region in nucleus Function: Assembly of ribosomes take place here Cytoplasm Description: Clear Gelatinous(jelly) fluid inside the cell Function: Chemical reactions take place here Cytoskeleton Description: Network of protein filaments Function: Helps the cell to maintain its shape & 3D structure Cell movement Microtubule Description: Hollow tubes of protein Function: Maintain cell shape Form cilia/flagella Separate chromosomes in cell division Microfilament Description: Long thin fibers Functions: Maintain cell shape Cell movement & support Ribosome Description: Tiny , abundant Made of RNA & Protein Function: Site of protein synthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum Description: Highly folded membrane in cytoplasm Rough E.R. (ribosome) Smooth E.R. (no ribosomes) Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions: Connects membrane Moves material Process protein Smooth E.R. – production & storage of carbs & lipid Golgi Apparatus Description: Flattened stack of tubular membrane Found near cell membrane Function: Sorts & packs protein into vesicle & transports them Lysosome Description: Contains digestive enzymes Functions Digests food, bacteria, worn out organelle Vacuole Description: Sac (membrane bound) Functions: Stores food, enzyme, and other material Support Mitochondrion Description: Double membrane bound organelle Function: Power house of cell – produces energy for growth, development, and movement Centrioles/ Basal bodies Description: Small structure outside nucleus formed from microtubules Functions: Helps in cell division (mitosis) Helps in forming flagella and cilia Chloroplast Descriptions: Double membrane bound organelle Pigment chlorophyll is present in inner membrane Functions|: Captures light & converts it into chemical energy Pigment chlorophyll (photosynthesis)