General Physiology Review Questions PDF

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Lecture | 3rd year | 1st semester REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTIONS - PRELIMS 7. Which of the following is not found in the cell 1. Which of the following is the best description of m...

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Lecture | 3rd year | 1st semester REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTIONS - PRELIMS 7. Which of the following is not found in the cell 1. Which of the following is the best description of membrane? homeostasis? a. Cholesterol a. Multiple systems working cooperatively to b. Phospholipids maintain body function within normal limits c. Galactose b. Maintenance of body functions d. Nucleic Acid c. Multiple systems working cooperatively to maintain body function at an optimal level 8. Which of the following organelles functions in d. Maintenance of body function at the optimum synthesizing fatty acids and steroids, helping liver level at all times cells release glucose into the bloodstream, and detixofication? 2. Which of the following components of a. Lysosomes homeostatic regulatory mechanism is responsible b. Smooth ER for detecting a stimulus? c. Rough ER a. An effector d. Golgi complex b. A receptor c. A control center 9. Which of the following statements regarding the d. An efferent pathway nucleus is false? a. Nucleoli within the nucleus are the sites of 3. Which of the following scenarios in the human ribosome synthesis body is an example of positive feedback? b. It is where most of the cell’s hereditary units a. A blood clot that results in the release of are located factors that stimulate more blood clotting c. Its is the site of protein synthesis b. Body temperature rising during hot weather, d. In nondividing cells, DNA is found in the resulting in sweating nucleus in the form of chromatin c. Blood glucose level rising after a meal, which causes the release of insulin to decrease 10. The site of protein synthesis: blood glucose a. Lysosome d. A drop in the body temperature stimulating b. Mitochondria shivering c. Ribosome (attached and free) d. None of the above 4. Proteins that initiate specific cell responses once hormones or other trigger molecules bind to 11. Sequence of protein synthesis: them: I. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, a a. Adhesion proteins new amino acid is added to the growing b. Channel proteins protein chain. c. Receptor proteins II. Incoming tRNA “recognizes” the d. None of the above complementary mRNA sequence (codon) calling for its amino acid by binding to it via 5. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable its anticodon membrane is termed: III. mRNA is made on DNA template a. Diffusion IV. mRNA leaves nucleu and attaches to b. Osmosis ribosome and translation begins c. Active transport a. I, II, III, IV d. Endocytosis b. II, III, IV, I c. IV, I, II, I 6. Oxygen enters the cells via? d. III, IV, II, I a. Diffusion b. Filtration c. Osmosis d. Active Transport Sigrid Mallari | 1 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Lecture | 3rd year | 1st semester REVIEW QUESTIONS 12. In the ribosome the amino acid seuqence of a 19. The ration of transport of sodium-potassium protein is determined by: pump is: a. M-RNA a. 1:1 b. T-RNA b. 2:1 c. DNA c. 1:2 d. Golgi complex d. 3:2 13. A portion of the DNA code reads: GGCAGACTT. In 20. The greates speed of contraction of muscles is the process of transcription in the RNA, the code observed: becomes: a. Skeletal muscle a. CCGTCTGAA b. Smooth muscle b. CCGUCUGAA c. Cardiac muscle c. TTACTCAGG d. Same in all three d. UUACUCAGG 21. The greatest duration of contraction of muscles is 14. The copying of the DNA message onto mRNA observed: a. Translation a. Skeletal muscle b. Transcription b. Smooth muscle c. Codon c. Cardiac muscle d. Base triplet d. Same in all three 15. When a cell is dividing to form two daughter cells, 22. What causes depolarization of the cell membrane the chromatin threads coil and condense to form in a skeletal muscle action potential? dense, rod-like bodies called chromatids: a. Influx of sodium ions a. True b. Efflux of sodium ions b. False c. None of the above 16. Prophase is a stage in mitotic division in which: REVIEW QUESTIONS - MIDTERMS a. Chromosomes line up in the equatorial plate b. Chromosomes migrate toward the polar 1. Form myelin sheaths around axons, or enclose ends of the cell unmyelinated axons in the PNS: c. The nuclear chromatin fibers shorten and a. Ependymal cells coil into visible chromosomes b. Oligodendrocytes d. None of the above c. Schwann cells d. Astrocytes 17. Calcium is required for skeletal muscle to e. Microglia contract because calcium: a. Binds to troponin to allow actin and myosin 2. Gaps in the myelin sheath of an axon: to interact a. Nodes of Ranvier b. Binds to actin and myosin to form cross b. Axon hillock bridges c. Trigger zone c. Activates ATP as energy for contractions d. Prevent prolonged contact of actin and 3. Structure responsible for the white color of the myosin white matter a. Myelin 18. Calcium ion-storing tubular system similar to b. Astroglia smooth endoplasmic reticulum: c. Neuronal cell bodies a. Sarcoplasmic reticulum d. Ependymal cells b. Actin c. Myosin 4. Which of the following cerebral hemispheres d. Sarcomere specializes in musical and artistic awareness? a. Right hemisphere Sigrid Mallari | 2 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Lecture | 3rd year | 1st semester REVIEW QUESTIONS b. Left hemisphere d. CN X c. Both 12. Autonomic pre-ganglionic fribers are exclusively: 5. Which of the following parts of the brain regulates a. Adrenergic the rate and force of heartbeat and the diameter of b. Cholinergic blood vessels, adjusts the basic rhythm of c. Sympathetic breathing, and control reflexes for vomiting, d. None of the above coughing, and sneezing? a. Medulla oblongata 13. Cranial nerve I is: b. Pons a. Motor c. Diencephalon b. Sensory d. Cerebellum c. Both 6. Breathing ceases upon the destruction of the: 14. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter in: a. Cerebrum a. All preganglionic fibers of the autonomic b. Cerebellum nervous system c. Medulla oblongata b. Postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic d. Thalamus nerves e. Hypothalamus c. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to most sweat glands and some blood vessels to 7. Damage to Broca’s speech area results to what skeletal ms. type of aphasia? d. All of the above a. Nonfluent aphasia b. Fluent aphasia 15. The dominant adregenic receptor in the heart is: c. Both a. Alpha 1 d. None of the above b. Alpha 2 c. Beta 1 8. Damage to Wernicke’s speech area results to d. Beta 2 what type of aphasia? a. Nonfluent aphasia REVIEW QUESTIONS - FINALS b. Fluent aphasia c. Both 1. The fluid portion of blood that lacks fibrinogen d. None of the above and other clotting factors is: a. Formed elements 9. Coordinates skilled movements and regulates b. Serum posture and balance: c. Plasma a. Parietal lobe d. Lymph b. Occipital lobe c. Medulla oblongata 2. The direct control of erythrocyte production is d. Cerebellum exerted by: a. erythropoietin 10. The “seat of intelligence” b. thrombopoietin a. Parietal lobe c. cytokines b. Cerebrum d. interleukins c. Medulla oblongata d. Cerebellum 3. Which cells play the key role in cell-mediated acquired immunity? 11. Which of the following nerves stimulates the a. T-lymphocyte parotid gland to secrete saliva? b. B-lymphocyte a. CN I c. Neutrophil b. CN VII d. Megakaryocytes c. CN IX Sigrid Mallari | 3 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Lecture | 3rd year | 1st semester REVIEW QUESTIONS 4. A WBC count of 15,000 in a 30-year-old male is b. Hormones indicative of: c. Immune defense materials a. Polycythemia d. Lymph b. Leukopenia c. Leukocytosis 12. The chamber of the heart with the thickest d. Anemia myocardium: a. Right atrium 5. A vitamin that is needed for liver formation of four b. Right ventricle clotting factors is: c. Left ventricle a. Vitamin A d. Left atrium b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin B 13. Which of the following is the correct route of d. Vitamin K blood through the heart from the systemic circulation? 6. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets a. Left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, immediately begin to adhere to the: pulmonary valve, right atrium, bicuspid valve, a. Sub-endothelial matrix right ventricle, aortic valve b. Erythrocytes and leukocytes b. Right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, c. Endothelial cells pulmonary valve, left atrium, tricuspid valve, d. Clotting factors in the plasma left ventricle, aortic valve c. Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, 7. The key step in the clotting process is: pulmonary valve, left atrium, bicuspid valve, a. Clot retraction left ventricle, aortic valve b. Activation of prothrombin c. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin 14. The pacemaker in the human heart with the d. Formation of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin highest rate of automacity is the? a. SA node 8. A substance that digests fibrin and dissolves b. Ventricular purkinje fiber clots is: c. AV node a. ADP d. Atrial node tract fiber b. Thrmoboxane A2 c. Plasmin 15. If the bundle of His is damaged completely so that d. Calcium no impulse can pass through, the following may be expected to occur: 9. Which of the following will result in a transfusion a. Atrial and ventricular rates will remain the reaction? same a. Recipient type A and donor type A b. Delay in conduction of impulse from atrium b. Recipient type AB and donor type B to ventricle will happen c. Recipient type B and donor type O c. The atrium may beat at the rate of the SA d. Recipient type O and donor type AB node, while the ventricular Purkinje pacemaker will beat at a lower rate 10. A person with the type A Rh- blood can receive a transfusion with blood of which of the following 16. Ventricular depolarization is seen in the ECG as? types? a. P wave a. Type A, Rh positive b. QRS complex b. Type B, Rh negative c. T wave c. Type O, Rh negative d. U wave d. Type AB, Rh negative 17. Which of the following tend to move fluid from the 11. The cardiovascular system transports the intravascular space into the interstitial space? following substances except: a. interstitial hydrostatic pressure > capillary a. Gases and nutrients hydrostatic pressure Sigrid Mallari | 4 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Lecture | 3rd year | 1st semester REVIEW QUESTIONS b. interstitial oncotic pressure < plasma oncotic Men: 13 to 18 grams per deciliter, 8.1 to 11.2 pressure millimoles/liter c. interstitial oncotic pressure > plasma oncotic Women: 12 to 16 grams per deciliter, 7.4 to 9.9 pressure millimoles/liter 18. The arterial blood supply of the heart is provided 24. The normal RBC count in an adult male is by: approximately: a. Right and left pulmonary arteries a. 3.2 M per uL of blood b. Right and left coronary arteries b. 4.8 M per uL of blood c. Right and left subclavian arteries c. 5.4 M per uL of blood d. Right and left innomiante arteries d. 1.4 M per uL of blood 19. Amount of blood ejected per beat by each 25. What is the normal WBC count value? ventricle: a. 5,000-10,000 per L of blood a. Cardiac output b. 2,000-3000 per uL of blood b. Stroke volume c. 5M-10M per uL of blood c. End-diastolic volume (EDV) d. 150,000 - 400,000 per uL of blood d. End-systolic volume (ESV) 26. The normal percentage of neutrophilic leukocytes 20. If the end-diastolic volume in the left ventricle is in a different blood count is approximately: 140 mL and the end-systolic volume is 60 mL, a. 0-0.75% - Basophils what is the stroke volume? b. 1-3% - Eosinophils a. 60 mL c. 3-7% - Monocytes b. 80 mL d. 25-33% - Lymphocytes c. 120 mL e. 54-62% d. 140 mL 27. What is the normal platelet count value? 21. Of the following vessels, which one plays a a. 5,000-10,000 per uL of blood significant role in peripheral vascular resistance b. 2,000-3,000 per uL of blood and in the regulation of blood pressure? c. 5M-10M per uL of blood a. Capillaries d. 150,000-400,000 per uL of blood b. Arterioles c. Veins 28. Combat the effects of histamine and other d. Venules mediators of inflammation in allergic reactions: effective against certain parasitic worms: 22. It is defined as the percentage of erythrocytes to a. Basophil total blood volume? b. Eosinophil a. Hemoglobin c. Monocytes b. Hematocrit d. Neutrophils c. None of the above Normal values: 29. A hormone that stimulates formation of platelets: Adult male: 45-50% a. erythropoietin Adult female: 40-45% b. thrombopoietin c. aldosterone 23. Red blood cells contain an oxygen-carrying d. calcitonin protein called? 30. The lowest blood pressure in arteries during a. Hemoglobin ventricular relaxation: b. Albumin a. systolic pressure c. Plasmin b. diastolic pressure d. None of the above c. mean arterial pressure Normal values: d. asystolic pressure Sigrid Mallari | 5 GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY Lecture | 3rd year | 1st semester REVIEW QUESTIONS 31. The highest force with which blood pushes 38. What causes the plateau phase in a cardiac against arterial walls as a result of ventricular muscle action potential? contraction: a. sodium ion inflow a. tachycardia b. calcium ion inflow b. bradycardia c. potassium ion outflow c. systolic blood pressure d. none of the above d. diastolic blood pressure 32. In taking the blood pressure, while deflating the cuff, the pressure at which the beating sound disappears indicates which of the following? a. systolic pressure b. diastolic pressure c. mean arterial pressure d. asystolic pressure 33. When the body is at rest, the cardiac pacemaker is under the dominant control of the: a. sympathetic nervous system b. parasympathetic nervous system c. somatic nervous system 34. A series of events that occurs in the heart that is associated with 1 heartbeat: a. cardiac cycle b. systole c. diastole d. none of the above 35. A traveling pressure wave created by the alternate expansion and recoil of elastic arteries after each systole of the left ventricle is called: a. shock b. pulse c. tachycardia d. bradycardia 36. The pulse rate is normally the same as the heart rate: a. True b. False c. Cannot be determined 37. Which of the following is not true? a. ANS regulation of heart rate originates in the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata b. Hormones from the adrenal medulla and the thyroid gland can increase the heart rate c. The vagus nerves release norepinephrine, causing the heart rate to increase Sigrid Mallari | 6