GEd 103 - Life & Works of Rizal PDF

GEd 103 - Life & Works of Rizal =============================== *1^st^ Semester Lectures (Part 2)* ---------------------------------- **[ANNOTATION OF DE MORGA'S SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS]** 1. **Definition of Terms:** - - - 2. **Purpose:** - 3. **Antonio de Morga Sánchez...

GEd 103 - Life & Works of Rizal =============================== *1^st^ Semester Lectures (Part 2)* ---------------------------------- **[ANNOTATION OF DE MORGA'S SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS]** 1. **Definition of Terms:** - - - 2. **Purpose:** - 3. **Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay:** - - - - - - 4. **What initially prompted Rizal to do the annotation?** - - 5. **Rizal's Annotation:** - - - - - 6. **Rizal's Purpose:** - - - 7. **What lead Jose Rizal to Morga's work?** - - - - - - - 8. **Why chose Morga?** - - - - - 9. **How did Rizal know about Morga's work?** - - - - - - - 10. **Facts:** - - - - - 11. **This annotation emanated from Austin Craig, an early biographer of Rizal, who translated into English some of the more important of these:** - - 12. **Successos de Las Islas Filipinas** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13. **Ferdinand Blumentritt's prologue to Successos de Las Islas Filipinas:** - - - - 14. **Indigenous People:** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | MORGA'S | RIZAL'S | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | - The natives of Luzon are | - Rizal noted the tendency for | | tribal groups that are | violent responses toward | | subdued through either | those resisting friars, often | | peaceful or violent means. | requiring government | | | intervention due to the | | - Bisayan natives practiced | friars\' cruelty. | | tattooing by carving patterns | | | and applying black powder | - He agreed with Morga\'s | | into the wounds. | observations regarding the | | | dynamics in Mindanao. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 15. **Clothing:** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | MORGA'S | RIZAL'S | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | - They were "Bahaque" around | - Bahag is a rich colored cloth | | their waists , and their | quite often with gold stripes | | brows wrapped with a | and they put moro styles like | | pototong. | a turban. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 16. **Government:** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | MORGA'S | RIZAL'S | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | - There was no kings, queens, | - It stated that the Philippine | | or lords to govrern over the | islands at the time | | many barriors or provinces. | considered to have chiefs | | | within the natives. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 17. **Religion:** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | MORGA'S | RIZAL'S | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | - There was no priests or | - There was a priest called | | religious leaders to deal | "Catalonan or Babaylan." | | with religious concerns. They | | | believed in idols and | | | superstitions, which they | | | were lead to predict whether | | | the ill personwould live or | | | die. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 18. **Writing & Literature:** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | MORGA'S | RIZAL'S | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | - It was determined that | - Rizal stands its point that | | writing was commonly used | there is writing system, he | | across the pre-Hispanic | went one step further and | | Philippines. That all indios | made an assumptions that | | could not read and write | there was a great value of | | their language at a basic | written literature in the | | level. | Philippines. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 19. Rizal's annotated ***Successos* was first published in the Philippines in 1958 by a Manila** publisher to honor Rizal. 20. This edition is the **6th volume in the series of Rizal's writings**, published by the Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission to commemorate his birth. **[THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY HENCE]** 1. Rizal accurately ***predicted the end of Spanish rule*** in the Philippines. 2. He highlighted the ***Filipinos\' glorious past*** and ***criticized Spanish rule*** for causing economic stagnation and unhappiness, which hindered productivity. 3. ***The Philippines a Century Hence (Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años)*** was serialized in La Solidaridad from September 1889 to January 1890. 4. Rizal warned that ***without liberal and democratic reforms***, ***Spanish rule in the Philippines would collapse***. 5. **Disastrous Agreement**: Robert Louis Stevenson criticized a diplomatic agreement where Europe manipulated America into believing that an alliance between two monarchies and a republic would be fairer than the republic acting alone, creating an unhappy condition. 6. **Idealist Support**: Irrational idealists praised this scheme as a display of American selflessness and modern altruism. 7. **Distribution of Gains**: England received concessions elsewhere, the U.S. retained what it already owned for 27 years, and Germany gained the rest as planned. 8. **Philippine Context**: Similar idealists who caused Samoans to suffer under German rule now seek to neutralize the Philippines, disregarding the sacrifices made by Rizal. 9. **Rizal and Jagor**: Rizal\'s view of America\'s potential role in the Philippines was influenced by German traveler Feodor Jagor\'s 1860 prophecy about the islands\' future. 10. **Rizal\'s Inspiration**: Jagor\'s prophecy shaped Rizal's goal to prepare Filipinos for industrial and commercial competition, influenced by his exposure to public and personal tragedies. 11. **Historical Awareness**: Rizal published Morga's History to revive Filipinos\' awareness of their past. 12. **Past, Present, Future**: Noli Me Tangere depicted the present, El Filibusterismo outlined a bleak future if no change occurred, and The Philippines A Century Hence explored alternate possibilities. 13. **Planned Series**: Rizal intended a series of yearly publications to clarify misunderstandings from critics' selective censorship of his works. 14. **Unity through Rizal**: Rizal united a divided Philippines by voicing shared aspirations, leading to national solidarity despite internal differences. 15. **Rizal as a Hero**: Both Filipinos and Americans view Rizal as a hero, fostering hope for mutual understanding between Filipinos and the American government in the Philippines. 16. **The Various Causes of the Miseries Suffered by the Filipino People:** a. b. c. 17. **Questions That Rizal Raises in the Essay Whether or Not Spain Can Indeed Prevent the Progress of the Philippines:** a. b. c. 18. **American Takeover**: In 1898, Americans defeated Spain and took control of the Philippines. 19. **Philippine Independence**: Fifty years after Rizal\'s death, the Philippines achieved independence. 20. **Rizal\'s Prophecy**: Rizal\'s essay predicted that no people could permanently dominate another of a different race, customs, and ideas---one must eventually yield. **[THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE]** - **The Political Conditions of the Philippinesduring the Time of Spanish Colonization:** 1. a. b. c. d. e. 2. a. b. 3. a. b. - The Reforms Needed by the Philippines according to Rizal as Stated His Works: 1. a. b. c. d. e. 2. a. b. c. d. 3. a. b. c. 4. a. - - - b. - - c. - d. - 5. a. - - b. - - c. - d. - - 6. a. - b. - c. - d. - **[NOLI ME TANGERE]** 1. **Book Cover:** IMG\_256 2. **Meaning and Nature of NMT**: - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3. **Reference:** - - 4. **Characters and Their Significance:** a. ***Juan Crisostomo Ibarra*** - b. ***Maria Clara*** - c. ***Elias*** - d. ***Sisa*** - e. ***Basilio*** - f. ***Crispin*** - g. ***Pilosopo Tasyo*** - h. ***Tenyente Guevara*** - i. ***Capitan Tiago (Don Santiago de Los Santos)*** - j. ***Padre Damaso*** - k. ***Padre Salvi*** - l. ***Doña Victorina*** - m. ***Tiya Isabel*** - n. ***Alferez*** - o. ***Doña Consolacion*** - 5. **Attackers of NMT**: - - - - - - - - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. - - - 6. **Defenders of NMT:** - - - - - 7. **Issues Stated in the Novel** - a. b. c. d. e. - a. b. c. - a. b. c. - a. b. c. 8. **Reasons Why Rizal Wrotte NMT**: - - - - - - - - - - 9. **Influence of NMT**: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10. **Plot Overview of Noli Me Tangere**: - **Ibarra's Return to the Philippines**\ The novel begins with Crisostomo Ibarra, a young Filipino who returns to the Philippines after studying in Europe for seven years. He plans to marry Maria Clara, his childhood sweetheart, and rebuild his father's estate. Upon his return, he encounters several societal issues that spark his desire for reform. - **Ibarra's Father's Past and His Accusation**\ Ibarra learns that his father, Don Rafael, was unjustly accused of being a heretic by the church, which led to his death in prison. Ibarra vows to seek justice for his father and starts questioning the corrupt practices of the Spanish authorities and clergy. - **The Conflict with Father Damaso**\ Ibarra's first major conflict arises with Father Damaso, the parish priest of San Diego, who insults his late father. Ibarra confronts Father Damaso, causing tension between the Spanish friars and the Filipino elite, and deepening the divide between the two groups. - **Maria Clara's Betrayal**\ Ibarra learns that Maria Clara, the woman he loves, may not be his biological daughter but is the illegitimate child of Father Damaso. This revelation causes Ibarra great pain, and he is further disillusioned with the church and the Spanish colonial system. - **The Plot Against Ibarra**\ Ibarra's efforts for reform, including building a school and improving his community, are thwarted by the Spanish authorities. He is framed for the crime of sedition and imprisoned. During his imprisonment, Ibarra begins to realize the depth of corruption in the society he once trusted. - **Elias's Role and Martyrdom**\ Elias, a revolutionary character who helps Ibarra escape from the authorities, becomes an important ally in his quest for justice. Elias reveals his tragic past as a victim of colonial oppression and encourages Ibarra to take up the cause of revolution. However, Elias dies tragically in an attempt to help Ibarra. - **The Final Tragedy**\ At the end of the novel, Maria Clara, heartbroken over the revelations about her true parentage and Ibarra's imprisonment, enters a convent, leaving Ibarra and the hopes of reform behind. Ibarra, disillusioned with his quest for justice and reform, prepares to go into exile, symbolizing the failure of his dream to change Philippine society through peaceful means. **[EL FILIBUSTERISMO]** #### **Setting and Dedication** - - #### **Plot Overview** 1. **Simoun's Disguise and Plan** The novel begins with Simoun, a jeweler who is actually Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise, traveling on the *Bapor Tabo* steamboat with Basilio and Isagani. They are on their way to San Diego. In San Diego, Basilio visits his mother's grave and meets Simoun, who reveals his true identity. 2. **Cabesang Tales\' Struggles** In La Laguna, Cabesang Tales faces exploitation from priests who claim ownership of his land. Despite his resistance, Tales is kidnapped, and his daughter, Julí, sacrifices herself to ransom him. 3. **Basilio\'s Conflict** Simoun tries to persuade Basilio to join his rebellion, but Basilio refuses, wishing to complete his studies. This marks the beginning of Basilio\'s internal conflict. 4. **Students' Petition and Failure** Filipino students submit a petition for a Spanish Language Academy, but it is rejected by the authorities, who insist that the clergy control the institution. 5. **Juli\'s Tragedy** Juli seeks Padre Camorra's help to free Basilio from prison. However, after being assaulted by the priest, Juli commits suicide by jumping from the convent window. 6. **Simoun's Rebellion Plans** Simoun partners with Don Timoteo Pelaez to facilitate a wedding between Juanito Pelaez and Paulita Gomez. The wedding becomes the stage for Simoun's planned rebellion, where he plans to use a lamp bomb to kill the governor-general and others. 7. **The Rebellion Thwarted** On the wedding day, Simoun's plan to detonate the bomb is interrupted when Isagani, Paulita's former lover, throws the bomb into the river, preventing the destruction. 8. **Simoun's Confession and Death** After the failed rebellion, Simoun seeks refuge at Padre Florentino's home, where he confesses his true identity and motives. Overcome by despair, Simoun drinks poison and dies. Padre Florentino, in a final act, throws Simoun\'s jewels into the sea, symbolizing the futility of revenge. #### **Themes and Messages** - - - - ### **[LETTER TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF MALOLOS]** Jose Rizal\'s **Letter to the Young Women of Malolos** was written in February 1889 in response to the bold petition of 20 young women from Malolos, Bulacan, who courageously requested permission from the Spanish colonial government to establish a school for learning Spanish, defying the opposition of the Spanish friars. Rizal\'s letter serves as an empowering message to Filipino women, especially in their pursuit of education and equality. #### **Background: The Women of Malolos** In December 1888, a group of 20 young women from prominent Chinese-Filipino families in Malolos petitioned Governor-General Valeriano Weyler for permission to open a night school where they could study Spanish under Teodoro Sandiko. The Spanish parish priest, Fr. Felipe Garcia, opposed this request, but the women persevered, continuing their efforts despite the church\'s resistance. Their bravery and determination led to the eventual approval of their school, under the condition that Señorita Guadalupe Reyes would be their teacher and the classes be held during the day. Their triumph was widely recognized, and the event became a source of inspiration for Filipino women fighting for their rights and education during the Spanish colonial period. #### **Salient Points in Rizal's Letter** 1. **Rejection of the Spiritual Authority of the Friars**\ Rizal praises the young women for rejecting the unjust spiritual control and dominance of the friars, a symbol of the oppression they faced under Spanish rule. He commends their courage in taking a stand against the church\'s interference in their pursuit of education. 2. **Defense of Private Judgment**\ Rizal emphasizes the importance of independent thought and the ability to make personal decisions without undue influence from external authorities, particularly the friars, who sought to suppress the rights of Filipinos. 3. **Qualities Filipino Mothers Need to Possess**\ Rizal stresses the vital role of mothers in shaping the future of the nation. He outlines the qualities that Filipino mothers should possess: intelligence, dignity, and moral integrity. He emphasizes that educated mothers will contribute to the betterment of their children and the country. 4. **Duties and Responsibilities of Filipino Mothers to Their Children**\ Filipino mothers, according to Rizal, must instill in their children the values of independence, critical thinking, and patriotism. He highlights the importance of educating the next generation to ensure a brighter future for the nation. 5. **Duties and Responsibilities of Wives to Their Husbands**\ Rizal reminds Filipino women of their duty to their husbands, urging them to be supportive and to contribute positively to their family\'s well-being, while also maintaining their own independence and strength of character. 6. **Choosing a Lifetime Partner**\ Rizal advises the women to be careful in choosing their life partners, encouraging them to marry for love, mutual respect, and shared values, rather than out of necessity or convenience. #### **Rizal's Message to Filipino Women** Rizal\'s ultimate desire was to provide Filipino women with the same opportunities for education as men, believing that this would lead to their liberation and empowerment. He emphasizes the need for women to maintain independence of mind, cultivate reason, and strengthen their will. He urges them to be vigilant about their rights and not to passively accept the injustices imposed upon them. Rizal's message encourages women to take an active role in shaping their destiny, contributing to the greater cause of Filipino freedom and progress. ### **Responsibilities of Mothers to Their Children** - - 1. 2. 3. ### **Qualities of a Mother** 1. 2. 3. - ### **Three Basic Things a Wife Must Instill in Her Husband** 1. 2. 3. ### **Rizal's Advice to Unmarried Men and Women** - - - 1. 2. 3. ### **Rizal's Reminders on Equality, Self-respect, and True Spirit of Religion** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ### **Key Focus of Rizal's Letter to the Young Women of Malolos** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ### **[POEMS OF RIZAL]** **"Sa Aking Mga Kabata" (To My Fellow Youth)** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. **"Education Gives Luster to the Motherland"** 1. **Theme**: Rizal emphasizes the importance of education in advancing the country. He believed that an educated population could lead the Philippines to progress and greatness. 2. **Key Lines:** *\"Wise education, vital breath* *Inspires an enchanting virtue;* *She puts the Country in the lofty seat* *Of endless glory, of dazzling glow,* *And just as the gentle aura's puff* *Do brighten the perfumed flower's hue:* *So education with a wise, guiding hand,* *A benefactress, exalts the human band.\"* **"To the Philippine Youth"** 1. **Theme**: Rizal calls upon the youth to rise up and use their potential for the betterment of the country. The poem emphasizes the role of youth in the nation\'s future. 2. **Key Lines**: *"Unfold, oh timid flower !* *Lift up your radiant brow,* *This day, Youth of my native strand !* *Your abounding talents show* *Resplendently and grand,* *Fair hope of my Motherland!"* **"To the Virgin Mary"** 1. **Theme**: A poem expressing Rizal\'s deep faith and devotion to the Virgin Mary, reflecting his reverence for religious figures and spiritual beliefs. - - - ### **Importance of the Poem** - - - - **"My Last Farewell" (Mi Ultimo Adios)** 1. **Theme**: Written on the eve of his execution, this poem conveys Rizal's love for his country, his unwavering patriotism, and his willingness to die for the Philippines\' freedom. It is a farewell to his family and country. ***\"I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.\"** - Philippians 4:13* *Good luck on your Final Examinations!*