GEC 211 The Contemporary World PDF

GEC 211 | THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD Structures of Globalization  At the end of the lesson, the pre-service teachers must have: explained the effects of Learning globalization on governments; Objectives: identified the institutions that...

GEC 211 | THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD Structures of Globalization  At the end of the lesson, the pre-service teachers must have: explained the effects of Learning globalization on governments; Objectives: identified the institutions that govern international relations; and differentiated internationalism from globalism The traditional state system is becoming limited in addressing global issues, highlighting the need for greater political and economic cooperation among different states and people. Terms to Remember Global Interstate System Institutional governance addressing regional or global issues beyond the scope of a nation-state (Chase-Dunn 1981, in Botor, Peralta, et al. 2020) Internationalism Emphasizes diversity and celebrates multiculturalism, while globalism focuses more on economic exchanges among countries and societies  More about the interstate system Interstate System Chase-Dunn, 1981 “system unequally powerful and competing states in which no single state is capable of imposing control on all others. These states are in interaction with one another in a set of shifting alliances and wars and changes in the relative power of states upset any temporary set of alliances, leading to a restructuring of the balance of power” Effects of Globalization on Governments National and local policies are now also based on international and global realities. International agreements and efforts could fight borderless challenges and issues. Local governments attract major global investors in their community by setting up manufacturing firms. Tracks of agricultural lands will be converted into industrial zones. Global corporations are demanding lower taxes and lower income wages to finalize their investments. How could local governments balance improved economic performance and participation in the global economic scene without sacrificing local social and environmental well-being? Institutions that Govern Globalization The governance of global relations goes beyond nation-state governments. Nation-state governments’ scale and scope are limited in addressing regional and global issues. Important Actors in Political Globalization NON-STATE ACTORS Nongovernmental organizations Voluntary associations Advocacy networks Interest groups NON-STATE ACTORS United Nations 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development REGIONAL COMMISSIONS ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) ECA (Economic Commission for Africa) ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) ESCLAC (Economic Commission for Latin American and the Caribbean) ESCAP (Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific) ESCWA (Economic Commission for Western Asia) Supranational Organizations and Global Governance Organization Key Roles World Bank An international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for (WB) capital projects, established during the Bretton Woods Conference in 1994 Supranational Organizations and Global Governance Organization Key Roles Logos World Health Responsible for global research on medicines and vaccines including the Organization World Health Report and Survey (WHO) World Trade Regulates international trades, ensures smooth flow of trade, and provides a Organization forum for negotiations for trade (WTO) agreements among countries and regions of the world International Looks at the stability of the international monetary system by Monetary Fund monitoring the global economy, lends (IMF) to countries, and provides policy and technical advisory functions to members Supranational Organizations and Global Governance Organization Key Roles Logos Organization for Stimulates economic progress and Economic world trade by providing a platform to compare policy experiences and Cooperation and identify good practices in domestic Development and international economic policies and programs of its members (OECD) International Deals with labor problems and Labour international labor standards and Organization social protection for workers (ILO) Food and Leads international efforts to defeat Agricultural hunger, eliminates food insecurity and Organization malnutrition, and increase resilience of livelihoods and food (FAO)  What’s the Difference? 1 Globalism 2 Internationalism An ideology based on Political, economic, and the belief that flow of cultural cooperation people, goods, and between nations information should flow freely across national Emphasizes diversity borders and celebrates multiculturalism Focuses on the economic aspect of the exchanges among countries and society GEC 211 | THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD Structures of Globalization ACTIVITY Reflect on the effects of globalization on the government and nation-state. Hawkes (2008) explained that “nutrition transition” is happening in developing countries as an effect of globalization. This transition results in consumption of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods which are high in fats and sugars resulting in rise of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases worldwide. What could be your policy advice to an international development agency, like FAO, and a government of middle-income developing country on appropriate policies to mitigate the negative effects of nutrition transition on local stakeholders like farmers and poor families? What are your thoughts?