GEC 104 The Contemporary World Prelims-Midterms presentation.pdf

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY Carig Campus College of Human Kinetics THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD (GEC 104) Prepared By: Rey Daniel Saboya, LPT COURSE DESCRIPTION This course introduces students to the contemporary world by examining the multifaceted phenomenon...

CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY Carig Campus College of Human Kinetics THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD (GEC 104) Prepared By: Rey Daniel Saboya, LPT COURSE DESCRIPTION This course introduces students to the contemporary world by examining the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization. Using the various disciplines of the social sciences, it examines the economic, social, political, technological, and other transformations that have created an increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of peoples and places around the globe. To this end, the course provides an overview of the various debates in global governance, development, and sustainability. Beyond exposing the student to the world outside the Philippines, it seeks to inculcate a sense of global citizenship and global ethical responsibility. INTENDED COURSE OUTCOME 1. Distinguish different interpretations of and approaches to globalization. 2. Describe the emergence of global economic, political, social, and cultural systems. 3. Analyze the various contemporary drivers of globalization. 4. Understand the issues confronting the nation-state. 5. Assess the effects of globalization on different social units and their responses. 6. Analyze contemporary news events in the context of globalization. 7. Analyze global issues in relation to Filipinos and the Philippines. 8. Write a research paper with proper citations on a topic related to globalization. 9. Articulate personal positions on various global issues. 10. Identify the ethical implications of global citizenship. PRELIMS & MIDTERMS LESSONS LESSON 1 GLOBALIZATION MEANING TYPES GLOBALIZATION CAUSES & EFFECTS  WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? Rapid process of economic, cultural, technological and institutional integration among countries. Makes the world accessible to everyone.  TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION ECONOMIC Economic globalization is the process of integrating countries and regions through trade, investment, technology, and migration. SOCIAL/CULTURAL refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings, values, and cultural practices across international borders. This process leads to the interconnectedness of cultures worldwide, fostering similarities and exchanges but also raising concerns about cultural homogenization.  POLITICAL Political globalization refers to the process by which political decisions, actions, and structures become interconnected and influence multiple nations. This interconnectedness fosters cooperation and governance at the global level but also raises concerns about sovereignty, democracy, and inequality.  TECHNOLOGICAL Technological globalization refers to the spread and integration of technology across the world, resulting in increased connectivity, communication, and economic activity. This process has reshaped industries, societies, and daily life, making technology a critical component of global integration.  CAUSES OF GLOBALIZATION Improvements of technology Trade Liberalization Improvements of communication and transportation Deregulation of financial markets Increase significance of TNCs  EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION Increase in competition. Knowledge and information transfer. Increase in investment levels and rise in opportunities. Multicultural and multinational management Outsourcing  HOW DOES GLOBALIZATION AFFECT YOUR LIFE? OPEN FORUM TIME! LESSON 2 THE GLOBAL ECONOMY THE GLOBAL ECONOMY refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through the movement of goods, services, and capital cross borders. Protectionism is protecting one’s economy from foreign competition by creating trade barriers while trade liberalization is the act of reducing trade barriers to make international trade easier between countries. a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. According to Gills and Thompson (2006), globalization processes have been ongoing ever since Homo sapiens began migrating from the African continent ultimately to populate the rest of the world. Minimally, they have been ongoing since the sixteen-century’s connection of the Americas to Afro-Eurasia Silk Road- best known example of old-fashioned globalization The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes, formally established during the Han Dynasty of China, which connected Asia, Africa, and Europe. Adam Smith- magnum opus, An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations (1776) 1800s- industrial revolution From the early 1800s, following the Napoleonic wars, the industrial revolution spread to Continental Europe and North America, too. This time period saw the mechanization of agriculture and textile manufacturing and a revolution in power, including steam ships and railroads which affected social, cultural and economic conditions. The British and the Dutch East India Companies- established in 1600 and 1602,respectively. 1870 to 1913- golden age of globalization. The relatively short period before World War I is often referred to as the ‘golden age’ of globalization, since it was characterized by relative peace, free trade and financial and economic stability. Transnational Corporations (TNCs) - the major players of present-day global economy - the main driving forces of economic globalization of the last 100 years, accounting for roughly two- thirds of world export  THE BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM  ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION CREATED BY BWS OPEN FORUM TIME!  LESSON 3 MARKET INTEGRATION By: Rey Daniel Saboya, LPT MARKET INTEGRATION Shows the relationship of the firm in the market. The extent of the integration influence the conduct of the firms and consequently their marketing efficiency. The behavior of a highly integrated market is different from that of disintegrated market. Markets differ in extent of integration, therefore there is a variation in the degree of efficiency. 5 2 MARKET INTEGRATION Process which refers to the expansion of firms by consolidating additional marketing functions and activities under a single management (Khol and Uhl). Example of market integration is the establishment of wholesale facilities by food retailers and setting up of another plant by a milk processor. In each case there is a concentration of decision making in the hands of single management. 5 3 TYPES OF MARKET INTEGRATION HORIZONTAL VERTICAL CONGLOMERATION 5 4 TYPES OF MARKET INTEGRATION HORIZONTAL Firm or agency gains control of other firms or agencies performing similar marketing functions at the same level in marketing sequence. Some marketing agencies combine to form a union with a view of reducing their effective number and the extent of actual competition in market. 5 5  HORIZONTAL MARKET INTEGRATION 5 6 TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION EFFECTS OF HORIZONTAL MARKET INTEGRATION Reduce competition Gaining larger share of the market and higher profit Attaining economies of scale Reduced cost of marketing 5 7  TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION PROS & CONS OF HORIZONTAL MARKET INTEGRATION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Higher efficiency Destroyed values Increased product differentiation Increased market power Legal repercussions Reduced competition Reduced flexibility Access to new markets International trade 5 8 TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION VERTICAL MARKET INTEGRATION Occurs when firm perform more than one activity in the sequence of the marketing process. Two or more function under one firm Control over both quality and quantity of the product Reduces number of middlemen in the marketing channel 5 9  VERTICAL MARKET INTEGRATION  TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION TYPES OF VERTICAL MARKET INTEGRATION A. FORWARD INTEGRATION- a firm assumes another function of marketing which is closer to the consumption function, it is a case of forward integration. Example: wholesaler assuming the function of retailing B. BACKWARD INTEGRATION- involves ownership or a combination of sources of supply. Example: when a processing firm assumes the function of assembling/purchasing the produce from the villages. C. BALANCE INTEGRATION- Combination of the forward and backward vertical integration. 6 1  TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION ADVANTAGE OF VERTICAL MARKET INTEGRATION 1. Allows to invest in assets that are highly specialized. 2. Gives more control over a business 3. Positive differentiation 4. Lower costs of transaction 5. Certainty over quantity 6. Provides competitive advantages 6 2  TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION DISADVANTAGE OF VERTICAL MARKET INTEGRATION 1. Balancing problems 2. Bring out more difficulties 3. Decreased flexibility 4. Create some barriers to market entry 5. Cause of confusion 6. Requires huge amount of money 6 3  TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION EFFECTS OF VERTICAL MARKET INTEGRATION 1. More profits by taking up additional functions 2. Risk reduction through improvement of market coordination 3. Lowering costs through achieving operational efficiency 6 4 TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION CONGLOMERATION MARKET INTEGRATION A combination of agencies and activities not directly related to each other. 6 5  CONGLOMERATION MARKET INTEGRATION 6 6  TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION EFFECTS OF CONGLOMERATION MARKET INTEGRATION 1. Risk reduction through diversification 2. Acquisition of financial leverage 3. Empire building urge 6 7  TYPES OF MARKET INTEGARTION REASONS FOR CONGLOMERATION MARKET INTEGRATION 1. Remove transaction costs foster competition 2. Provide better signals for optimal generation and consumption decisions 3. Improve security of supply 6 8  LESSON 4 GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM 7 0 GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM The modern world system is now a global economy with global political system or the modern interstate system. refers to the relationship betwen different state union it also includes all the cultural aspects and interaction networks of human population. WORLD SYSTEM THEORY  LESSON 5 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 78 7 9 8 0 8 6 LESSON 6 REGIONALISM REGIONALISM 6.53 WHAT IS A REGION? (1) Regions are a group of countries located in the same geographically specified area. (2) Regions can be a combination of two regions. (3) Regions can be a combination of more than two regions organized to regulate and oversee flows and policy choices. 7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 88 ASIAN REGIONALISM defined as a political ideology that favors a specific region over a greater area. It usually results due to political separations, religions geography, cultural boundaries, linguistic regions, and managerial divisions. Product of economic interaction between Asian countries. 7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 89  REGIONALIZATION The process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions. Division of a nation into states or provinces. In the economic context, regionalization is a management tool 7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 90 ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST NATION Formed August 8, 1967 Founders: Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore ASEAN's purpose is to promote economic and cultural exchange among its member countries, maintain peace and stability in Southeast Asia, and establish relationships with foreign powers with similar aims. 7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 91 NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 31 member states – 29 European and two North American 7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 92 7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 93  GLOBALIZATION VS. REGIONALISM Promotes integration of economies across state Divides an area into smaller segments. borders all around the world. Monopolies are more likely to develop. Allows many corporations to trade on international Does not support multiculturalism level; free market Acceleration to multiculturalism through free and inexpensive movement of people 7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 94 OPEN FORUM TIME! THANK YOU! For queries you may contact: [email protected]