GEC 13 Contemporary World PDF

GEC 13 CONTEMPORARY WORLD Mark Joshua F. Bañega, L. Agr. Bicol University Guinobatan LESSON 3 A world of regions ❑ Topic 1: Global Divides: The North and the South ❑ Topic 2: Asian Regionalism  At the end of the lesson, the students...

GEC 13 CONTEMPORARY WORLD Mark Joshua F. Bañega, L. Agr. Bicol University Guinobatan LESSON 3 A world of regions ❑ Topic 1: Global Divides: The North and the South ❑ Topic 2: Asian Regionalism  At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: ✓ Differentiate between regionalization and globalization.; ✓ Identify the factors that lead to a greater integration of Asian regions. ; Learning ✓ ✓ Explain the term Global south. Analyze how different Asian states objectives: confront the challenges of Globalization and regionalization through regionalism. ✓ Differentiate the global south from third world. ✓ Explain how regions are formed and kept together. ✓ Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of regionalism..  Global divides: the north Topic 1 and the south ✓ Define the term “global south” from the Third World; ✓ Analyze how a new conception of global relations emerged from the experience of Latin America; and ✓ Analyze how different Asian states confront the challenges of globalization and regionalization. Latin america This refers to countries that were colonized by the Spaniards in the American continent.  WEST AND EAST IN 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas,1494 This was when the newly discovered lands outside Europe were divided into the West belonging to the Crown of Castile (now part of Spain) and the East belonging to the Portuguese Empire. World division during the cold war The Cold War between US and USSR created the division between the Capitalist/Democratic states and the Communist states. World division during the cold war The Cold War between US and USSR created the division between the Capitalist/Democratic states and the Communist states. First world and second world The capitalist economists were considered First World and communist economists were referred to as Second World.  Global north and global south The first world the second world ❑ The First World encompassed ❑ The Second World was anchored all industrialized, democratic on the industrialized, communist countries, which were realm of the Soviet Union and its assumed to be allied with the eastern European satellites, yet United States in its struggle it often included poor against the Soviet Union. communist states located Finland and Switzerland elsewhere. maintained strict neutrality.  ✓ This refers to countries that did not belong to either types of formal economies. The third world ✓ The Third World was defined as the non-aligned world and as the global realm of poverty and under-developed. North and south divide After the Cold war, many see primary global divisions as being between North and South.  The global north ✓ Refers to developed societies of Europe and North America, which are characterized by established wealth, technological advancement, political stability, zero population growth, and dominance of world trade and politics. The global north Home of all members of the Group of eight (G9): 1. Canada 2. France 3. Germany 4. Italy 5. Japan 6. United Kingdom 7. Russia (suspended in 2014) 8. America  The global north ✓ It is also the home of the five (5) powerful permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The UNSC is responsible for: Addressing threats to international peace and security. Authorizing military action and peacekeeping missions. Imposing sanctions and establishing peacekeeping operations. Making recommendations for the peaceful resolution of disputes.  The global south ✓ Refers to the developing countries that represent mainly agrarian economies in Africa, India, Latin America, and others that are not as economically sound and politically stable. ✓ Tend to be characterized by war, conflict, poverty, and tyranny.  Global north vs. global south Global South are countries that are less Global North considered developed and as the high-income characterized by low countries such as level of economic Norway, Australia, New development, large Zealand, Canada, the US, inequalities in living Belgium, Iceland, Japan, standards, and low life Sweden, Netherlands, expectancy such as and most of Western Africa, Latin America, Europe. and developing Asia including the Middle East.  Global north vs ❑ ❑ global north First World and Second World Home to all the members of global south ❑ Global south Third World the G8 and P5 members of the ❑ Poor and less developed region United Nations Security Council ❑ 5% has enough food and shelter ❑ 95% has enough food and ❑ Source of raw materials of the shelter North ❑ Economy: industries and major business, commerce and finance.  Global north vs global south Has access to 1/5 of the world’s income. As nations become Controls 4/5 of the income economically developed, earned anywhere in the they may become part of world. the “North”’, regardless of geographical location. 90% of the manufacturing industries are owned by Any nations that do not and located in the North. qualify for “developed” status are in effect deemed to be part of the “South”. Global north and global south Global divides are not purely of geographical division but rather focused on socio-economic and political affiliations and status. How the “Third World” became the Global South: The Origins of the Third World The world was largely divided into several empires in the 19th century. Each empire possessed a “civilized” central that were more or less primitive or even “barbaric”. Third World was coined in 1952 by Alfred Sauvy, a French demographer, anthropologist, and economic historian who compared it with the Third Estate, a concept that emerged in the context of the French Revolution. First Estate refers to the clergy and monarch. Second Estate refers to the nobility. Third Estate refers to the balance of the French population as contrasted the poor countries to the First World and the Second World. How the “Third World” became the Global South: The Origins of the Third World Most people in the Third World lived far from global sources of economic, political, and military power. Most were subjugated, most illiterate, even then, they formed a majority of the world population. But such awareness was growing among leaders within these poor countries, many of whom had been educated. This awareness and exposure to Western culture raised hopes and inspired many Third World leaders to try improve colonial living conditions and win political independence. Opposition to domination by the First World (colonization) also grew through increasing migration and travel, including that stimulated by the two World Wars. Many troops who had participated in these wars were from what soon to be called the Third Word.  r Global north ❑ Low Poverty ❑ Low Child Mortality ❑ High Economic and Educational Development Global north ❑ Advance Technological Advancement ❑ Stable Governments ❑ Low Fertility Rates ❑ Low Gender Related Illiteracy Global south ❑ High Poverty ❑ High Child Mortality ❑ Low Economic and Educational Development ❑ Global south Vulnerable to Exploitation by Large Corporations of Natural Resources ❑ Less Technological Advancement ❑ Unstable Governments ❑ High Fertility Rates ❑ High Gender Related Illiteracy Topic 2 Asian regionalism ✓ Define what is regionalism; ✓ Differentiate Regionalism from Globalization; and ✓. regionalism ✓ A political ideology that favors a specific region over a greater area. ✓ It usually results due to political separations, religion, geography, cultural boundaries, linguistic regions, and managerial divisions.  regionalization vs regionalization globalization globalization ❑ Regionalization is a process of ❑ Globalization is a process by which dividing an area into smaller the people of the world are unified segments called regions. into a single society and function together.  regionalism vs regionalization It is the theory or practice of regional rather than central The division of a systems of administration nation into states or of economic cultural or provinces. political affiliations. Why do countries form regional organizations?  Why do countries form regional organizations? They form regional organizations as a way of coping with the challenges of globalization. Asian regionalism A product of economic interaction between Asian countries.  Asian regionalism ✓ Asian economies have grown not only richer but closer together. ✓ New technological trends have further strengthened ties among them, as have the rise of China and India and the region’s growing weight in the global economy.  Asian regionalism ✓ The 1997/1998 financial crisis dealt a severe setback too much of the region, highlighting Asia’s shared interests and common vulnerabilities and providing an impetus for regional cooperation.  Asian regionalism ✓ In the early stages of Asia’s economic takeoff, regional integration proceeded slowly. East Asian economies focused on exporting to developed country markets.  Asian regionalism ✓ The Japanese economist Akamatsu (1962) famously compared this pattern of development to flying geese. In this model, economies moved in formation not because they were directly linked to each other, but because they followed similar paths.  Asian regionalism ✓ Now, Asian economies are being closely intertwined. ✓ Interdependence is deepening because Asia’s economies have grown large and prosperous enough to become important to each other and because their patterns of production increasingly depend on networks that span several Asian economies and involve wide-ranging exchanges of parts and components among them. REGIONALIZATION VS GLOBALIZATION ❑ As to nature, globalization promotes the integration of economics across state borders all around the world but regionalization is precisely the opposite because it is dividing an area into smaller segments. ❑ As to market, globalization allows many companies to trade on international level so it allows free market but in regionalized system, monopolies are likely to develop REGIONALIZATION VS GLOBALIZATION ❑ As to cultural and societal relations, globalization accelerate to multiculturalism by free and inexpensive movement of people but, regionalization does not support this. ❑ As to aid, the globalized international community is also more willing to come to the aid of a country stricken by a natural disaster but, a regionalized system does not get involved in the affairs of other areas. ❑ As to technological advances, globalization has driven great advances in technology but advanced technology is rarely available in one country or region. 1. Regional integration is a process in which neighboring states enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules. 2. The objectives of the agreement could range from economic to Factors leading TO THE GREATER political to environmental, although it has typically taken the form of a INTEGRATION OF THE ASIAN REGIONS political economy initiative. 3. Regional integration has been organized either via supranational institutional structures or through intergovernmental decision-making, or a combination of both 4. Regional integration has often focused on removing barriers to free trade in the region, increasingly the free movement of people, labor, goods, and capital across national borders, reducing the possibility of regional armed conflict and adopting cohesive regional stances Factors leading TO THE GREATER on policy issues, such as the environment, climate change, and INTEGRATION OF THE ASIAN REGIONS migration. 5. Intra-regional trade refers to trade that focuses on economic exchange primarily between countries of the same region or economic zone. 6. In recent years, countries within economic-trade regimes such as ASEAN in Southeast Asia for example have increased the level of trade and commodity exchange between themselves which reduces the inflation and tariff barriers associated with foreign markets Factors leading TO THE GREATER resulting in growing prosperity. INTEGRATION OF THE ASIAN REGIONS  Thanks Do you have any questions? [email protected] +92 702 3059 1 Bicol University Guinobatan CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik. Please keep this slide for attribution.