General Biology 2 Grade 11 Quarter 1 Week 7 Enzymes PDF
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Uploaded by HeartwarmingPolynomial
2021
Jeshrel B. Plaza,EdD
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Summary
This document provides information about the components of enzymes, characteristics of enzymes, factors that affect enzyme activity, and describes some applications of enzymes in the human body and in nature. It is a learning activity sheet for Grade 11 General Biology.
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COPYRIGHT PAGE FOR UNIFIED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS =================================================== First Edition, 2021 =================== -- -- -- -- STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES - ENZYMES ========================...
COPYRIGHT PAGE FOR UNIFIED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS =================================================== First Edition, 2021 =================== -- -- -- -- STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES - ENZYMES ========================================================== Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs): --------------------------------------------- Specific Objectives: -------------------- 1. identify the components of an enzyme; 2. illustrate the components of an enzyme; and 3. determine how factors such as pH, temperature, and substrate affect enzyme activity. Key Concepts ------------ a. The SUBSTRATE is the REACTANT in an enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction, the material that is CHANGED. b. The ACTIVE SITE is the part of the enzyme where the substrate binds, and its shape controls which substrates the enzyme can bind. c. Imagine a KEY (the SUBSTRATE) fitting into LOCK (the ACTIVE SITE). d. The PRODUCT is the result of the chemical process. Components of the Enzyme ------------------------ ### Active site ### Cofactor - Cofactors help in stabilizing the enzyme structure and facilitating the catalytic reaction. ### Coenzyme - carriers of specific functional groups or electrons ### Apoenzyme ### Holoenzyme - The holoenzyme is the complete, functional enzyme that can catalyze a specific reaction. It forms when the apoenzyme combines with its cofactor or coenzyme. Characteristics of Enzymes -------------------------- ### Enzymes are good catalyst. ### Enzymes are reusable. ### Minimal number of enzymes is required. ### Each enzyme is very selective when it comes to its substrate. ### Enzymes chemically recognize, bind and modify substrates. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity --------------------------------- 1. **Temperature** 2. **pH** (abbr. power of hydrogen or potential for hydrogen) 3. Concentration effects --------------------- a. ### Substrate concentration ### Enzyme concentration Activators Effect ----------------- Inhibitors Effect ----------------- Competitive Inhibition ---------------------- Noncompetitive Inhibition ------------------------- 1. This happens when an inhibitor binds to the enzyme somewhere other than the active site. 2. The inhibitor is believed to bind to the enzyme in such a way that the typical active site is blocked in some cases of noncompetitive inhibition. 3. In other cases, the inhibitor\'s binding is thought to change the shape of the enzyme molecule, deforming its active site and preventing it from reacting with its substrate. This sort of noncompetitive inhibition is known as allosteric inhibition, and the allosteric site is where the inhibitor interacts with the enzyme. -- -- -- -- -- -- Enzymes applications -------------------- - In the human - In nature - In the food industry - In the technical industry - *Cleaning products* - *Production of Ethanol* - *Pulp and paper production*
