Grade 10 English Revision PDF

GRADE 10 ENGLISH REVISION END OF TERM 3 INFORMATIONAL LANGUAGE READING FICTION TEXT FOUNDATIONS...

GRADE 10 ENGLISH REVISION END OF TERM 3 INFORMATIONAL LANGUAGE READING FICTION TEXT FOUNDATIONS ✓ Compound/complex ✓ Main idea sentences. ✓ Theme ✓ Citing evidence ✓ Punctuation ‘use of ✓ Story elements commas’ ✓ Context clues Subject/object pronouns. Relative pronouns/ relative clauses Theme A theme in a story is the is the deeper message or central idea. It comments on human experience, and more often a story relates to real life situations. All stories have at least one theme. A theme gives the general view of the story. It gives the reader the insight into how the story characters live to pursue something good, the results of conflicts and how all these choices come to pass in their lives. In a story, there can be major and minor themes. A major theme is an idea the writer keeps on repeating in his work, portraying it as the most significant idea. The minor theme is the idea that appears briefly in the story. How to Identify a Theme of a Story To identify the theme of a story, you must read through the story and understand the basics of the characterization, plot and other literary elements that are included in the story. Get to know the main subjects of the story. Get to know what the author’s view on the mentioned subjects is. Make sure not to confuse the subject of the story with its theme. The subject is the topic acting as the base for the story whereas the theme is the opinion being expressed by the author on the subject. How to find the themes of a story: 1. Identify the story elements and diagram the plot of the story. 2. Identify the subject of the story: What is the story about? 3. Analyze the main character: How does the character feel? How does the character react to their feelings? What does the character do in the story? How does the character interact with other? 4. Summarize the story: Think about the story. What happened? How did the character change? How was the conflict resolved? 5. Identify what lesson was learned by the main character and why learning that lesson was important to the story and life in general? Common Topics and Themes Theme generally refers to the central idea or a perception conveyed in writing. A topic is the subject that is treated or presented within a story. Topics play the role of explaining what a story is all about, while themes explain the reason why it was written in the first place. One topic can have multiple themes associated with it. Topic Theme Do the right thing, even if it is hard to do. There are two sides to every story. Honesty is the best policy. Good vs. Evil Help others in their time of need. Crime does not pay. Make good choices. Think before you act. Be happy with what you have. Don't wish for what others possess. Greed/ Jealous Be careful what you wish for.  Selfishness will bring you misery. Appearances are deceiving. The grass isn't always greener on the other side. Don't judge a book by its cover. Things aren't always as they seem. Accept others for who they are. Prejudice/Judgment Don't underestimate the ability of others. Even the biggest can use the help of the smallest. Don't judge the actions of others. There's no place like home. Home is where the heart is. Blood is thicker than water. Home, Friends, Family Families love each other no matter what. Choose your friends wisely. You can find friendship in unexpected places. To have a good friend, you must be a good friend. Face your fears. It takes courage to stand alone. Courage Stand up for what you believe in. Be true to yourself. What are the 6 Essential Elements of a Story? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xc2ouTq73zw Setting The setting of your story is the time and location where your novel takes place. Characters Your characters are what drive your storyline forward. You’ll obviously need to delineate who your main characters are, but you may also want to develop secondary ones, especially if they can play an important role in advancing your plot. Conflict The conflict in your story is the most important element of your writing as it is what will make your novel an interesting read. Without it, you’re just writing a descriptive account of people or places without any sense of urgency, which is quite unappealing for fiction readers. Imagine if someone made a movie like James Cameron’s Titanic, but instead about another luxury cruise trip embarking on an uneventful journey across the ocean, arriving in New York City with no conflict or drama of any kind. Rising Action In order to arrive at the climax of your story, you must first build up to it slowly. This rising action is what makes your conflict come to life — your goal here is to build up the tension between your characters to keep your readers glued to the page. Climax The climax of your story is the time when everything comes to a head. It’s the moment everyone’s been waiting for, where your protagonist overcomes their key obstacle and ultimately becomes a better person because of it. The climax in your story needs to leave your readers feeling fulfilled. So always make sure your climax makes sense to them — your readers are expecting this to be the case and you don’t want to leave them confused. Resolution Now, it’s time to decompress, to provide an outlet to release the pent up energy that peaked during your story’s climax and bring your narrative to a close. Your resolution is the element of your story when loose ends are tied and all conflicts resolved, but it’s also an opportunity for you to reinforce elements of theme and character development that have been threaded throughout your novel. How to determine the main idea of the text? 1) Identify the Topic Read the passage through completely, then try to identify the topic. Who or what is the paragraph about? This part is just figuring out a topic like "cause of World War I" or "new hearing devices;" don't worry yet about deciding what argument the passage is making about this topic. 2) Summarize the Passage After reading the passage thoroughly, summarize it in your own words in one sentence. Pretend you have just ten to twelve words to tell someone what the passage is about— what would you say? 3) Look at the First and Last Sentences of the Passage Authors often put the main idea in or near either the first or last sentence of the paragraph or article, so isolate those sentences to see if they make sense as the overarching theme of the passage. Be careful: sometimes the author will use words like but, however, in contrast, nevertheless, etc. that indicate that the second sentence is the main idea. If you see one of these words that negate or qualify the first sentence, that is a clue that the second sentence is the main idea. 4) Look for Repetition of Ideas If you read through a paragraph and you have no idea how to summarize it because there is so much information, start looking for repeated words, phrases, or related ideas. Read this example paragraph: A new hearing device uses a magnet to hold the detachable sound-processing portion in place. Like other aids, it converts sound into vibrations, but it is unique in that it can transmit the vibrations directly to the magnet and then to the inner ear. This produces a clearer sound. The new device will not help all hearing-impaired people—only those with a hearing loss caused by infection or some other problem in the middle ear. It will probably help no more than 20 percent of all people with hearing problems. Those people who have persistent ear infections, however, should find relief and restored hearing with the new device. What is the main idea of this paragraph? A new hearing device. What is it trying to convey? Possible answer: A new hearing device is now available for some, but not all, hearing-impaired people. That's the main idea! Citing Evidence Practice What evidence does the author offer that the blind are not given equal opportunity to succeed in various professions? Practice using context clues. Read the sentence then use context clues to identify the meaning of the underlined word. 1. The lithe gymnast moved gracefully across the stage, captivating the audience with her fluid and elegant movements. (thick – graceful - tall – healthy) 2. The principal encouraged the students to economize their weekly allowances rather than wasting it on junk food. (spend – invest - save – spoil) 3. The lamb was very feeble whereas the lion was very strong. (tall – giant - small – weak) 4. Nelson Mandela finally received his freedom after spending several years in captivity. (island – Martinique - hospital – prison) 5. The detective ruled that Kaycee's death was unintentional. (comfortable – pleasant – accidental) 6. The actor died in a car accident, so the producers had to sign in a doppelganger. (look alike – duplicate – fake) 7. Did the veterans who fought for their country fade away in time? (forgotten – died – martyred) Types of sentences. (Simple, compound, complex, and compound complex) A simple sentence is a basic sentence that expresses a complete thought. It contains: 1. Subject 2. A verb 3. A complete thought Ex. 1-The train was late. 2-Mary and Maggie took the bus. A compound sentence contains two main clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction or a semi-colon. Compound sentences connect two simple sentences, but they often do not show a clear relationship between the two parts. Ex. I waited for the bus, but it was late. Complex Sentence Examples Independent clause first: We won the game because we worked together as a team. Dependent clause first: Although I broke my arm, I still cheered for my team from the sidelines. A compound-complex sentence contains two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. Ex. Though Jack prefers watching comedy films, he rented the latest spy thriller, and he enjoyed it very much. Identify the type of sentence. 1. Our coach will host a pizza party when we win our first game. 2. Olivia and Caroline went to the movies. 3. James grilled burgers, and Patrick made a salad. 4. Since I made the honor roll, my parents let me have a friend spend the night. 5. Before Alice called me, she called her mom, and her mom asked her to babysit her brother. Use of commas Practice use of comma https://www.grammarbook.com/grammar_quiz/commas_1.asp https://www.syntaxis.com/grammar-quizzes/comma-quiz https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=comma-usage-quiz_1 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/grammar/punctuation-the-comma-and-the- apostrophe/introduction-to-commas/e/meet-the-comma Subject and object pronouns. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/object-pronouns/ https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/73.html https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=1dq-subject-and-object- pronouns-quiz https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/subject-object-pronouns-exercise-1.html Relative pronouns and relative clauses. https://www.internationalschooltutors.de/English/activities/grammar/multi2/relative1.h tml https://www.english-4u.de/en/grammar-quizzes/relative-clauses.htm https://www.grammarwiz.com/relative-pronoun-quiz.html https://www.softschools.com/quizzes/grammar/relative_pronouns/quiz932.html  Good luck in your finals. Bye-bye, Grade 10; welcome, Grade 11.