Foundations of Physiotherapy Practice 2024/25 Terminology Tutorial PDF

Foundations of Physiotherapy Practice 2024/25 Terminology Tutorial Terminology FPP 2024/25  Learning Outcomes To be able to discuss the rationale for the use of ‘terminology’ To be able to describe the ‘Anatomical Position’ To be able to explain the meaning o...

Foundations of Physiotherapy Practice 2024/25 Terminology Tutorial Terminology FPP 2024/25  Learning Outcomes To be able to discuss the rationale for the use of ‘terminology’ To be able to describe the ‘Anatomical Position’ To be able to explain the meaning of common anatomical terms used to describe: Position Movement Planes and axes To be able to use the appropriate terms to describe The surfaces of the body The relationship of different body parts Limb movements Terminology FPP 2024/25 Anatomical ‘directional’ terms and ‘body planes’ Anatomical directional terms help us to find our way around the body They help us locate structures in relation to other structures or locations in the body They provide a common language for discussion and treatment to avoid confusion Each directional term has an opposite Terminology FPP 2024/25  Anatomical Position: starting position for describing movement Head facing forward Palms facing forward Arms by the side of the body Legs straight Elbows straight Terminology FPP 2024/25 Opposite Terminologies Terminology FPP 2024/25 Superior/Inferior (directional) Eg a nose is superior to a chin. Skin is superior to bone Terminology FPP 2024/25 Cephalad and Caudad (body specific) (Pronounced Kefalad and Kawdad) Eg mobilising a joint in a cephalic direction. (Towards the head) Mobilising a limb in a caudad direction. (Towards the tail) Terminology FPP 2024/25 Anterior/Posterior (directional) Tummy=Ventre (in French) Eg Knee caps (patellae) are anterior to knee creases. The gluteal muscles are posterior to the hip joint. Terminology FPP 2024/25  Medial and Lateral Eg the 5th finger is medial to the ring finger. The clavicle is medial to the shoulder joint Eg the thumb is lateral to the index finger An eye is lateral to the nose Terminology FPP 2024/25 Deep and Superficial Eg a superficial skin wound Superficial is on the top of the skin Deep A deep wound goes…. deeper! Terminology FPP 2024/25  Task 1 Starting in the anatomical position, demonstrate to each other where the following are: Medial aspect of the arm Posterior aspect of the knee Lateral aspect of the ring finger Superior aspect of the head Terminology FPP 2024/25  Task 1 Starting in the anatomical position, demonstrate to each other where the following are: Medial aspect of knee Lateral aspect of hip Superior aspect of shoulder Anterior aspect of pelvis Posterior aspect of trunk Terminology FPP 2024/25  Proximal and Distal Eg A knee is distal to the hip BUT proximal to the ankle! Terminology FPP 2024/25 Dorsal/dorsum and palmar/plantar aspects of hand and foot) Dorsum/dorsal aspect =back of the hand or top of the foot Palmar surface of hand is the side that can grip! Remember plantar surface of foot is where Plantar warts (verrucae) are found- and also can grip! Terminology FPP 2024/25  Task 2 Which joint lies distal to the knee? Ankle Describe anatomically the location of the nail of the middle finger DORSAL SURFACE OF THE HAND distal interphalangeal joint Terminology FPP 2024/25  Task 2 Which joint lies proximal to the elbow? Shoulder joint Which joints lie distal to the hip? knee Describe the anatomical position of the knee cap related to all structures around Superior to knee joint Terminology FPP 2024/25  Summary of terms Superficial Cephalad Posterior Anterior Proximal Deep Superior Medial Lateral Distal Inferior Dorsal Plantar Caudad Terminology FPP 2024/25 Summary of terms Terminology FPP 2024/25  Prone Supine Terminology used to describe lying positions Left Side lying Crook lying Half lying Terminology FPP 2024/25 Terms of Movement Thinking of someone walking, what movements are occurring at the hip? Which terminology might be used to describe this? Flexion/Extension Terminology FPP 2024/25 Flexion/Extension Which other movements are possible at the hip & how can they be described? Abduction and Adduction Medial (internal) and lateral (external)rotation Terminology FPP 2024/25 Knee Now think what movements are occurring at the knee joint? Flexion and extension Are these the same type of movements as the hip joint and is the terminology the same? Yes Terminology FPP 2024/25 What are the terms for movements in the ankle region? Terminology FPP 2024/25 There is another ‘special case’ related to the movement of the forearm, what terminology is employed here? Just to make it a bit more complicated there is pro- and supination in the foot Terminology FPP 2024/25 How to describe where in space movements occur: planes and axes What is a plane? An imaginary flat surface through a solid object What is an axis? An imaginary line about which an object rotates Terminology FPP 2024/25 Planes of Movement There are 3 main or cardinal planes. /Frontal These: plane 1. Divide the body into equal parts /Horizontal 2. Lie at right angles plane to each other 3. Intersect at the centre of gravity of the body Within each plane is an axis Terminology FPP 2024/25 Sagittal Plane Divides body into Left and Right parts Terminology FPP 2024/25 Frontal (Coronal) plane Coronal means Garland or crown! Divides body into front and back parts Terminology FPP 2024/25 Transverse/horizonal plane Also called axial or x-z plane Terminology FPP 2024/25 Planes – names and what they do The _________ plane divides the body into equal right and left halves Sagittal The __________ / ________ plane divides the body into equal front and back halves Coronal/frontal The __________ / _________ plane divides the body into equal upper and lower halves Transverse/horizontal Terminology FPP 2024/25 In which plane have these sections of the head been taken? Terminology FPP 2024/25  Axes of Movement Transverse (horizontal), Vertical (longitudinal), Antero-Posterior Transverse Axis / /Vertical Axis Terminology FPP 2024/25 The axis is the pin in the door hinge and the door can move in the plane around this axis. The plane of movement is determined by the orientation of the axis Terminology FPP 2024/25 Movement in a Sagittal plane occurs around a horizontal/transverse axis Terminology FPP 2024/25 Movement in a frontal plane occurs around an Antero-posterior (AP) axis Terminology FPP 2024/25 Movement in a horizontal plane occurs around a vertical/longitudinal axis Terminology FPP 2024/25  Summary of Planes and Axes Movement in a SAGITTAL PLANE occurs around a TRANSVERSE AXIS Movement in a CORONAL/FRONTAL PLANE occurs around an ANTERO- POSTERIOR AXIS Movement in a HORIZONTAL PLANE occurs around a VERTICAL AXIS Terminology FPP 2024/25  Task 3 Movements, planes and axes Quiz 1. Extension of the knee occurs in a ______ plane about a _____axis Sagittal plane Horizontal axis Terminology FPP 2024/25 2-____________ of the hip occurs in a frontal/coronal plane about an anterior/posterior axis Abduction and adduction Terminology FPP 2024/25 3- Lateral (external) rotation of the hip occurs in a ________ plane about a ________ axis HORIZONTAL PLANE VERTICAL AXIS Terminology FPP 2024/25 4- _________ of the ankle joint occurs in a sagittal plane about a transverse axis dorsi/planter flexion Terminology FPP 2024/25 5-___________ of the trunk occurs in a horizontal/transverse plane about a vertical axis Rotation Terminology FPP 2024/25  Task 4 Lie on your back with your arms by your sides; bend your elbows to about 90° keeping wrists straight. Now bring your palms to rest on your abdomen: Which joint is primarily responsible for this movement? shoulder What is the movement called? Medial rotation Which plane is involved? TRANSVERSE PLANE Which axis is involved? VERTICAL/LONGITUDINAL Terminology FPP 2024/25  Task 5 Lie on your back with your arms by your sides; bend your right knee, move your left hip out and in: What is the movement called in each joint? Which plane is involved in each joint? Which axis is involved in each joint? Terminology FPP 2024/25  Task 5 Lie on your back with your arms by your sides; bend your right knee, move your left hip out and in: What is the movement called in each joint? Flexion in knee and abduction and adduction of hip Which plane is involved in each joint? Sagittal plane in knee Frontal plane in hip Which axis is involved in each joint? Transverse axis (knee) Anteroposterior axis (hip) Terminology FPP 2024/25 Summary of planes and axis and movements Flexion – sagittal plane/transverse axis surface moving anteriorly Extension - sagittal plane/transverse axis surface moving posteriorly Abduction – coronal plane/AP axis movement away from midline Adduction – coronal plane / AP axis movement towards midline Medial rotation- horizontal plane/vertical axis ant surface toward midline Lateral rotation - horizontal plane/vertical axis Terminology FPP 2024/25 Conclusion Check that you have met the learning outcomes You may find your independent study easier in groups testing each other on the positional terminology Quizlet – Have you logged in and had a go yet? A good way to test your knowledge Try observing tasks, such as ‘bending down to pick something up’ and ‘standing from sitting’. Describe the movements that occur at the hip and knee and the axes and planes of movement Any queries about the terminology please ask Terminology FPP 2024/25