Foundation of Individual Behavior PDF

Monday, 18 September 2023 6:32 am What are the focus and goals of organisational behaviour? Behaviour The actions of people Organisational behaviour The study of the actions of people at work One of the challenges in understanding organisational behaviour is that it addresses issues that aren't ob...

Monday, 18 September 2023 6:32 am What are the focus and goals of organisational behaviour? Behaviour The actions of people Organisational behaviour The study of the actions of people at work One of the challenges in understanding organisational behaviour is that it addresses issues that aren't obvious., Like an iceberg. Visible aspects: Strategies Objectives Policies and procedures Structure Technology Formal authority Chains of command Hidden aspects: Attitudes Perceptions Group norms Informal interactions Interpersonal and Intergroup conflicts What is the focus of organisational behaviour? Individual behaviourAttitudes Personality Perception Learning Motivation Group behaviourNorms Roles Team building Leadership Conflict Organisational aspectsStructure Culture New Section 1 Page 1 Culture Human resource policies What are the goals of organisational behaviour? Explain, Predict and influence behaviour. Six employee behaviours Employee productivity- performance measure of both work efficiency and effectiveness. Absenteeism- the failure to show up at work. Cost to business. Turnover- is the voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organisation. - Work disruption, recruitment costs. Organisational clientship behaviour- discretionary behaviour that’s not part of an employee's formal job description. Helping others in a group, volunteering for extended job activities, avoiding unnecessary conflicts, and making constructive statements about one's work group. Job satisfaction- Refers to the employee's general attitude towards their job. Workplace misbehaviour- an intentional employee behaviour that is harmful to the organisation. Deviance Aggression Antisocial behaviour Violence 4 physiological factors Employee attitudes Personality Perception Learning. What role do attitudes play in job performance? Attitudes are evaluative statements, either favourable or unfavourable, concerning objects, people or events. What are the three components of an attitude? Cognition- beliefs, options, knowledge and information held by a person. Affective component- the emotional or feeling part of an attitude. Behaviour- the intention to behave in a certain way towards someone or something. What attitudes might employees hold? Interested in their job-related attitudes. Job satisfaction- is the employee's general attitude towards the job. Job involvement- the degree to which an employee identifies with their job, actively participates in it, and considers their job performance important for self-worth. Organisational commitment- employee's orientation, their loyalty to, identification with and involvement in the organisation. Employee engagement- the extent employees are connected to, satisfied with and enthusiastic about their jobs. The top 5 contributing factors to employee engagement are: Respect Type of work Work/life balance Providing good service to customers Base pay. New Section 1 Page 2 Base pay. Do individuals' attitudes and behaviours need to be consistent? What is cognitive dissonance theory? When people try to make their behaviour and attitudes consistent, its due to cognitive dissonance. Any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes, or between behaviour and attitudes. How hard we try to reduce dissonance is determined by three things: The importance of the factors creating the dissonance The degree of influence the individual believes they have over those factors The rewards that may be involved in dissonance. If the factors creating the dissonance are relatively unimportant, the pressure to correct the inconsistency will be low. However, if those factors are important, individuals may change their behaviour, conclude that the dissonant behaviour isn't so important, change their attitude, or identify compatible factors that outweigh the dissonant ones. How much influence individuals believe they have over the factors also affects their reaction to the dissonance. If they perceive the dissonance as something about which they have no choice, they won't be receptive to attitude change or feel the need to do so. Rewards also influence the degree to which individuals are motivated to reduce dissonance. New Section 1 Page 3 New Section 1 Page 4