Fos Concept Reviewer PDF

**FOS CONCEPT REVIEWER** **MODULE 1** 1. has to do with the determining of the relative location of points on or near the surface of the earth - Surveying 2. a survey in which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a flat or in which its spheroidal shape is neglected and the...

**FOS CONCEPT REVIEWER** **MODULE 1** 1. has to do with the determining of the relative location of points on or near the surface of the earth - Surveying 2. a survey in which the mean surface of the earth is considered as a flat or in which its spheroidal shape is neglected and the north-south lines are assumed to be parallel. - Plane Surveying 3. That type of surveying which takes into account the shape of the earth. This employs the principle of geodesy, which is of high precision and generally extends over large areas. - Geodetic Surveying **TYPES OF SURVEYS** 4. is made to secure field data from which may be made a topographic map indicating the relief, or elevations and inequalities of the land surface, and the location of natural and artificial objects - Topographic Survey 5. refers to those surveys necessary for the location and construction of lines of transportation or communication, such as highways, railroads, canals, transmission lines, and pipelines. - Route Survey 6. to surveying bodies of water for purposes of navigation, water supply, or sub aqueous construction - Hydrographic Survey 7. makes use of the principles of land, topographic, and route surveying, with modifications in practice made necessary by altered conditions. Both surface and underground surveys are required. - Mine Survey 8. has particular reference to extensive urban or rural surveys made for the purpose of locating property lines and improvements in details, primarily for use in connection with the extent, value, ownership, and transfer of land. Cadastral is usually used with regards to surveys of public lands - Property Survey 9. is the term frequently applied to the operation of laying out lots and to the municipal surveys made in connection with the construction of streets, water-supply systems, and sewers. It has to come to mean an extensive coordinated survey of the area in and near a city. - City or Municipal Survey 10. is the application to surveying -- usually topographic works -- of the science of measurement by means of photographs. - Photogrammetric Survey 11. is another type of aerial survey which make use of camera or sensors that are transported either in aircraft or in artificial satellites. -. Remote Sensing 12. employs the use of surveying methods and instruments in construction works. Also called a layout survey or location survey, performed in order to mark the position of new points on the ground which represent the location of the building corners, road centerlines ,and other facilities that are to be built. - Construction Survey 13. is a survey made after a construction project is completed to provide the positions and dimension of the features of the project as they actually constructed. - As-built Survey 14. \- is a reference survey wherein the number of points are established and their horizontal and vertical positions are accurately determined so that woks/project can be oriented to the area. - Control Survey **MEASUREMENTS OF DISTANCES Methods** 15. a method of measuring horizontal distances that furnish a rapid mean of approximately checking more precise measurement, which consist of counting the number of steps in a required distance. - Pacing 16. is the common method of measuring length of a line or course with the use of tape or chain. - Taping or chaining 17. is a rapid indirect mean of measuring distance with the use of the telescope of the transit, or plane table alidade which is equipped with two horizontal hairs, one above and the other below the horizontal cross hair. - Stadia method 18. this method uses the wheel mounted on a rod provided with odometer which serves to count the number of turns when the rod is pushed and wheel rolled along the line to be measured. - using a measuring wheel 19. the method of measuring distance using an expensive instrument which uses the principle of electromagnetic beam of either microwaves or light waves. It is used with the conjunction of reflecting prisms. - Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMIs) 20. EDMI may be mounted on top of an optical theodolite or on a tribach. The newest instruments are available with the combine digital electronic theodolite and EDMI , as well as built- in microprocessor or computer called - Electronic Tacheometer instrument (ETI) or Electronic Total Station 21. The greatest surveying tools ever developed wherein the vertical and horizontal positioning on earth could be obtained from radio signals broadcast from earth satellites. - Global Positioning System (GPS) 22. a method of measuring horizontal distances that furnish a rapid mean of approximately checking more precise measurement, which consist of counting the number of steps in a required distance. - Pacing 23. a value determined by dividing the discrepancy by the mean measured length, and where the numerator is reduced to unity or one. - Relative precision of measurement **COMPASS and DIRECTION (mod2)** 24. an instrument for determining the horizontal direction of a line with reference to the direction of the magnetic needle. - Surveyor's Compass **Essential Features of Compass** 25. with a circle graduated from 0o to 90o in both directions from the N. and S. points and usually having the E and W points interchanged. - Compass Box 26. which defines the line of sight in the direction of the SN points of the compass box. - Sight Vanes 27. has the property of pointing a fixed direction namely, the magnetic meridian. - Magnetic needle **KINDS OF COMPASS** 28. which is generally held in the hand when bearings are observed; used on reconnaissance or other rough surveys. - Pocket compass 29. which is mounted usually on a light tripod, or sometimes on a Jaco's staff (a point stick about 1.5m long). - Survey's compass 30. a compass box similar to the surveyor's compass, mounted on the upper or winner plate of the engineer's transit. - Transit compass **Sources of Errors in Compass Work** 31. 6 sources of errors in compass work - Needle bent - Pivot bent - Plane of sight not vertical or graduated circle not horizontal. - Sluggish - Reading the needle - Magnetic variations **Types of Meridian** 32. are reference lines from which angle of directions of any line in the surveying works are being referred. - Meridians 33. is an arbitrary chosen fixed line of reference which is taken for convenience.or any convenient direction from a survey station to some well defined permanent object is known ,used for small area survey or to determine the relative directions of small traverse Sometimes termed as Arbitrary Meridian. - Assumed Meridian 34. is the reference line on a plane passing through the geographical North Pole or geographical South Pole and any point on the surface of the earth is known as true meridian. It is also called as geographical meridian. - True meridian 35. The angle between true meridian and line is known as \_\_\_\_ of the line. It is also known as azimuth. - True bearing 36. is a fixed line of reference which lies parallel to the magnetic lines of force of the earth or a line on the earth\'s surface approximating a great circle passing through the north and south pole - Magnetic Meridian 37. is a fixed line of reference parallel to the central meridian of a system of plane rectangular coordinates. - Grid Meridian **LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE** 38. is the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds of a point north or south of the Equator. Lines of latitude are often referred to as parallels. - Latitudes 39. Is the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds, of a point east or west of the Prime (Greenwich) Meridian. - Longitude 40. The meridian through Greenwich, England, is called the \_\_\_\_\_ was set at zero degrees of longitude - Prime meridian 41. the angle that a magnetic meridian makes with the true meridian - Magnetic declination 42. A long, extremely slow swing of the needle of the compass - Secular Variation 43. the vertical angle that the magnetic needle makes with the horizontal due to uneven magnetic attraction from the magnetic poles. - Magnetic dip 44. an imaginary lines passing through places having the same magnetic declination. - Isogonic lines 45. an imaginary line passing through points having the same magnetic dip - Isoclinic lines 46. imaginary line passing through places having a zero declination - imaginary line passing through places having a zero declination **HORIZONTAL ANGLES AND DIRECTIONS** 47. is the angle measured on the inside of a closed polygon or traverse. - Interior Angle 48. is the angle measured outside of a polygon or closed traverse. - Exterior angle 49. is an angle turned (measured) in a clockwise direction, from the precede line of a course of traverse. - Angle-to-the-Right 50. is an angle between the extension of the preceding line to the succeeding line of a course of traverse. - Deflection Angle 51. of a line is the angle from a reference meridian measured, that is from the north or south meridian, whichever is nearest, to the line. - Bearing 52. of a line is the clockwise horizontal angle between the line and a given reference direction or meridian. Usually south is the reference meridian for geodetic and Civil engineering surveying works. - Azimuth **TRANSIT -- TAPE SURVEY : TRAVERSING** 53. a surveying instrument designed to measure horizontal and vertical angles and direction of a line. - Transit 54. is the universal instrument in surveying by reason of wide variety of uses for which it is adapted. It may be employed for measuring and laying off horizontal angles , directions, vertical angles, difference in elevation. - Engineer's transit 55. a transit without a vertical circle and telescope level. - Plain transit 56. a transit without a compass and having a U-shaped one- piece standard. - City transit 57. a transit provided with an auxiliary telescope, a reflector for illuminating the cross hairs and a diagonal prismatic eyepiece for upward sighting, 16o above the horizon. - Mining transit 58. a transit designed for surveying of high precision. - Theodolite 59. a transit which can measure distances using the principles of the speed of light. - Geodimeter 60. a device similar to Theodolite but somewhat heavier and bulkier due to EDM units that surrounds the telescope and the additional control button on the control panel and inboard computer or microprocessor. It has a capability of storing data, making mathematical computations such as determining horizontal and vertical components of slope distances computing elevations and coordinate calculation. - Total Station 61. Three Principal Subdivisions of a Transit and Parts under each Subdivision - Upper Plate group - Lower Plate Group - Leveling Plate Group 62. a line segment joining the intersection of the cross hairs and the optical center of the objective lens when in proper adjustment - Line of Collimation 63. the line joining the intersection of the cross hairs and the optical center of the objective lens, regardless of whether it is in adjustment or not. When in adjustment, the line of sight and the line of collimation can be termed either of the other. - Line of Sight 64. consists in the adjustment of the eyepiece and the objective so that the cross hairs and the image can be seen clearly at the same time - Focusing 65. is a peg driven flush with the ground and having a tack driven in its top to mark the exact point of reference for measurements. - Hub 66. is a type of traverse which originate from a point of known position and terminates at the point of unknown position. - Open traverse 67. is a type of traverse which originate at a point of known position and closed on another point of known horizontal position. - Closed traverse **Transit -- Tape survey method.** 68. a transit --tape survey method wherein the transit is set up at any convenient station from which can be seen all points that it is desired to locate, distance from the transit station to each of the points is measured and horizontal angles are observed. - Radiation 69. a transit --tape survey method which requires two transit station from any convenient point from which can be seen all points that it is desired to locate, Distance of the two transit station is measured and horizontal angles from each transit stations to the desired points are observed. The measured distance between the two transit station is termed as baseline. - intersection 70. a transit-tape survey method wherein the transit is set up at every traverse station to determine the angles and directions of the traverse line and the distance is measured directly by tape. - traversing **LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE** 71. is the projection on a north and south lines. It may be called as north or positive latitude and south or negative latitude. - Latitude of any line 72. is the projection on the east and west line. West departure is sometimes called negative departure and East departure is sometimes called positive departure. - Departure of any line **BALANCING A SURVEY** 73. the correction to be applied to the latitude or departure of any course is to the total correction in latitude or departure as the length of the course is to the length of the traverse. - Compass rule 74. the correction to be applied to the latitude or r departure of any course is to the total correction in latitude or departure as the latitude or departure of that course is to the arithmetical sum of all the latitude or departures in the traverse without regards to sign. - Transit rule