Forensic Psychology PDF

Forensic Psychology **Unit 6- Deception** **Polygraph** Previous methods? - Polygraph follows same idea that deception leads to physiological changes in the body (william Martson) How is it used? - - - Who is it used by? - When is it used? - - - - - Different ty...

Forensic Psychology **Unit 6- Deception** **Polygraph** Previous methods? - Polygraph follows same idea that deception leads to physiological changes in the body (william Martson) How is it used? - - - Who is it used by? - When is it used? - - - - - Different types of polygraphs 1. - - - - 2. - - - - - - - - - - 3. - - - - - - Is the Polygraph accurate for detecting? - - - - - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. - Can you beat the polygraph - - - - - Take away messages - - - - **Thermal Imaging** - - - - - **Event related Brain Potentials (EPR)** - - - - **Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)** - - - **Behavioural cues (verbal and non verbal)** - - 1. 2. 3. - - - - Can professionals detect deception? - - - - - **Deception disorders** - Factitious disorders - - - - - 1. - - - 2. - - - - - Malingering - - - - Three explanatory models of malingering have been proposed: pathogenic, criminological, and adaptational. Only the adaptational model has received empirical support. Malingering research uses three basic designs: case study, simulation, and known groups. The most common is simulation design. Defensiveness - - - - **Unit 7 - Eyewitness testimonies** - The role of memory - - - - Stages of memory 1. 2. 3. - \*\*ADDED STAGE AT THE START\*\* Perceiving events stage Perceiving events (factors that affect perception) 1. - 2. - - Encoding - - Factors that affect coding - - - - Retrieval - Types of memory retrieval - - Factors affecting retrieval - - - - - - - - - Eyewitness research - - - How do we study eyewitness issues? 1. - - 2. - - - Measuring recall of information - - - Measuring recognition of information - - Aiding eyewitness memory 1. - - - - - - Why does the misinformation effect occur? Loftus & Palmer - - - Interview strategies Techniques to aid eyewitness memory 1. - - - - - 2. - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. - 3. - - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lineups - Recognition memory (whether a previously seen item or person is the same as previously) - - - Lineup identification - - - Lineup Procedures - - - 1. 2. - Identification decisions 1. - - - 2. - - - Line vs Photo lineups - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. - Lineup procedures 1. - - - 2. - - - Simultaneous vs sequential - - 3. - - - 4. - - Lineup bias - - - - Case of lineup misidentification (jennifer thompson and ronald cotton) - - - - Guidelines for improvement - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Canadian guidelines 1. 2. 3. 4. Video surveillance - - 1. 2. **Unit 8 - Child victims and Witnesses** History of child witnesses - - - - - - - 1. 2. 3. 4. Reporting - Memory & communication - 1. 2. Memory issues - 1. 2. 3. Questioning matters - - - - Language Issues - - - - - - - Social norms issues - 1. 2. - 1. - Suggestibility - - 1. 2. - Interviewing Protocols & Case studies Techniques to interview children 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Anatomically detailed dolls - - 1. 2. 3. 4. Human figure drawings (aka Human body diagrams) - - Criterion-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) - - - 1. 2. 3. - - - - - Some of the Criterion includes: 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - Step-Wise Interview - - - - - - - Narrative Elaboration technique - - - - - - 1. 2. 3. - Cognitive interview - - - - NICHD - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Protocol - - 1. 2. - - - - - 1. a. b. c. d. 2. a. b. c. d. 3. a. b. - - - - Case study : The McMartin Pre-School - - - - Lineup Identification - - Lineup Procedure - - a. b. c. d. - Elimination lineup 1. - 2. - Testifying in Court - - - a. b. Courtroom accommodations - - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Maltreatment can be categorized into sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect/failure to provide, and emotional abuse. A number of short-term and long-term effects can result from physical abuse, for example, perceptual-motor deficits, lower measured intellectual functioning, lower academic achievement, externalizing behaviour, internalizing mental health difficulties, and nonfamilial and familial violence. A number of short-term and long-term effects can result from sexual abuse, for example, behaviour problems, lowered self-esteem, inappropriate sexuality, physical symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder, and continued abuse when an adult. **Unit 9 - Juries** What's the purpose of a jury? - Jury functions 1. 2. 3. 4. When are juries used? - 1. a. b. c. d. 2. a. b. 3. a. b. Jury act - - - a. b. c. - a. b. - - Challenges 1. - - 2. - - - Scientific Jury Selection - - 1. 2. Selection - Broad Based Approach - - a. - Selection - Case specific approach - 1. 2. 3. 4. New selection approach - - - - Characteristics of a Jury 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - 4. - Threats to impartiality - a. b. c. Publication Ban - - - - Bias in the Jury Pool - 1. 2. 3. Bias in the jury pool - bias for cause - - - - - - Behaviour Process of reaching a verdict 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Listening to evidence - 1. a. b. c. d. e. 2. - - - Disregarding Inadmissible evidence - - - - Judge's instructions - - 1. 2. - a. Deliberations - 1. a. b. c. 2. a. b. c. d. - - - 1. 2. The final verdict - - a. b. c. - Predicting a verdict - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Demographics - - 1. - - 2. - - 3. Personality - a. b. - a. b. - Attitudes - - Defendant characteristics - 1. - 1. Victim characteristics - - a. - a. b. c. Expert testimony - - a. b. c. Jury Nullification - a. b. - - - - - a. - Case examples 1. 2. Jury Research 1. - - - a. b. c. 2. - - - - - 3. - - - - a. b. 4. - - - - - - a. b. c. d. - Grand Juries - - - - - - - - - a. b. Current issues - a. b. - a. b. c. d. - a. b. - **Unit 10- Psychopathy** What is psychopathy? - a. b. - - - Measuring Psychopathy - - a. b. c. d. - a. b. c. d. Measuring Psychopathy : Items in the Hare PCL-R - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Psychopathy : Other related terms - a. b. - Psychopathy and offending - - a. b. c. d. e. f. - Characteristics of psychopathy - - - - - Case study : Ted Bundy - - - - - - Myths about psychopathy - - - - - - Psychopathy and Violence - - a. b. c. - a. b. - Psychopathy in the community - - a. - a. b. c. Psychopathy and Interviewing - - a. b. c. d. e. - a. b. c. d. e. Causes of psychopathy - - - a. - - a. b. c. d. Psychopathy and treatment - - - a. b. - - - a. b. - a. b. -