FNAP0115 Nervous System Recap PDF

FNAP0115- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (LABORATORY)  At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to: Define and discuss the physiological function of nervous system Locate and define the major categories of nervous system Explain the concept of synaptic transmission, reflex arc and...

FNAP0115- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (LABORATORY)  At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to: Define and discuss the physiological function of nervous system Locate and define the major categories of nervous system Explain the concept of synaptic transmission, reflex arc and human body special senses  Body’s control center and communication network Shares in the maintenance of homeostasis with the endocrine system A. Central Nervous System (CNS) The control center for the whole system Brain and Spinal Cord All body sensations and changes in our external environment must be related from the receptiors and sense organs to the CNS to be interpreted and acted on. 1. Information Processing 2. Motor Control 3. Homestasis Regulation 4. Cognitive Function 5. Reflex Actions B. Peripheral Nervous System Consists of all nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with sensory receptors, muscles and glands. B. Peripheral Nervous System  STRUCTURE OF A NEURON A. Neuron - Composed of a cell body with a nucleus and other intracellular organelles B. Dendrites - Extension of the cell body and are the receptive areas of the neuron C. Axon - Single long extension of the cell body that begins as s slight enlargement, the axon hillock. D. Schwann Cells - produces a fatty myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates the axon.  STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS UNIPOLAR BIPOLAR MULTIPOLAR 01 02 03  SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION SYNAPSE 1. Signal Arrival Is an area where the terminal branches of an axon are close to but not touching the dendrites 2. Neurotransmitter Released of another neuron 3. Receptor Binding When an impulse reaches the axon terminals. It 4. Receptor Initiation triggers the release of neurotransmitter like acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, which 5. Signal Termination allows the impulse to travel across the synapse. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION  REFLEX ARC REFLEX ARC 1. Receptor Pathway that a nerve impulse follows to 2. Sensory Neuron produce a reflex action. 3. Integration Center It allows the body to respond quickly to certain stimuli without needing to think about it. 4. Motor Neuron 5. Effector REFLEX ACTION  There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves 10 pairs originates from the mainstem. All 12 pairs leave the skull through various foramina of the skull. Designates into two ways: by ROMAN numerals indicating the order in which the veins arise from the brain ( from front to back) by NAMES that indicate their function or distribution  Spinal nerves are a crucial part of the peripheral nervous system, connecting the spinal cord to the rest of the body. Total Number: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in humans: - Cervical (8 pairs): Neck region - Thoracic (12 pairs): Upper back - Lumbar (5 pairs): Lower back - Sacral (5 pairs): Pelvic region - Coccygeal (1 pair): Tailbone Roots: Each spinal nerve has two roots: - Dorsal (Sensory) Root: Carries sensory information from the body to the spinal cord. - Ventral (Motor) Root: Transmits motor signals from the spinal cord to muscles and glands. Mixed Nerves: Spinal nerves are mixed nerves, meaning they carry both sensory and motor fibers.  SPECIAL SENSES Special senses refer to the specific sensory systems that provide the body with distinct types of sensory information 1. VISION 2. HEARING 3. TASTE 4. SMELL 5. BALANCE OR VESTIBULAR SENSE SENSE OF SIGHT (VISION) SENSE OF HEARING AND BALANCE SENSE OF HEARING AND BALANCE SENSE OF TASTE SENSE OF TASTE SENSE OF SMELL THANK YOU! SCHOOL OF MIDWIFERY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CLUSTER BOOK REFERENCES: