Fluid & Electrolytes Cheat Sheet PDF

FLUID & ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES H Y P E R k a l e m i a (over 3.5) H Y P O k a l e m i a (below 3.0) HEART - TIGHT & CONTRACTED...

FLUID & ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES H Y P E R k a l e m i a (over 3.5) H Y P O k a l e m i a (below 3.0) HEART - TIGHT & CONTRACTED HEART - LOW & SLOW P - Potassium 1. ST elevation and Peaked T waves 1. Flat T waves, ST depression, & prominent U wave 2. Severe = Vfib or Cardiac Standstill! P - Priority! Since it.. 3. Hypotension, Bradycardia MUSCULAR - LOW & SLOW POTASSIUM P - Pumps heart & muscles GI TRACT - TIGHT & CONTRACTED 2. Decreased DTR 3. Muscle cramping 1. Diarrhea 3.0 - 3.5 2. Hyperactive bowel sounds 4. Flaccid paralysis (paralyzed limbs) GI - LOW & SLOW NEUROMUSCULAR- TIGHT & CONTRACTED Decreased motility, hypoactive to absent Paralysis in Extremities bowel sounds, Constipation Increased DTR Abdominal distention Profound Muscle Weakness, (General Feeling of Paralytic ileus, paralyzed intestines! heaviness) *PRIORITY* for SB0 (small bowel obstruction) H Y P E R n a t r e m i a (over 145) H Y P O n a t e r m i a (below 135) S - Sodium BIG & BLOATED DEPRESSED & DEFLATED S - Swells body to maintain: 1. SKIN SODIUM Blood pressure FLUSH ‘’Red & Rosy’’ , EDEMA ‘’waterbed skin’’ LOW GRADE FEVER NEURO = Seizures & Coma 135 - 145 Blood Volume HEART = Tachycardia, & weak thready pulses pH balance 2. POLYDIPSIA EXCESS THIRST 3. LATE SERIOUS SIGN RESPIRATORY ARREST SWOLLEN dry tongue NCLEXTIP GI = nausea & vomiting NCLEXTIP INCREASED muscle tone NCLEXTIP Sodium’s side kick H Y P E R c h l o r e m i a (over 107) H Y P O c h l o r e m i a (below 97) Maintains: NEARLY SAME AS HIGH SODIUM NEARLY SAME AS LOW SODIUM CHLORIDE Blood pressure 1. NAUSEA & VOMITING 1. EXCESSIVE DIARRHEA, 97 - 107 Blood Volume 2. 3. SWOLLEN DRY TONGUE CONFUSION 2. VOMITING, SWEATING, FEVER pH balance 1 2 TEST TIP: ONLY DIFFERENCE 3 H Y P E R m a g n e s e m i a (over 2.1) H Y P O m a g n e s e m i a (below 1.3) 1. CARDIAC - BUCK WILD! M - Magnesium 1. CARDIAC - CALM & QUIET Heart block EKG: ST depression, T wave inversion Torsades de pointes Prolonged PR intervals M - Mellows the VITALS = bradycardia, Hypotension SEVERE = V fib MAGNESIUM VITALS = Tachycardia M - Muscles (relaxes) 2. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES - CALM & QUIET 1.3 - 2.1 Hyporeflexia - Decreased DTR 2. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES - BUCK WILD! Hyporeflexia - increased DTR 3. LUNGS - CALM & QUIET Depressed shallow respirations 3. EYES - BUCK WILD! Abnormal eye movements 4. GI - CALM & QUIET Hypoactive bowel sounds (nystagmus) 4. GI - BUCK WILD! Diarrhea H Y P E R c a l c e m i a (over 10.5) H y p o c a l c e m i a (below 9.0) Keeps the 3 B’s Strong: B - Bone SWOLLEN & SLOW - MOANS, GROANS & STONES 1. T - Trousseau’s CALCIUM B - Blood 1. CONSTIPATION T - Twerking arm with BP cuff on 9.0 - 10.5 B - Beats (heart) 2. BONE PAIN 2. C - Chvostek’s 3. STONES Renal Calculi (kidney stones) C - Cheek smile when touched 4. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES 3. Diarrhea Decreased DTR 4. Circumoral tingling Severe muscle weakness 5. Weak bones H Y P E R p h o s p h a t e m i a (over 4.5) H Y P O p h o s p h a t e m i a (below 3.0) Helps with bone & teeth formation ‘’LOW CALCIUM’’ CA+ Swollen & SLOW - MOAN, GROANS & STONES Helps regulate calcium 1. TROUSSEAU’S SIGNS PHOSPHATE 2. CHVOSTEK’S SIGNS 1. CONSTIPATION Ca HIGH = Phosphate LOW 3. DIARRHEA 2. DECREASED DTR & SEVERE MUSCLE 3.0 - 4.5 4. WEAK B’s WEAKNESS Ca LOW = Phosphate HIGH 3. DECREASED HR, RR Strong bones? WEAK! (fractures) Strong blood clotting? WEAK! (risk for bleeding) 4. INCREASED BP Strong heart beats? WEAK! (cardiac dysthymias)