First Steps To Understanding Urdu.pdf

First Steps To Understanding Urdu Hashim Mohamed Al-Qalam Institute First Steps to Understanding Urdu Second Edition, 2023 November ISBN: 978-0-9576534-3-6 Compiler Hashim Mohamed Contact: Al-Qalam Institute 6 Sylvan Avenue, Leicester, LE5...

First Steps To Understanding Urdu Hashim Mohamed Al-Qalam Institute First Steps to Understanding Urdu Second Edition, 2023 November ISBN: 978-0-9576534-3-6 Compiler Hashim Mohamed Contact: Al-Qalam Institute 6 Sylvan Avenue, Leicester, LE5 3SN, United Kingdom Website www.alqalaminstitute.org YouTube www.youtube.com/alqalaminstitute If you see anymistakes in this book, have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to contact us. Jazakallah. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author.   Contents Contents...................................................................................................................4 Foreword..................................................................................................................7 Lesson 1 Simple Sentences...................................................................................... 10 Lesson 2 Demonstrative Pronouns.......................................................................... 15 Lesson 3 Gender..................................................................................................... 19 Lesson 4 Plurals...................................................................................................... 20 Lesson 5 Adjectives................................................................................................. 23 Lesson 6 Possession (1)........................................................................................... 30 Lesson 7 Prepositions............................................................................................. 39 Lesson 8 Questions (1)............................................................................................ 47 Lesson 9 Numbers................................................................................................... 51 Lesson 10 Pronouns................................................................................................ 60 Lesson 11 Possession (2)......................................................................................... 64 Lesson 12 To Have................................................................................................... 68 Lesson 13 Past Tense (1).......................................................................................... 76 Lesson 14 Future Tense........................................................................................... 81 Lesson 15 Adverbs (1)............................................................................................. 89 Days of the Week.........................................................................................................................................89 Times of the Day..........................................................................................................................................92 Months of the Year......................................................................................................................................93 Time..............................................................................................................................................................95 Lesson 16 Respect (1).............................................................................................. 99 Lesson 17 Comparison.......................................................................................... 104 Lesson 18 Verbs – Present Habitual Tense............................................................. 107 The Present Habitual Tense.......................................................................................................................107 Lesson 19 Objects................................................................................................. 113 Verbs with Two Objects.............................................................................................................................117 Lesson 20 Pronouns (3)........................................................................................ 119 The Pronoun ‫نپ‬ ‫ا ا‬...........................................................................................................................................121 Lesson 21 Adverbs (2)........................................................................................... 125 Adverbs of Time and Place.........................................................................................................................125 Adverbs of Manner....................................................................................................................................129 Adverbs of Frequency................................................................................................................................131 Adverbs of Reason.....................................................................................................................................134 Lesson 22 Questions (2)........................................................................................ 138 Lesson 23 Past Habitual........................................................................................ 147 Lesson 24 Present Continuous.............................................................................. 154 Lesson 25 Past Continuous.................................................................................... 160 Lesson 26 Future Tense......................................................................................... 164 ‫وا ال‬................................................................................................................................................................168 4 Lesson 27 Commands........................................................................................... 170 Negative Commands..................................................................................................................................173 Lesson 28 Past Tense (2)........................................................................................ 176 Transitive Verbs..........................................................................................................................................179 Lesson 28 Present Perfect and Past Perfect Tense................................................. 184 Present Perfect Tense................................................................................................................................184 Past Perfect Tense......................................................................................................................................185 Lesson 29 Revision of Tenses................................................................................. 187 Lesson 30 Infinitive............................................................................................... 189 Lesson 31 Adding Verbs to the Infinitive............................................................... 191 ‫ اچےیہ‬............................................................................................................................................................191 ‫ رشوعرکنا‬and ‫نگل‬ ‫ ا‬............................................................................................................................................193 ‫ کسا‬and ‫ چکناا‬...................................................................................................................................................194 Other Verbs Joined to the Infinitive...........................................................................................................195 Lesson 32Other Forms of Verbs............................................................................. 200 Passive Voice..............................................................................................................................................200 Continuous Tense.......................................................................................................................................202 Subjunctive Tense......................................................................................................................................203 Lesson 33 Other Types of Verbs............................................................................ 205 Impersonal Verbs.......................................................................................................................................205 Joining Two Verbs Together.......................................................................................................................207 Lesson 34 Long Adjectives..................................................................................... 208 Lesson 35 Joining Sentences................................................................................. 213 Lesson 36 Conditions............................................................................................ 216 Lesson 37 Respect in Verbs (2).............................................................................. 220 Lesson 38 Participle.............................................................................................. 222 Practice................................................................................................................. 224 ‫ئ‬ ‫یﷺیکوتاعضاکاعمل‬‫نرک ا‬ ‫ ب‬.................................................................................................................................224 ‫للہنعیکاوتاعضا‬ ‫ضا ا‬ ‫ رضحتا ابرکبر ا‬..........................................................................................................................225 ‫دم‬ ‫ امںیکخ ا‬...................................................................................................................................................226 ‫ ادبسکےساھکیس؟‬............................................................................................................................................227 ‫ لچل ب رب ا‬..................................................................................................................................................228 ‫یالبےہ‬ Sour Grapes................................................................................................................................................229 ‫ناف ِریسرضا ا‬ ‫للہنعیکوتاعض‬ ‫ رضحتاملس ا‬..................................................................................................................230 ‫ی‬ ‫ قبسیکنادنب ا‬...................................................................................................................................................231 ‫قفش‬ ‫وچبںےکاسھت ا‬..........................................................................................................................................232 ‫ میظعنباپاورمیظعاٹیب‬...........................................................................................................................................233 ‫یتسساوراچلیکا‬..................................................................................................................................................235 5  ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................236‬وچےہاوریلب‬ ‫‪...........................................................................................................................................238‬آجاکاکمہنروھکلکرپ‬ ‫‪............................................................................................................................................240‬اافتقںیم ببرتک ا‬ ‫ےہ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ضاہللہنعاورانےکوادل ا‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................................241‬رضحتامعرر ا‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................242‬اہللیکمکحا‬ ‫سکِاعمشیک ب ربیف اضنالتا‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................244‬ا‬ ‫دم‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................................................................246‬ویباؤںیکخ ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................247‬اد ا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................................................................247‬افیند اینےکاجپر ا‬ ‫لعبصنم‬ ‫‪...........................................................................................................................................248‬ب‬ ‫سےسا ا‬ ‫‪................................................................................................................................................250‬ربصاکبیجعواہعق‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................252‬مظن‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................252‬یسک ااکرھگےلجاوروکیئناےپ‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................253‬ارداو‬ ‫‪Bibliography......................................................................................................... 255‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬  Foreword ﷽ Alhamdulillah, through the grace of Allah, our second book in Urdu grammar, First Steps to Understanding Urdu (Second Print), has been published and is now in your hands. This book (1st Print) was initially intended to be a new and updated edition of “Urdu A Step by Step Guide”, which was initially printed in 2012. However, the book has undergone significant change, making it unrecognisable from the first version, and has subsequently been renamed. My Journey with The Urdu Language and This Book I was born in the Caribbean Island of Barbados and am of Indian descent: my parents and grandparents came from Gujarat, India. The youngest of five children, I was least familiar with Gujarati; my grandmother had passed away when I was very young, and I did not grow up sitting in her lap listening to her talk away. My parents had learnt English by then, so even though they would sometimes speak to me in Gujarati and I would hear them having conversations amongst themselves, and with aunts and uncles in Gujarati, I was not compelled to talk to them in Gujarati. As far as Urdu is concerned, I have come across old Urdu textbooks and exercise books with notes in my handwriting which confirms my memory of early madrasah days in which I started learning Urdu after learning to read Quran. During my early teens, I spent one year attempting to do Hifz of the Quran, but without much success (May Alah grant me the ability to complete this noble task). I then switched to classes in which, along with other subjects, I started to learn Urdu. When I was in my last year of secondary school, my parents decided to send me to a Darul Uloom. On the recommendation of my teacher Mawlana Ibraheem Bhana Sahib (May Allah protect him) they decided to send me to Jameah Riyadhul Uloom, in Leicester, England which had been recently established. Knowing the medium of teaching in Darul Uloom would be Urdu, my teachers in my local madrasah Mawlana Ashraf Bhula Sahib and Mawlana Ibraheem Bhana Sahib (May Allah protect them both) pushed me to learn Urdu with more focus and intensity ensuring I would not have to spend a year learning Urdu before the actual alimiyyah class. Alhamdulillah, through the grace of Allah and then their efforts, I had gained enough familiarity with Urdu by this time that when my teacher to be Mawlana Saleem Dhorat Sahib (May Allah protect him) took my admission exam during one of his travels to Barabados, he judged that I had a good enough grasp of the Urdu language to enrol into the first year of the alimiyyah course. However, from saying Barbados in reply to ‫آپ اک امس رگایم ایک ےہ‬, to saying ‫ ںیم ےن ای اتکب ڑپاھ‬in a GCSE oral exam, my journey with the Urdu language was rocky. I was trying my best: I was studying Teach Yourself Urdu in Two Months during class with my teacher, Mawlana Ayadh Sahib (May Allah protect him) listening to Urdu lectures of Mawlana Saleem Sahib, making notes of new vocabulary, and reading Urdu books in my free time. Gradually, I was able to speak and understand more and read almost anything with the help of an Urdu dictionary. During my fourth year of the almiyyah course, I even started studying books on Urdu poetry in my free time. However, even after six years of studying in the Urdu medium, reading Urdu books, and listening to Urdu lectures, I was still struggling with some of the fundamentals of the grammar of the Urdu language. 7 Upon graduation, I was entrusted by my teachers to started teaching – via the Urdu medium - and within a few weeks, it became clear to me how ill-equipped I was with the grammar of the language. First, a student from the Caribbean, who like me had no Urdu background, asked me why we would say ‫ اس ایارمد ےن دمد یک‬but ‫اس ای رمد ےن بلط ایک‬, and what rule we should apply to the conjugation of such verbs. A few days later, while teaching Urdu to a revert, doctor by profession, he asked me the difference between ‫ اہللےنآامسن دیپا ایک‬and ‫اہللےن زنیمدیپایک‬. On both occasions I was left baffled and unable to give a proper answer and unaware of where to find the answer. Instead, I resorted to regurgitating something I had heard previously, “There aren’t really any rules in Urdu, you just have to learn it, and it comes with practice.” Unimpressed, the doctor turned up two days later with a book showing me the rule. I realised the way I learnt Urdu, was possibly not the most practical for a non-native speaker who has not grown up with Urdu, Gujarati or Hindi (and other such languages). Hence began my pursuit. Searching the internet, I first came across Urdu: An Essential Grammar by Ruth Laila Schmidt. Although very useful, it is not very user-friendly and more of a reference book. Once I figured out its structure, after many readings, I started to summarize the rules and making notes of the essential points. Due to various reasons, my pursuit of trying to understand Urdu grammar halted for a few years until I started attempting to transcribe some Urdu lectures of my teacher Mawlana Saleem Dhorat Sahib. My transcription would be full of errors, but worse yet, when I would see the edits he would make on the initial drafts, many times I could not figure out what the mistakes were. This inspired me to restart my journey, and after searching further, I came across a PDF of Qawaid- e-Urdu by Mawlvi Abdul Haq. Again, this book was not meant for a beginner. However, once I got my head around the structure after a couple of reads, I was able to add to my original notes, which were now starting to look like a book. With the help of various Urdu books, magazines, dictionaries (yes, I read Urdu dictionaries) I began to add exercises to my summaries and notes. Fortunately, one year I was given the task to teach Urdu to some part-time alimiyyah course students at Madrasah Riyadhul Quran. As the headteacher, Mufti Sulaiman Lassania (May Allah protect him) was discussing which textbook would be used, I proposed using my notes and exercises. Gratefully, he allowed me to try out my notes, and to some degree, the class was a success. Daily, I would double-check my notes and exercises and present them as handouts to the students. The students seemed to respond positively to the notes, and after class, I would make changes based on how the students responded to the lesson. By the end of the year, the notes were complete, and the book was now ready. Or so I thought. Furthermore, I had what at that time seemed like a brilliant idea: adding lots of useful vocabulary which I had compiled from various dictionaries. And there it was: Urdu A Step By Step Guide was published and through the grace of Allah, some schools and madrasahs began introducing this book into their syllabus. Soon after its publication, I started teaching Urdu using this book. However, within a few lessons, I realized the many flaws in this piece of work; it was filled with vocabulary which was not sufficiently reinforced through exercises, and the structure was not very user-friendly. I therefore decided the book needed a revamp. Over the next four years, with students of various backgrounds and ages, I 8 completely rewrote the book. This time, the vocabulary was introduced in smaller chunks and repeated often within the exercises. Rules were simplified and spread out over many exercises. And through the grace of Allah, “First Steps to Understanding Urdu” was complete. Teaching Urdu If a madrasah or school decides to teach Urdu either as a second or third language, or as a medium of teaching Arabic, it should be taught in a manner which is easy and encouraging for the students. An Urdu syllabus from the subcontinent which is targeted at those children who speak Urdu (or a sister language) as a first language, may prove insufficient in teaching those who are learning it as a new language. In English speaking countries, a child can simply pick up a book and start reading. They have no issue at all understanding that ‘went’ is the past tense of ‘go’, or ‘was’ is the past tense of ‘is’, even though they are spelt very differently. Similarly, children in the subcontinent can pick up a book like ‫ اہلل ےک روسل‬and start reading without any major issues concerning sentence construction. However, someone who has not grown up with the language may find it difficult to understand and master the language by merely reading and listening. If the language is deemed necessary to be taught, either as a foreign language or as a medium, it should be taught properly. Students should be aware of the grammar, its application in writing, prose, and poetry, and speaking. Hopefully, this book or any other Urdu grammar book, can help serve as an introduction to the language. Dua I pray to Allah that he accepts this piece of work from me and makes it a means of reward in the hereafter. I also pray that He rewards all of those who have played any role in my education, formally or informally, or have helped in the preparation and publication of this book. I also request anyone who reads this book and comes across any errors to inform us so we can make the necessary changes in any future prints of this book. Hashim Mohamed 9  Lesson 1 Simple Sentences Rule 1 In Urdu, a simple sentence is made by putting the subject (‫ )دتبما‬first; then putting the information (‫ )ربخ‬after it, followed by the joining word ‫ےہ‬, which is translated as ‘is’. Joining Word ‫ ا‬Predicate ‫ ا‬Subject ‫ےہ‬ ‫امیبر‬ ‫ڑلاکا‬ is sick The boy Rule 2 Sometimes, the word a will be added to the translation of the predicate. ‫ادمحن ب ر‬ ‫اجےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ویسن ب ر‬ ‫بیئھےہ۔ا ا‬ Ahmad is a businessman. Yunus is a carpenter. Exercise 1 Translation Urdu Translation Urdu Translation Urdu blacksmith m ‫ولاہر ا‬ laundryman m ‫دوھبا ا‬ cook m ‫نباورچا ا‬ gardener m ‫امیل ا‬ doctor m ‫ڈاٹکا ا‬ carpenter m ‫ببریئھ ا‬ worker m ‫مردورا ا‬ postman m ‫ڈاایکا ا‬ businessman m ‫نبر‬ ‫اج ا‬ builder m ‫امعمر ا‬ soldier m ‫اپسیہ ا‬ barber m ‫اجحم ا‬ cobbler m ‫ومچ ا‬ judge m ‫اقض ا‬ treasurer m ‫جرایچن ا‬ nurse m ‫رنس ا‬ butcher m ‫اصقیئا ا‬ tailor m ‫درزی ا‬ lawyer m ‫ولیک ا‬ farmer m ‫اسکن ا‬ dentist m ‫ددناناسزا ا‬ Translate the following sentences into English. Notice how the sentences are made. ‫) زریبمردورےہ۔ا‬16 ‫) املساقضےہ۔ا‬11 ‫) ویفسددناناسزےہ۔ا‬6 ‫) ہحلطنباورچےہ۔ا‬1 ‫) آدمامعمرےہ۔ا‬17 ‫) ویسناصقیئےہ۔ا‬12 ‫) البلدوھبےہ۔ا‬7 ‫) اعدلن ب ر‬2 ‫اجےہ۔ا‬ ‫) اردشومچےہ۔ا‬18 ‫) ریمساسکنےہ۔ا‬13 ‫) ادمحڈاٹکےہ۔ا‬8 ‫) زیداجحمےہ۔ا‬3 ‫) افہمطرنسےہ۔ا‬19 ‫) اویبولاہرےہ۔ا‬14 ‫) امثعنڈاایکےہ۔ا‬9 ‫) ایفسنجرایچنےہ۔ا‬4 ‫) دمحمولیکےہ۔ا‬20 ‫) فراحنامیلےہ۔ا‬15 ‫) زادہاپسیہےہ۔ا‬10 ‫) رمعدرزیےہ۔ا‬5 Exercise 2 Translate the following sentences into Urdu. 1) Talha is a lawyer. 5) Bilal is a postman. 9) Ahmad is a butcher. 2) Yusuf is a gardener. 6) Yunus is a farmer. 10) Sufyan is a builder. 3) Fatima is a nurse. 7) Omar is a worker. 11) Uthman is a judge. 4) Aslam is a dentist. 8) Zaid is a cobbler. 12) Zahid is a soldier. 10 Rule 3: There is no word for ‘the’ in Urdu. However, it will have to be added into the translation where necessary. ‫نبر‬ ‫اجزمکوٗرےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫بر‬ ‫بیئھاامدتنارےہ۔ا ا‬ The businessman is weak. The carpenter is honest. Exercise 3 Translation Urdu Translation Urdu Translation Urdu generous adj ‫یخس ا‬ brave adj ‫اہبدر ا‬ trustworthy adj ‫اامندارا ا‬ stingy adj ‫وجنکس ا‬ ill adj ‫امیبر ا‬ leader, rich adj ‫ایما ا‬ strong adj ‫اطوتقرا ا‬ healthy adj ‫دنترسا ا‬ poor adj ‫با‬ ‫رغن ا‬ weak adj ‫زمکور ا‬ hardworking adj ‫یتنحم ا‬ ugly adj ‫دبوصرت ا‬ beautiful, expert adj ‫امہر ا‬ active adj ‫چا ا‬ handsome adj ‫وخوصبرت ا‬ pious adj ‫کین ا‬ lazy adj ‫سسا ا‬ cowardly adj ‫ببردل ا‬ Translate the following sentences into English. ‫) ولیکاطوتقر ےہ۔‬16 ‫) درزیچاےہ۔ا‬11 ‫) جرایچن ببردلےہ۔ا‬6 ‫) امیلاامدتنارےہ۔ا‬1 ‫) ددناناسززمکوراےہ۔ا‬17 ‫) امعمرسسےہ۔ا‬12 ‫) اپسیہاہبدرےہ۔ا‬7 ‫) اصقیئاایمےہا۔ا‬2 ‫) ڈاٹکامہرےہ۔ا‬18 ‫) ومچیخسےہ۔ا‬13 ‫) اقضامیبرےہ۔ا‬8 ‫) اجحم ب‬3 ‫رغنےہ۔ا‬ ‫) ن ب ر‬19 ‫اجکینےہ۔ا‬ ‫) دوھبوجنکسےہ۔ا‬14 ‫) اسکندنترسےہ۔ا‬9 ‫) ولاہردبوصرتےہ۔ا‬4 ‫) ڈاایکیتنحمےہ۔ا‬20 ‫) رنسدنترسےہ۔ا‬15 ‫) مردوریتنحمےہ۔ا‬10 ‫) نباورچوخوصبرتےہ۔ا‬5 Exercise 4 Translate the following sentences into Urdu. 1) The laundryman is pious. 5) The treasurer is stingy. 9) The cook is cowardly. 2) The doctor is an expert. 6) The barber is generous. 10) The farmer is poor. 3) The dentist is weak. 7) The businessman is lazy. 11) The butcher is rich. 4) The tailor is strong. 8) The carpenter is active. 12) The judge is trustworthy. Rule 4: To make a sentence negative, the word ‫ ںیہن‬is placed before the joining word ‫ےہ‬. ‫نبر‬ ‫اجزمکورںیہناےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫بر‬ ‫بیئھاامدتنارںیہناےہ۔ا ا‬ The businessman is not weak. The carpenter is not honest. 11 ‫‪Exercise 5‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into English.‬‬ ‫‪ )11‬اصقیئاامدتنارںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )6‬اسکناہبدرںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )1‬اجحمامہرںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )12‬ومچ ب‬ ‫رغنںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )7‬ڈاٹک ببردلںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )2‬ڈاایکیخسںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )13‬جرایچنوجنکسںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )8‬اپسیہاطوتقرںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )3‬رنسیتنحمںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )14‬اقضدبوصرتںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )9‬مردورچںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )4‬البلامعمرںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )15‬ددناناسززمکورںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )10‬ن ب ر‬ ‫اجدنترسںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )5‬ولاہرسسںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪Exercise 6‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into Urdu.‬‬ ‫‪1) The cook is not brave.‬‬ ‫‪7) The dentist is not generous.‬‬ ‫‪2) The carpenter is not ill.‬‬ ‫‪8) The washer man is not stingy.‬‬ ‫‪3) The businessman is not healthy.‬‬ ‫‪9) The doctor is not strong.‬‬ ‫‪4) The barber is not hardworking.‬‬ ‫‪10) The soldier is not weak.‬‬ ‫‪5) The treasurer is not active.‬‬ ‫‪11) The judge is not an expert.‬‬ ‫‪6) The tailor is not lazy.‬‬ ‫‪12) The farmer is not pious.‬‬ ‫‪Rule 5:‬‬ ‫‪ can be removed.‬ںیہن ‪ after the word‬ےہ ‪Sometimes, the‬‬ ‫نبر‬ ‫اجزمکورےہ‪،‬اطوتقرںیہنا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫مردوریتنحمےہ‪،‬اسساںیہن۔ا ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪The businessman is weak, not strong.‬‬ ‫‪The worker is hardworking, not lazy.‬‬ ‫‪Exercise 7‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into English.‬‬ ‫‪ )13‬اپسیہاہبدرےہ‪ ،‬ببردلںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )7‬زادہاصقیئےہ‪،‬رنسںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )1‬رمعولیکےہ‪،‬امیلںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )14‬البلجرایچنےہ‪،‬اقضںیہن۔ا ا‬ ‫‪ )8‬ولیکایمےہ‪ ،‬ب‬ ‫رغنںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )2‬زیدولاہرےہ‪ ،‬ببریئھاںیہن۔ا ا‬ ‫‪ )15‬اسکنچےہ‪،‬سسںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )9‬اقضیخسےہ‪،‬وجنکسںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )3‬اعدلن ب ر‬ ‫اجےہ‪،‬ڈاایکاںیہن۔ا ا‬ ‫‪ )16‬ویسننباورچےہ‪،‬دوھبںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )10‬ددنانچےہ‪،‬سسںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )4‬املسمردورےہ‪،‬اجحمںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )17‬ولاہروخوصبرتےہ‪،‬دبوصرتںیہنا۔‬ ‫‪ )11‬ومچزمکورےہ‪،‬اطوتقرںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )5‬ریمساپسیہےہ‪،‬امعمرںیہن۔ا ا‬ ‫‪ )18‬ویفسددناناسزےہ‪،‬اسکنںیہن۔‬ ‫‪ )12‬ڈاٹکدنترسےہ‪،‬امیبرںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )6‬ہحلطومچےہ‪،‬درزیںیہن۔ا ا‬ ‫‪Exercise 8‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences.‬‬ ‫‪ )11‬جرایچن ب‬ ‫رغنںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )6‬ادمحومچاںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )1‬رمعامعمرےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )12‬ویفساسکنںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )7‬دمحممردورںیہناےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )2‬ببریئھیتنحمےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )13‬ن ب ر‬ ‫اجوجنکسےہ‪،‬یخسںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )8‬ویسنڈاایکاںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )3‬اپسیہاطوتقرےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )14‬ایفسنولاہرےہ‪،‬اجحمںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )9‬افہمطرنسںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )4‬ادمحیخسںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )15‬آدمولیکےہ‪،‬اقضںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )10‬نباورچامہرںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )5‬اجحمزمکورںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪Rule 6:‬‬ ‫ایک ‪To change a sentence into a question, the word‬‬ ‫‪ is added at the beginning.‬ا‬ ‫ایکرمعدرزیےہ؟ ا‬ ‫?‪Is Omar a tailor‬‬ ‫‪Rule 7:‬‬ ‫‪ (no).‬یجںیہن ‪ (yes), or‬یجاہں ‪To answer a question, use the words‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫یجںیہن‪،‬رمعدرزیںیہناےہ۔ا‬ ‫یجاہں‪،‬رمعدرزیےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪No, Omar is not a tailor.‬‬ ‫‪Yes, Omar is a tailor.‬‬ ‫‪Exercise 9‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into English.‬‬ ‫رغنےہ؟یجںیہن‪ ،‬ب‬ ‫رغنںیہن‪،‬ایمےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )8‬ایکدرزی ب‬ ‫‪ )1‬ایکنباورچامہرےہ؟یجاہں‪،‬امہرےہ ۔‬ ‫‪ )9‬ایکن ب ر‬ ‫اجیتنحمےہ؟یجںیہن‪،‬یتنحمںیہنےہ‪،‬سسےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )2‬ایکامعمر ببردلےہ؟یجںیہن‪ ،‬ببردلںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )10‬ایکددناناسزاطوتقرےہ؟یجاہں‪،‬اطوتقرےہ‪،‬زمکورںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )3‬ایکاجحموجنکسےہ؟یجاہں‪،‬وجنکسےہ‪،‬یخسںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )11‬ایک اپسیہ وخوصبرت ےہ؟ یج ںیہن‪ ،‬اوخوصبرت ںیہن‪،‬ا‬ ‫‪ )4‬ایکاصقیئدنترسےہ؟یجاہں‪،‬اصقیئدنترس۔ا‬ ‫دبوصرتےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )5‬ایک ببریئھاامندارےہ؟یجںیہن‪،‬اامدتنارںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )12‬ایک مردور دبوصرت ےہ؟ یج ںیہن‪ ،‬دبوصرت ںیہن‪،‬ا‬ ‫‪ )6‬ایکجرایچنزمکورےہ؟یجںیہن‪،‬ااطوتقرےہ‪،‬زمکورںیہن۔ا‬ ‫وخوصبرتےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )7‬ایکڈاایکاسسےہ؟یجںیہن‪،‬سسںیہن‪،‬چےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪Rule 8:‬‬ ‫‪ (and) is used to join two words or sentences together.‬اور ‪a) The word‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ادمحزمکورااوراامیبرےہ۔ا‬ ‫رمعیتنحماوراامدتنارےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪Ahmad is weak and ill.‬‬ ‫‪Omar is hardworking and honest.‬‬ ‫‪ means also.‬یھب ‪b) The word‬‬ ‫ایکویسنیتنحمےہ؟یجاہں‪،‬یتنحمےہاوراامدتناریھب۔ا ا‬ ‫?‪Is Yunus hardworking‬‬ ‫‪Yes, he is hardworking and is also honest.‬‬ ‫کیل ‪c) The words‬‬ ‫‪ mean but.‬رگم ‪ and‬ا‬ ‫ویسنیتنحمےہکیلااامدتنارںیہن۔ا ا‬ ‫‪Yunus is hardworking but not trustworthy.‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ Exercise 10 Translate the following sentences into English. ‫ اصقیئ دنترس ےہ اورا‬،‫) ایک اصقیئ دنترس ےہ؟ یج اہں‬8 ‫چےہااوریتنحمیھب۔ا‬،‫) ایکاقضچےہ؟یجاہں‬1 ‫اطوتقریھب۔ا‬ ‫یخسںیہن۔ا‬،‫کیلوجنکسےہ‬،‫ایمےہ‬،‫) ایکامیلایمےہ؟یجاہں‬2 ‫ کیل زمکور ےہ اورا‬،‫ ببردل ںیہن‬،‫) ایک امعمر ببردل ےہ؟ یج ںیہن‬9 ‫کیلسسےہ۔ا‬،‫اسکنامیبرںیہن‬،‫) ایکاسکنامیبرےہ؟یجںیہن‬3 ‫امیبریھب۔‬ ‫کیلیتنحمںیہنا۔‬،‫وخوصبرتےہ‬،‫ںا‬ ‫) ایکدوھبوخوصبرتےہا؟یجاہ ا‬4 ‫) ایک ن ب ر‬10 ‫ کیل‬،‫ سس ےہ‬،‫ یتنحم ںیہن ےہ‬،‫اج یتنحم ےہ؟ یج ںیہن‬ ‫وجنکسںیہنکیلاامدتنارںیہن ا۔‬،‫یخسےہ‬،‫ںا‬ ‫یجاہ ا‬ ‫) ایکولیکیخسےہ؟ ا‬5 ‫کینےہ۔ا‬ ‫اصقیئدنترسےہاوریتنحمیھبا۔‬،‫) ایکاصقیئدنترسےہ؟یجاہں‬6 ‫ت‬ ‫) ایک مردورادبوصرت ےہ؟ایج ا‬11 ‫کیلکینا‬،‫ ببردلےہ‬،‫اہبدر ںیہن‬،‫) ایکولاہرااہبدرےہ؟ایج ںیہن‬7 ‫ وخوصبر ا‬،‫ادبوصرت ںیہن‬،‫ںیہن‬ ‫یھب ا۔‬ ‫ےہاوردنترس ا‬ ‫ےہ۔‬ Exercise 11 Translate the following sentences into Urdu. 1) Is Omar a tailor? Yes, Omar is a tailor. 12) Is the blacksmith ugly? No, the blacksmith is 2) Is the judge pious? Yes, the judge is pious. handsome. 3) Is the builder lazy? Yes, the builder is lazy. 13) Is Fatimah a dentist? No, Fatimah is a 4) Is Sameer a doctor? Yes, Sameer is a doctor. doctor, not a dentist. 5) Is Talha a carpenter? Yes, Talha is a 14) Is Zainab a soldier? No, Zainab is a dentist, carpenter. not a soldier. 6) Is the farmer weak? No, the farmer is not 15) Is the cobbler active? No, the cobbler is lazy, weak. not active. 7) Is Muhammad a cook? No, Muhammad is a 16) Is the nurse hardworking? Yes, the nurse is lawyer. hardworking. 8) Is Sufyan a treasurer? No, Sufyan is not a 17) Is Aslam a postman? No, Aslam is a judge, treasurer. not a postman. 9) Is Adil a Businessman? No, Adil is not a 18) Is the worker trustworthy? Yes, the worker businessman. is trustworthy. 10) Is Yusuf a laundryman? Yes, Yusuf is a 19) Is Zaid a barber? Yes, Zaid is a barber, not a laundryman. businessman. 11) Is the butcher an expert? No, the butcher is 20) Is the gardener stingy? Yes, the gardener is not an expert. stingy, not generous. 14  ‫‪Lesson 2‬‬ ‫‪Demonstrative Pronouns‬‬ ‫‪Rule 1:‬‬ ‫‪ (that) are used.‬وہ ‪ (this) and‬ہی ‪To point at something the words‬‬ ‫وہن ب ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اجےہ۔ا‬ ‫ہی ببریئھےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫‪That is a businessman.‬‬ ‫‪This is a carpenter.‬‬ ‫‪Exercise 1‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into English.‬‬ ‫‪ )16‬وہاپسیہےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )11‬وہزبنیےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )6‬ہین ب ر‬ ‫اجےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )1‬ہیاصقیئےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )17‬ہیخدہجیےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )12‬وہڈاایکاےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )7‬وہادمحےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )2‬وہریمسےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )18‬وہومچےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )13‬ہیاقضےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )8‬ہیجرایچنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )3‬وہ ببریئھےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )19‬ہیویسنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )14‬وہافہمطےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )9‬ہیدمحمےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )4‬ہیویفسےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )20‬وہددناناسزےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )15‬ہیولیکےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )10‬ہیدوھبےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )5‬وہاسکنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪Exercise 2‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into Urdu.‬‬ ‫‪1) This is a washerman.‬‬ ‫‪6) That is a farmer.‬‬ ‫‪11) This is a barber.‬‬ ‫‪2) That is a doctor.‬‬ ‫‪7) This is a blacksmith.‬‬ ‫‪12) This is a nurse.‬‬ ‫‪3) This is a soldier.‬‬ ‫‪8) That is a gardener.‬‬ ‫‪13) This is a blacksmith.‬‬ ‫‪4) That is a judge.‬‬ ‫‪9) This is a builder.‬‬ ‫‪14) That is a cook.‬‬ ‫‪5) This is a butcher.‬‬ ‫‪10) That is a tailor.‬‬ ‫‪15) That is a treasurer.‬‬ ‫‪Rule 2:‬‬ ‫‪ is used.‬وکن ‪To ask about someone, the word‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وہوکنےہ؟ا‬ ‫ہیوکنےہ؟ ا‬ ‫?‪ Who is that‬ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫?‪ Who is this‬ا‬ ‫‪Exercise 3‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into English.‬‬ ‫‪ )15‬وہوکنےہ؟اوہولیکےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )8‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیاپسیہےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )1‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیامیلےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )16‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیرنسےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )9‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیامعمرےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )2‬وہوکنےہ؟اوہولاہرےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )17‬وہوکنےہ؟اوہومچےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )10‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہینباورچےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )3‬وہوکنےہ؟اوہڈاٹکےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )18‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیادرزیےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )11‬وہوکنےہ؟اوہخدہجیےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )4‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہین ب ر‬ ‫اجےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )19‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیویفسےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )12‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیمردورےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )5‬وہوکنےہ؟وہادمحےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪)20‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیجرایچنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )13‬وہوکنےہ؟وہ ببریئھےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )6‬وہوکنےہ؟اوہڈاایکاےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )21‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیددناناسزےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )14‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیدوھبےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )7‬وہوکنےہ؟اوہاجحمےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪15‬‬ Exercise 4 Translate the following sentences into Urdu. 1) Who is this? This is Fatima. 9) Who is this? This is Zainab. 2) Who is that? That is a butcher. 10) Who is that? That is a barber. 3) Who is this? This is Yusuf. 11) Who is that? That is a businessman. 4) Who is this? This is a postman. 12) Who is this? This is Ahmad. 5) Who is that? That is Sameer. 13) Who is that? That is a dentist. 6) Who is this? This is a farmer. 14) Who is this? This is a soldier. 7) Who is that? That is Sufyan. 15) Who is that? That is a cobbler. 8) Who is this? This is a lawyer. 16) Who is this? This is a judge. Rule 3: The words ‫ہی‬ ‫ ا‬and ‫ وہ‬can be joined to the following word to become part of a sentence, like the subject. ‫[ہیومچا]ایمےہ۔ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫[ہی]ومچےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫ا‬ [This cobbler] is rich. [This] is a cobbler. Exercise 5 Translation Urdu Translation Urdu Translation Urdu lady f ‫وعرت ا‬ brother m ‫اھبیئا ا‬ man m ‫آدیما ا‬ boy m ‫ڑلاکا ا‬ sister f ‫نہب ا‬ baby boy m ‫چبا ا‬ girl f ‫ڑلیکا ا‬ friend m ‫دوسا ا‬ baby girl f ‫یچب ا‬ Translate the following sentences into English. ‫) وہڑلیککینےہ۔ا‬16 ‫) وہدوسےہ۔ا‬11 ‫) وہیچب ببردلےہ۔ا‬6 ‫) ہیآدیمےہ۔ا‬1 ‫) ہی ببریئھےہ۔ا‬17 ‫) ہیدوسسسےہ۔ا‬12 ‫) ہیاھبیئےہ۔ا‬7 ‫) ہیآدیمایمےہ۔ا‬2 ‫) ہی ببریئھامہرںیہنےہ۔ا‬18 ‫) ہیوعرتےہ۔ا‬13 ‫) ہیاھبیئاہبدرےہ۔ا‬8 ‫) وہچبےہ۔ا‬3 ‫) وہددناناسزےہ۔ا‬19 ‫) ہیوعرتیتنحمےہ۔ا‬14 ‫) ہینہبےہ۔ا‬9 ‫) وہچبوخوصبرتےہ۔ا‬4 ‫) وہددناناسزیتنحمےہ۔ا‬20 ‫) وہڑلاکچاںیہنےہ۔ا‬15 ‫) وہنہبامیبرےہ۔ا‬10 ‫) ہییچبےہ۔ا‬5 Exercise 6 Translate the following sentences into Urdu. 1) This is a girl. 7) This is a friend. 13) That is a baby girl. 2) That girl is pious. 8) That friend is stingy. 14) That baby girl is active. 3) That is a boy. 9) This is a sister. 15) This is a baby boy. 4) This boy is weak. 10) That sister is generous. 16) This baby boy is beautiful. 5) That is a lady. 11) That is a brother. 17) This is a man. 6) This lady is strong. 12) This brother is lazy. 18) This man is brave. Rule 4: To ask about something, the word ‫ایک‬ ‫ ا‬is used instead of ‫وکن‬. ‫ہیایکےہ؟ا ا‬ What is this? 16 Exercise 7 Translation Urdu Translation Urdu Translation Urdu chair f ‫رکیس ا‬ door m ‫دروازہا ا‬ garden m ‫نباغ ا‬ room m ‫رمکہ ا‬ wall f ‫دویار ا‬ bed m ‫رتسب ا‬ window f ‫ڑھکیکا ا‬ stairs, ladder f ‫ڑیسیھ ا‬ fan m ‫اھکنپ ا‬ shelf f ‫ااملری ا‬ sofa m ‫وصہف ا‬ lock m ‫نال ا‬ table f ‫زیم ا‬ carpet m ‫اقنیل ا‬ key f ‫اچبا ا‬ Translate the following sentences into English. ‫) ہیایکےہ؟ہیرکیسےہ۔ا ا‬11 ‫) ہیایکےہ؟ہیدروازہےہ۔ا ا‬6 ‫) ہیایکےہ؟ہینباغےہ۔ا ا‬1 ‫) وہایکےہ؟وہرمکہےہ۔ا‬12 ‫) وہایکاےہ؟وہادویارےہ۔ا‬7 ‫) ہیایکےہ؟ہیرتسبےہ۔ا ا‬2 ‫) وہایکےہ؟وہڑھکیکےہ۔ا ا‬13 ‫) ہیایکےہ؟ہیڑیسیھےہ۔ا ا‬8 ‫) وہایکےہ؟وہاھکنپےہ۔ا‬3 ‫) وہایکےہ؟وہااملریےہ۔ا ا‬14 ‫) وہایکےہ؟وہوصہفےہ۔ا ا‬9 ‫) ہیایکےہ؟ہینالےہ۔ا‬4 ‫) ہیایکےہ؟اہیزیمےہ۔ا‬15 ‫) ہیایکےہ؟ہیاقنیلےہ۔ا ا‬10 ‫) وہایکےہ؟وہاچبےہ۔ا ا‬5 Exercise 8 Translate the following sentences into Urdu. 1) What is this? This is a door. 8) What is this? This is a room. 2) What is that? That is a wall. 9) What is that? That is a chair. 3) What is this? This is a ladder. 10) What is this? This is a key. 4) What is this? This is a carpet. 11) What is that? That is a lock. 5) What is that? That is a table. 12) What is this? This is a fan. 6) What is this? This is a shelf. 13) What is that? That is a bed. 7) What is that? That is a window. 14) What is this? This is a garden. Rule 5: Remember, if ‫ایک‬ ‫ ا‬comes at the beginning of the sentence it changes it into a question; and if it occurs in the middle of the sentence, it means what. ‫ ایک‬at the Beginning ‫ ایک‬in the Middle ‫ایکہیآدیمےہ؟ا‬ ‫ہیایکےہ؟ا‬ Is this a man? What is this? 17 ‫‪Exercise 9‬‬ ‫‪Translation‬‬ ‫‪Urdu‬‬ ‫‪Translation‬‬ ‫‪Urdu‬‬ ‫‪Translation‬‬ ‫‪Urdu‬‬ ‫‪cheap‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫اتسس ا‬ ‫‪old‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫رپانا ا‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫اھچا ا‬ ‫‪expensive‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫اگنہم ا‬ ‫‪new‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫ین ا‬ ‫‪bad, evil‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫ُب ر‬ ‫با ا‬ ‫‪clean‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫اصف ا‬ ‫‪dishonest‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫وھجنا ا‬ ‫‪big‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫بر‬ ‫با ا‬ ‫‪dirty‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫الیما ا‬ ‫‪honest‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫اچس ا‬ ‫‪small‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫وھچنا ا‬ ‫‪.‬ایک ‪Translate the following sentences. Make sure you differentiate between the two types of‬‬ ‫‪ )13‬ہیوکنےہ؟ہیدرزیےہ۔ایکدرزیاچسےہ؟یجاہں‪،‬اچسےہا‬ ‫‪ )1‬وہوکنےہ؟وہخدہجیےہ۔ایکخدہجیاامدتنارےہ؟ا‬ ‫اوریتنحمیھب۔ا‬ ‫‪ )2‬ایکہینباغےہ؟یجاہںہینباغےہ۔ایکنباغالیمےہ؟ا‬ ‫‪ )14‬ہی وکن ےہ؟ ہی ویفس ےہ۔ ایک ویفس وھجنا ےہ؟ یج ںیہن‪،‬ا‬ ‫‪ )3‬ایکہیاصقیئوخوصبرتےہ؟یجاہں‪،‬ہیاصقیئوخوصبرتےہا۔‬ ‫وھجناںیہن‪،‬اچساوراامدتنارےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )4‬وہوکنےہ؟وہڈاٹکےہ‪،‬اورہیوکنےہ؟ہیرنسےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )15‬ایک ہی ااملریےہ؟ یج ںیہن‪ ،‬ہی ااملریںیہن‪ ،‬ہیاوصہف ےہ۔ ایکا‬ ‫‪ )5‬ہیایکےہ؟ہیوصہفےہ۔ایکوصہف ببراےہ؟یجںیہن‪ ،‬ا‬ ‫وھچنےہا۔‬ ‫ہیوصہفاگنہمےہ؟یجاہںہیوصہفاگنہمےہ‪،‬اتسسںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )6‬وہایکےہ؟وہنالےہ۔اایکنالاھچےہ؟یجاہں‪،‬اھچےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )16‬ایک وہ اھکنپ ےہ؟ یج ںیہن‪،‬اوہ اھکنپ ںیہن ےہ‪ ،‬وہ دروازہ ےہ۔ ایکا‬ ‫‪ )7‬وہایکےہ؟وہرتسبےہ۔ایکرتسب ب ر‬ ‫باےہ؟یجںیہن‪،‬وھچناےہ۔ا‬ ‫وہدروازہرپاناےہ؟یجاہںرپاناےہ‪،‬ینںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )8‬ایکوہجرایچنےہ؟یجںیہن‪،‬وہجرایچنںیہنےہ‪،‬مردورےہ۔ا‬ ‫اج ب‬ ‫رغنںیہن‪،‬ایمےہ‪،‬ا‬ ‫رغنےہ؟یجںیہن‪،‬ہین ب ر‬ ‫اج ب‬ ‫‪ )17‬ایکوہان ب ر‬ ‫ایکیتنحمےہ‪،‬کیلاامدتنارںیہن ا۔‬ ‫ایکیتنحمےہ؟یجاہں‪،‬وہڈا ا‬ ‫‪ )9‬ایکوہڈا ا‬ ‫کیلوجنکسےہ‪،‬یخسںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )10‬وہایکےہ؟وہڑھکیکےہ۔ایکڑھکیکاصفےہ؟اہں‪،‬اصفےہ ا۔‬ ‫‪ )18‬ایکوہویسنےہ؟یجاہںوہویسنےہ۔ایکویسناصقیئےہ؟یجا‬ ‫‪ )11‬ایکہیرنسسسےہ؟ںیہن‪،‬ہیرنسسسںیہن‪،‬کیلامیبرےہ ا۔‬ ‫ںیہن‪ ،‬اصقیئ ںیہن‪ ،‬اپسیہ ےہ۔ ایک ویسن اہبدر ےہ؟ یج ںیہن‪،‬ا‬ ‫‪ )12‬ہیایکےہ؟ہیاقنیلےہ۔ایکاقنیلرپاناےہ؟اہں‪،‬رپاناےہ‪،‬ا‬ ‫اہبدرںیہن‪ ،‬ببردلےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫کیلاھچےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪Exercise 10‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into Urdu.‬‬ ‫‪1) What is that? That is a bed. Is the bed new? Yes, the bed is new, not old.‬‬ ‫‪2) What is this? This is a carpet. Is the carpet dirty? No, the carpet is not dirty.‬‬ ‫‪3) What is this? This is a fan. Is the fan clean? No, this fan is not clean. This fan is dirty.‬‬ ‫‪4) What is that? That is a lock. Is the lock expensive? Yes, the lock is expensive, not cheap.‬‬ ‫‪5) What is that? That is a sofa. Is the sofa good? Yes, that sofa is good, that sofa is not bad.‬‬ ‫‪6) What is this? This a garden. Is the garden big? No, the garden is not big, the garden small.‬‬ ‫‪7) Who is this? This is a judge. Is the judge dishonest? No, the judge is not dishonest, the judge is‬‬ ‫‪honest.‬‬ ‫‪8) Who is that? That is Uthman. Is Uthman a dentist? No, Uthman is not a dentist. Uthman is a‬‬ ‫‪worker. Is Uthman strong? Yes, Uthman is not weak. Uthman is strong and hardworking also.‬‬ ‫‪9) Who is that? That is a man. Is that man dishonest? No, that man is not dishonest. That man is‬‬ ‫‪honest and trustworthy, and is also pious and hardworking, but ill and weak.‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬  Lesson 3 Gender Rule 1: In Urdu, all nouns have a gender, either masculine (‫ )ذمرک‬or feminine (‫)ؤمنا‬. Words that end in ‫ ا‬or ‫ ہ‬are usually masculine, and words that end in ‫ی‬ ‫ ا‬are usually feminine. ‫ا‬ ‫ڑلیکا‬ ‫ڑلاکا ا‬ girl boy Rule 2: If a word does not end in ‫ا‬, ‫ اہ‬or ‫ی‬ ‫ ا‬, its gender will have to be learnt. Rule 3: Some words end in ‫ی‬ ‫ ا‬but are still considered masculine because they are used for males. ‫ا‬ ‫آدیما‬ ‫اھبیئا ا‬ man brother The table below summarises the rules of gender. Ends in ‫ ا‬or ‫اه‬ ‫ڑلاکا‬ Masculine Does not end in ‫ ا‬or ‫اه‬ ‫رھگا‬ Ends in ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ڑلیکا‬ Feminine Does not end in ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زیم‬ Rule 4: In the vocab lists, there will be a f next to feminine words and an m next to masculine words. Vocab Translation Urdu Translation Urdu Translation Urdu exercise book f ‫اکپا ا‬ desk f ‫اپٹیئ ا‬ wife f ‫ویبی ا‬ Car f ‫اگڑی ا‬ hat f ‫وٹپا ا‬ turban f ‫ڑگپی ا‬ house m ‫رھگا ا‬ part m ‫ہصح ا‬ pillow m ‫ہیکت ا‬ watch, clock f ‫ڑھگی ا‬ street f ‫ڑسکا ا‬ bag f ‫یلیھت ا‬ Exercise 1 Translate the following words and state whether they are masculine or feminine. ‫) رتسب‬31 ‫) وعرت‬26 ‫) آدیما‬21 ‫) ااملری‬16 ‫) ڑھکیکا‬11 ‫) وٹپا‬6 ‫) ویبی‬1 ‫) اقنیل‬32 ‫) ڑلاکا‬27 ‫) چبا‬22 ‫) اھکنپ‬17 ‫) ڑیسیھ‬12 ‫) اکپا‬7 ‫) ڑگپی‬2 ‫) نباغ‬33 ‫) ڑلیکا‬28 ‫) یچب‬23 ‫) نال‬18 ‫) رمکہ‬13 ‫) اگڑی‬8 ‫) ہیکت‬3 ‫) دویار‬34 ‫) رھگا‬29 ‫) اھبیئا‬24 ‫) ڑھگی‬19 ‫) وصہف‬14 ‫) دروازہا‬9 ‫) یلیھت‬4 ‫) زیم‬35 ‫) ڑسکا‬30 ‫) نہب‬25 ‫) ہصح‬20 ‫) رکیس‬15 ‫) اچبا‬10 ‫) اپٹیئ‬5 19  Lesson 4 Plurals Rule 1: If a masculine word ends in ‫ ا‬or ‫ہ‬, a ‫ ے‬is added to make it plural. ‫ےچب‬  ‫چبا‬ ‫ڑلےکا‬  ‫ڑلاکا‬ If a masculine word does not end in ‫ ا‬or ‫ہ‬, it will remain the same when it is made plural. ‫رھگا‬  ‫رھگا‬ The table below summarises how to make the plural of masculine words. Singular Addition Plural Masculine Ends in ‫ ا‬or ‫اه‬ ‫ڑلاکا‬ ‫ےا‬ ‫ڑلےکا ا‬ Word  ‫ا‬ Does not end in ‫ ا‬or ‫اه‬ ‫رتسب‬  ‫رتسب‬ Exercise 1 Change the following words into the plural and then translate. ‫) رتسب‬16 ‫) اقنیل‬13 ‫) دروازہا‬10 ‫) نال‬7 ‫) اھبیئا‬4 ‫) آدیما‬1 ‫) درزی‬17 ‫) رمکہ‬14 ‫) دوسا‬11 ‫) ہیکتا‬8 ‫) اھکنپا‬5 ‫) نباغا‬2 ‫) ڑلاکا‬18 ‫) رھگا‬15 ‫) وصہف‬12 ‫) ہصحا‬9 ‫ڈاکا‬ ‫) ا‬6 ‫) چبا‬3 Rule 2: If a feminine word ends in ‫ی‬ ‫ ا‬, the letters ‫ اں‬are added to make it plural. ‫ڑلایکںا‬  ‫ڑلیکا‬ If a feminine word does not end in ‫ی‬ ‫ ا‬, the letters ‫ ںی‬are added to make it plural. ‫اتکیبا‬  ‫اتکب‬ The table below summarises how to make the plural of feminine words. Singular Addition Plural Feminine Ends in ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ڑلیکا‬ ‫اں ا‬ ‫ڑلایکںا ا‬ Word  ‫ا‬ Does not end in ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬ ‫زیم‬ ‫ںی‬ ‫زیمںی‬ Exercise 2 Change the following words into the plural and then translate. ‫) ڑھگیا‬17 ‫) اکپا‬13 ‫) دویارا‬9 ‫) یلیھتا‬5 ‫) یچبا‬1 ‫) ڑلیکا‬18 ‫) رکیسا‬14 ‫) ڑسکا‬10 ‫) اپٹیئا‬6 ‫) نہب‬2 ‫) ااملریا‬19 ‫) ڑھکیکا‬15 ‫) ڑیسیھ‬11 ‫) وٹپا‬7 ‫ویبی‬ ‫) ا‬3 ‫) زیما‬20 ‫) اگڑیا‬16 ‫) وعرت‬12 ‫) اچبا‬8 ‫) ڑگپیا‬4 20 Note 1: The table below summarises how to make the plural of a masculine or feminine word. Singular Addition Plural Masculine Ends in ‫ ا‬or ‫اه‬ ‫ڑلاکا‬ ‫ےا‬ ‫ڑلےکا ا‬ Word  ‫ا‬ Does not end in ‫ ا‬or ‫اه‬ ‫رتسب‬  ‫رتسب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ Feminine Ends in ‫ ا‬or ‫اه‬ ‫ڑلیکا‬ ‫اں ا‬ ‫ڑلایکںا ا‬ Word  ‫ا‬ Does not end in ‫ ا‬or ‫اه‬ ‫زیم‬ ‫ںی‬ ‫زیمںی‬ Exercise 3 Change the following into the plural and then translate. ‫) اگڑیا‬25 ‫) ہیکتا‬19 ‫) زیما‬13 ‫) ڑلیکا‬7 ‫) چبا‬1 ‫) ہصحا‬26 ‫) یلیھتا‬20 ‫) وصہف‬14 ‫) اچبا‬8 ‫) یچبا‬2 ‫) ڑھکیکا‬27 ‫) نال‬21 ‫) ویبیا‬15 ‫) اقنیل‬9 ‫) اھبیئا‬3 ‫) ااملریا‬28 ‫) اپٹیئا‬22 ‫) دوسا‬16 ‫) رمکہ‬10 ‫) نہب‬4 ‫) دروازہا‬29 ‫) اھکنپا‬23 ‫) ڑسکا‬17 ‫) نباغا‬11 ‫) وعرت‬5 ‫) ڑیسیھ‬30 ‫) اکپا‬24 ‫) ڑگپیا‬18 ‫) دویارا‬12 ‫) ڑلاکا‬6 Exercise 4 Translate the following words. Make sure you understand the difference between the singular and plural words. ‫) رکیس‬21 ‫) دویارںی‬16 ‫) اپٹایئں‬11 ‫) ےھکنپ‬6 ‫) ںینہب‬1 ‫) رمکے‬22 ‫) ڑیسایھں‬17 ‫) وٹپا‬12 ‫) ناےل‬7 ‫) ویبی‬2 ‫) رھگا‬23 ‫) وصےف‬18 ‫) صحا‬13 ‫) نال‬8 ‫) ویبناں‬3 ‫) ڑلیکا‬24 ‫) وعرںیت‬19 ‫) ہصح‬14 ‫) ےیکت‬9 ‫) ڑگپناں‬4 ‫) زیمںی‬25 ‫) اکایپںا‬20 ‫) دویار‬15 ‫) یلیھت‬10 ‫) اھکنپ‬5 Exercise 5 Translate the following words into Urdu. Ensure you make the plurals correctly. 1) boy 8) men 15) locks 22) rooms 29) hats 2) boys 9) friends 16) keys 23) windows 30) cars 3) girl 10) baby boys 17) doors 24) tables 31) clocks 4) girls 11) baby girls 18) walls 25) turbans 32) houses 5) sisters 12) gardens 19) stairs 26) pillows 33) streets 6) ladies 13) beds 20) sofas 27) bags 34) parts 7) man 14) fans 21) chairs 28) desks 35) books 21 Rule 3: a) When a plural word is used in a sentence, the joining word ‫ےہ‬ ‫ ا‬changes to ‫ںیہ‬. In English, the word is will change to are. ‫ڑلےکیتنحماںیہ۔ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ڑلاکیتنحمےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫ ا‬The boys are hardworking ‫ا‬ The boy is hardworking. b) If two words are joined with ‫اور‬, the joining word ‫ ںیہ‬will be used. ‫کیلاخدلاورزریبسساںیہ۔ا ا‬،‫ادمحاوردمحمیتنحماںیہ‬ Ahmed and Muhammad are hardworking, ‫ ا‬but Khalid and Zubair are lazy. c) When ‫ ہی‬or ‫ وہ‬are used with plural words, they are translated as “these” and “those”. ‫ا‬ ‫وہڑلےکاںیہ۔ا‬ ‫ہیڑلےکاںیہ۔ا ا‬ ‫ ا‬Those are boys. ‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬These are boys. Exercise 6 Translate the following sentences into English. ‫کیلکینںیہ۔ا‬،‫) ویبناںسسںیہ‬21 ‫) ایچبںوجنکسںیہ۔ا‬11 ‫) ہین ب ر‬1 ‫اجایمےہ۔ا‬ ‫) وہڑلاکایمےہکیلوجنکسےہ۔ا‬22 ‫) ہیےچباامدتنارںیہ۔ا‬12 ‫) رنسیتنحمےہ۔ا‬2 ‫اورسسیھب۔‬،‫) وہدوسوھجناےہ‬23 ‫) وہنالاتسسںیہنےہ۔ا‬13 ‫اج ب‬ ‫رغنںیہ۔ا‬ ‫) وہن ب ر‬3 ‫) وہڑلےک ب‬24 ‫کیلیخسںیہ۔‬،‫رغنںیہ‬ ‫) ہیدوسسسںیہ۔ا‬14 ‫) وہآدیمامہرںیہ۔ا‬4 ‫کیلسسںیہ۔ا‬،‫) ہیڑلایکںاطوتقرںیہ‬25 ‫) ہیےچباامدتنارںیہنںیہ۔ا‬15 ‫) وہآدیمامہرےہ۔ا‬5 ‫وخوصبرتںیہن۔‬،‫) اجحمدبوصرتںیہ‬26 ‫) ہیرکایسںایھچںیہ۔ا‬16 ‫) ںینہبکینںیہ۔ا‬6 ‫کیلامیبرںیہ۔ا‬،‫) ہیوعرںیتزمکورںیہنںیہ‬27 ‫) وہدروازےاصفںیہ۔ا‬17 ‫) رنںیسیتنحمںیہ۔ا‬7 ‫) ہیااملرناںاصفاںیہاوروہزیمںیااصفںیہن۔ا‬28 ‫) درزیاورنباورچےچسںیہ۔ا‬18 ‫) وصےفاصفںیہ۔ا‬8 ‫اور ببردلیھب۔ا‬،‫سسںیہ‬،‫) مردورچںیہنںیہ‬29 ‫سسںیہ۔ا‬،‫) اھبیئیتنحمںیہنںیہ‬19 ‫) وہاپسیہاہبدرںیہ۔ا‬9 ‫ادمحن ب ر‬،‫) ہیادمحےہ‬30 ‫امیبرںیہن۔ا‬،‫) اقضدنترسےہ‬20 ‫وجنکسںیہن۔ا‬،‫ادمحیخسےہ‬،‫اجےہ‬ ‫) ہیاپسیہ ببردلےہ۔ا‬10 Exercise 7 Translate the following sentences into Urdu. 1) The sisters are pious. 9) The wives are generous, not stingy. 2) The houses are clean. 10) These men are lawyers, not cobblers. 3) The streets are not clean. 11) The businessmen are hardworking, not lazy. 4) The men are healthy, not ill. 12) The ladies are active and hardworking, not lazy. 5) The judges are ill, not healthy. 13) The wives are poor, not rich, but (they are) 6) The women are weak, not strong. generous. 7) The boys are brave, not cowards. 14) The brothers are strong not weak, but (they are) 8) The brothers are active, not lazy. sick. 22  Lesson 5 Adjectives Rule 1: An adjective can be added before a noun to describe it. ‫کینآدیما ا‬ pious man Exercise 1 Translate the following sentences into English. ‫) دبوصرتڑلاکا‬25 ‫) سسویفسا‬19 ‫) امیبرآدیما‬13 ‫) رپانادروازہا‬7 ‫) ایمویبی‬1 ‫) ببردلڑلایکں‬26 ‫) اطوتقررنسا‬20 ‫) یتنحمویسنا‬14 ‫) ینوصہفا‬8 ‫) اھچارتسبا‬2 ‫) دنترساوعرںیت‬27 ‫ب‬ ‫رغنامعمرا‬ )21 ‫) وھجناآدیما‬15 ‫) اگنہمہیکت‬9 ‫) اچسچبا‬3 ‫) سسددناناسزا‬28 ‫) زمکورومچا‬22 ‫) اتسساقنیل‬16 ‫) الیمرھگا‬10 ‫) ببراڑلاکا‬4 ‫) وخوصبرتنہبا‬29 ‫) وجنکسامیلا‬23 ‫) اصفدویارا‬17 ‫) یخسولیکا‬11 ‫) ببرااھکنپ‬5 ‫) اامنداراصقیئا‬30 ‫) امہردرزی‬24 ‫) چایچبا‬18 ‫) اہبدرچبا‬12 ‫) وھچنانال‬6 Exercise 2 Translate the following sentences into Urdu. 1) good carpet 5) old lock 9) cheap pillow 13) hardworking 2) bad man 6) new door 10) lazy washerman farmer 3) big room 7) dishonest lawyer 11) expensive garden 14) poor woman 4) small sofa 8) honest butcher 12) clean bed 15) dirty fan Rule 2: a) If an adjective ends in an ‫ا‬, it will change to match the noun after it. For example, if the noun after it is masculine and plural it will change to a ‫ے‬. ‫اےھچوصےفا‬  ‫اھچوصہفا‬ b) If the adjective does not end in ‫ا‬, it will remain the same. ‫اصفرمکےا‬  ‫اصفرمکہا‬ Exercise 3 Translate the following sentences into English. Notice how the adjective changes. ‫) اتسسہیکتا‬21 ‫) ےئنوصےفا‬16 ‫) وھچےٹےھکنپا‬11 ‫) ببرےڑلےکا‬6 ‫) اھچہیکتا‬1 ‫) ےگنہمناےلا‬22 ‫) وھجےٹڑلےکا‬17 ‫) وھچنااھکنپ‬12 ‫) یخسڑلاکا‬7 ‫) اےھچےیکتا‬2 ‫) اصفاقنیلا‬23 ‫) وھجناڑلاکا‬18 ‫) رپانادروازہا‬13 ‫) یخسڑلےکا‬8 ‫) اصفہیکتا‬3 ‫) الیمرمکہ‬24 ‫) اچسدرزی‬19 ‫) رپاےندروازےا‬14 ‫) ببرےصحا‬9 ‫) اصفےیکتا‬4 ‫) ےلیمرمکےا‬25 ‫) اگنہمرھگا‬20 ‫) ینوصہف‬15 ‫) ببراہصحا‬10 ‫) ببراڑلاکا‬5 23 Exercise 4 Translate the following sentences into Urdu, then change them into the plural. 1) dirty house 5) cheap fan 9) old room 13) expert judge 2) big part 6) big garden 10) small door 14) big sofa 3) clean pillow 7) generous boy 11) lazy tailor 15) dishonest boy 4) expensive lock 8) new carpet 12) new lock 16) true friend Rule 3: a) If the word after an adjective is feminine the ‫ ا‬will change to ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬. ‫یڑیسیھا‬ ‫با‬‫بر‬ b) If the feminine word after the adjective is plural, there will be no additional changes. ‫یڑیسایھںا‬ ‫با‬‫بر‬ Exercise 5 Translate the following sentences into English. Notice how the adjective changes. ‫) یتسسڑگپناںا‬16 ‫) یئنرکیسا‬11 ‫) ببریاچایبںا‬6 ‫) ایھچیچبا‬1 ‫) یگنہمیلیھتا‬17 ‫) وھجیٹڑلایکںا‬12 ‫) وھچیٹنہب‬7 ‫) ایھچایچبںا‬2 ‫) اصفاکایپںا‬18 ‫) یئنرکایسںا‬13 ‫) وھچیٹںینہب‬8 ‫) ببریزیما‬3 ‫) یلیماگڑی‬19 ‫) یچسیچبا‬14 ‫) رپایندویارںی‬9 ‫) ببریزیمںی‬4 ‫)یلیماگڑناں ا‬20 ‫) یتسسڑگپی‬15 ‫) رپایندویارا‬10 ‫) ببریاچبا‬5 Exercise 6 Translate the following sentences into Urdu, then change them into the plural. 1) Small bag 5) Big hat 9) Cheap car 13) Lazy sister 2) Honest woman 6) Bad lady 10) Old watch 14) New key 3) Dirty desk 7) New exercise book 11) Good chair 15) Old wall 4) Dishonest girl 8) Expensive turban 12) Clean shelf 16) Big stair Note 1: There are a few words which don’t follow the ‫ہ‬/‫=ا‬masculine and ‫ی‬‫= ا‬feminine rules. i.e. there are exceptions from the rule. Some of these are given below: Translation Urdu Translation Urdu medicine f ‫دوا ا‬ water m ‫ناین ا‬ wind f ‫وہا ا‬ place f ‫گجا ا‬ Note 2: The table below summarises the changes an adjective undergoes depending on the gender and number of the following word. Feminine Masculine Noun Noun ‫ایھچاڑلیکا‬ ‫اھچاڑلاکا‬ Singular ‫ایھچاڑلایکںا‬ ‫اےھچڑلےکا‬ Plural 24 ‫‪Exercise 7‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into English.‬‬ ‫‪ )29‬اگنہمرتسبا‬ ‫‪ )22‬ےچسےچبا‬ ‫‪ )15‬وھچیٹایلیھتں‬ ‫‪ )8‬ببریڑلایکںا‬ ‫‪ )1‬اھچہیکتا‬ ‫‪ )30‬ےگنہموصےفا‬ ‫‪ )23‬یچسیچبا‬ ‫‪ )16‬وھچیٹیلیھتا‬ ‫‪ )9‬ببرےصحا‬ ‫‪ )2‬ایھچڑگپی‬ ‫‪ )31‬یگنہمدویارا‬ ‫‪ )24‬یچسایچبںا‬ ‫‪ )17‬یناھکنپ‬ ‫‪ )10‬ببراہصحا‬ ‫‪ )3‬اےھچےیکتا‬ ‫‪ )32‬الیمرمکہ‬ ‫‪ )25‬وھجیٹںینہبا‬ ‫‪ )18‬ےئنےھکنپا‬ ‫‪ )11‬ببریڑھگی‬ ‫‪ )4‬ایھچڑگپناںا‬ ‫‪ )33‬ےلیمرمکےا‬ ‫‪ )26‬وھجیٹنہبا‬ ‫‪ )19‬یئناچایبںا‬ ‫‪ )12‬ببریڑھگناں‬ ‫‪ )5‬ببراآدیما‬ ‫‪ )34‬یلیمرکایسںا‬ ‫‪ )27‬وھجناامیلا‬ ‫‪ )20‬یئناچبا‬ ‫‪ )13‬وھچناوصہف‬ ‫‪ )6‬ببریوعرتا‬ ‫‪ )35‬یلیمرکیسا‬ ‫‪ )28‬یچسرنس‬ ‫‪ )21‬اچسچبا‬ ‫‪ )14‬وھچےٹوصےفا‬ ‫‪ )7‬ببرےڑلےکا‬ ‫‪Exercise 8‬‬ ‫‪Translation‬‬ ‫‪Urdu‬‬ ‫‪Translation‬‬ ‫‪Urdu‬‬ ‫‪Translation‬‬ ‫‪Urdu‬‬ ‫‪less‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫مک ا‬ ‫‪fat‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫ومنا ا‬ ‫‪half‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫آداھا ا‬ ‫‪cold‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫ڈنھٹا ا‬ ‫‪honey‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫دہش ا‬ ‫‪whole‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫وپرا ا‬ ‫‪hot‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫رگما ا‬ ‫‪bitter‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫کروا ا‬ ‫‪wide‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫وچڑا ا‬ ‫‪soft‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫رنم ا‬ ‫‪sweet‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫ھٹیما ا‬ ‫‪skinny‬‬ ‫‪adj‬‬ ‫دالب ا‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into English.‬‬ ‫‪ )33‬اھچنالا‬ ‫‪ )25‬وچڑے انبغا‬ ‫‪ )17‬یلیمڑسکا‬ ‫‪ )9‬ببریاپتایئںا‬ ‫‪ )1‬آداھرھگا‬ ‫‪ )34‬رنمرتسبا‬ ‫‪ )26‬دیلبوعرںیتا‬ ‫‪ )18‬یلیمڑسیکا‬ ‫‪ )10‬رپایناکپا‬ ‫‪ )2‬وپراہصحا‬ ‫‪ )35‬ھٹیمدہشا‬ ‫‪ )27‬ومناآدیما‬ ‫‪ )19‬ببرااھکنپ‬ ‫‪ )11‬وھچیٹاگڑی‬ ‫‪ )3‬وپرےصحا‬ ‫‪ )36‬رگمناینا‬ ‫‪ )28‬ایھچگجا‬ ‫‪ )20‬رنمگجا‬ ‫‪ )12‬یتسسڑھگناںا‬ ‫‪ )4‬رپاینڑگپی‬ ‫‪ )37‬آداھہصحا‬ ‫‪ )29‬وھچناچبا‬ ‫‪ )21‬رگمدہشا‬ ‫‪ )13‬رگمرمکہا‬ ‫‪ )5‬وچڑیڑگپناںا‬ ‫‪ )38‬کرویدوایئا‬ ‫‪ )30‬اھچڑلاکا‬ ‫‪ )22‬ڈنھٹیوہایئا‬ ‫‪ )14‬رگمرمکےا‬ ‫‪ )6‬دیلبویبی‬ ‫‪ )39‬آدیھااملری‬ ‫‪ )31‬کرویدوا‬ ‫‪ )23‬یناقنیل‬ ‫‪ )15‬اگنہمرھگا‬ ‫‪ )7‬دیلبڑلایکںا‬ ‫‪ )40‬وھچےٹدروازےا‬ ‫‪ )32‬یچسڑلیکا‬ ‫‪ )24‬وچڑا انبغا‬ ‫‪ )16‬ےگنہمرھگا‬ ‫‪ )8‬ببرییلیھتا‬ ‫‪Exercise 9‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into Urdu.‬‬ ‫‪1) soft turban‬‬ ‫‪7) cold rooms‬‬ ‫‪13) bitter medicines‬‬ ‫‪19) wide place‬‬ ‫‪2) soft pillows‬‬ ‫‪8) less honey‬‬ ‫‪14) skinny lady‬‬ ‫‪20) pious man‬‬ ‫‪3) hot rooms‬‬ ‫‪9) sweet honey‬‬ ‫‪15) fat ladies‬‬ ‫‪21) weak girl‬‬ ‫‪4) hot wind‬‬ ‫‪10) sweet water‬‬ ‫‪16) skinny wives‬‬ ‫‪22) lazy boys‬‬ ‫‪5) cold winds‬‬ ‫‪11) bitter water‬‬ ‫‪17) half key‬‬ ‫‪23) active brothers‬‬ ‫‪6) cold room‬‬ ‫‪12) bitter medicine‬‬ ‫‪18) whole part‬‬ ‫‪24) beautiful sister‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪Rule 4:‬‬ ‫‪a) An adjective can be used as a predicate.‬‬ ‫دہشھٹیماےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫‪The honey is sweet.‬‬ ‫‪, it must change to match the subject.‬ا ‪b) If the adjective ends in‬‬ ‫ہیڑگپیایلیمےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫ڑلےکاےھچاںیہ۔ا ا‬ ‫گجوچڑیےہ۔ا ا‬ ‫‪Exercise 10‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into English.‬‬ ‫‪ )13‬ہیدویارایھچےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )9‬ہیگجیلیمےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )5‬ہیرھگےتسسںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )1‬ناینڈنھٹاےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )14‬ہیرکیس ببریےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )10‬ہیزیمںییئنںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )6‬ہیڑلےکدےلبںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )2‬دہشھٹیمےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )15‬وہدوساچسےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )11‬ہینباغوچڑاںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )7‬ڑسکوچڑیےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )3‬ڑلیکومیٹےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )16‬وہوصےفرپاےنںیہ۔ا ا‬ ‫‪ )12‬وہرتسبرنمںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )8‬ہیہصحوپراںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )4‬دوایئکرویںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪Exercise 11‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into Urdu.‬‬ ‫‪1) The keys are big.‬‬ ‫‪7) The turbans are dirty.‬‬ ‫‪13) This part is half, and that‬‬ ‫‪2) This wall is not new.‬‬ ‫‪8) These streets are wide.‬‬ ‫‪part is whole.‬‬ ‫‪3) The honey is sweet.‬‬ ‫?‪9) Is the wife honest‬‬ ‫‪14) These boys are lazy, and‬‬ ‫?‪4) Is the water less‬‬ ‫‪10) This carpet is not clean.‬‬ ‫‪those girls are active.‬‬ ‫‪5) The bed is not soft.‬‬ ‫‪11) These hats are not clean.‬‬ ‫‪15) This place is cold, and that‬‬ ‫‪6) The pillows are soft.‬‬ ‫‪12) The medicines are bitter.‬‬ ‫‪place is hot.‬‬ ‫‪Rule 5:‬‬ ‫‪An adjective can join to a word to become the predicate.‬‬ ‫ہیایھچگجاںیہن۔ا‬ ‫افہمطیچسڑلیکےہ۔ا‬ ‫ادمحامہرنباورچےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪This is not a good place.‬‬ ‫‪Fatima is an honest girl.‬‬ ‫‪Ahmad is an expert cook.‬‬ ‫‪Exercise 12‬‬ ‫‪Translate the following sentences into English.‬‬ ‫‪ )17‬ہیاصقیئ ب‬ ‫رغنںیہنےہ‪،‬ایمےہ۔‬ ‫‪ )9‬ہیومےٹڑلےکاںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )1‬ہیمکناینےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )18‬زبنیوجنکسویبیںیہنےہ‪،‬یخسےہ۔‬ ‫‪ )10‬وہیلیمڑگپناںںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )2‬ہیرگموہاےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )19‬ایکہی ب ربایاوروچڑیڑسیکںیہناںیہ؟‬ ‫‪ )11‬وہوپراہصحںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )3‬دمحمیخسآدیمےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )20‬رمعامہرددناناسزںیہنےہ‪،‬ولیکےہ۔‬ ‫‪ )12‬ہیآدیماوھجنان ب ر‬ ‫اجےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )4‬وہیئناکایپںںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )21‬اعہشئکیناوریتنحموعرتےہ‪،‬سسںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )13‬وہوچڑیاپٹایئںںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )5‬وہ ببرےرھگںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )22‬زیداچساوراامندار ببریئھےہ‪،‬وھجناںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )14‬ہیرنمہیکتںیہنےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )6‬وہکرویدواےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )23‬ہیڈنھٹااورھٹیمناینےہ‪،‬رگماورکرواںیہن۔ا‬ ‫‪ )15‬وہےتسسدروازےںیہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )7‬وہرپاینںیہگجںیہا۔ا‬ ‫‪ )24‬ایکہیوھچیٹایلیھتںںیہ؟یجاہں‪،‬وھچیٹایلیھتںںیہ ا۔‬ ‫‪ )16‬ہیھٹیماوراصفدہشےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪ )8‬زادہاہبدراپسیہےہ۔ا‬ ‫‪26‬‬ Exercise 13 Translate the following sentences into Urdu. 1) Aslam is a rich judge. 8) This is not a clean and soft bed. 2) Talha is a healthy boy. 9) Zubair is a weak and skinny man. 3) That water is hot and clean. 10) Is this sofa soft? Yes, this sofa is soft. 4) Those are expensive tables. 11) This man is a dishonest businessman. 5) Adil is a hard-working tailor. 12) Thes