First Aid PDF

First Aid - Immediately administering care S-A-F-E Stop - Stop - Think - Act Assess the scene - Scene safe? - Safe to approach? - Any hazards? - Additional risks? Find and locate the 1^st^ aid kit - First aid kits contain critical supplies such as barriers Exposure pr...

First Aid - Immediately administering care S-A-F-E Stop - Stop - Think - Act Assess the scene - Scene safe? - Safe to approach? - Any hazards? - Additional risks? Find and locate the 1^st^ aid kit - First aid kits contain critical supplies such as barriers Exposure protection - Use barriers such as gloves and mouth to mask barrier devices **SAMPLE** - Sign and symptoms - Patient is conscious - Allergies - Past medical history - maintenance - Last ins and out - Defecate and urinate - Events prior OPQRST - Onset - Provokes - Quality - Range of pain - Radiation - Radiate pain - Severity - Rate pain 1-10 - Time and trends - Star and end - Progression of pain Wounds - Do not use seawater - Use soap and the best fresh clean water - Remove debris Bandaging - Use antibiotic ointments - Avoid too tight or too loose bandaging - Redress every 24hrs or as needed (prn) Strains, sprains and simple fractures - Sx - Pain, deformity, and swelling - Decreased range of motion - Sounds associated with injury - Assessment: - Manually stabilize proximal and distal ends of injury - Evaluate for DOTS - Check CSM (limbs) - Treatment - Protect - Rest - Ice - Compression - Elevation - Keep this in mind - Pain medication - Immobilize - Burns - 1^st^ degree - Red, painful, skin intact - Treatment - Run burn under cool water - Remove from sun or heat - Consider burn creams for small skin-intact burns - OTC pain meds - 2^nd^ degree - Blistering skin - Treatment - Apply sterile bandaging - For minor blisters, keep blistered skin intact - For popped blisters, remove the skin and treat it as an open wound - 3^rd^ degree - Burned underlying tissue, charged painless - Treatment - Stop burning process - Clean areas of debris - Cool compress - Sterile, dry dressing for open wounds - Consider antibiotic ointment Cardiac Emergencies Sx Classic heart attack - Chest pain - Nausea - Arm, jaw, back pain - shortness of breath - dizzy or sweaty - denial Atypical and "silent miss" - women - elderly treatment - rest - position of comfort - oxygen - definitive care (immed) respiratory emergency SX - position - tripod or position of comfort - coloring - blue, gray, red, pale - effort - increased work of breathing, accessory muscle use - lung sound - wheezing, etc - anxiety or fear Progression - Associated symptoms - Sputum (spit) - Time/temp - Exercise tolerance Treatment - Rest - Position of comfort - Oxygen - Definitive care Stroke SX - Facial drop - Slurred speech - inability to speak or sudden confusion - headache - visual disturbance - weakness Abbreviations - balance - eyes - facial drop - arm drift - slurred speech - time Treatment - protect airway - position of Hyperthermia - high temperature Heat emergencies - Heat exhaustion - Sx - Increased heart rate and respiratory rate - Nausea, weak, dizziness, tired - Pale, cool, and clammy - Heat induced dehydration - Nausea, weak, dizziness, tired - Rapid, shallow breaths - Severe or excessive sweating and cold, clammy - Heat cramps - Abdominal pain, cramps, nausea Treatment - Remove from heat source - Rest, lie down, hydrate and replace salt as needed - Cooling measure: cool packs to the core, lukewarm water fanning