First Aid Presentation PDF

M O D U L E 7 : Health Program : First Aid NSTP 111 Victim Assessment  ABC of First Aid A Check the Airways In first aid, we usually refer to the person who has been injured as a casualty rather than a victim. B Breathing...

M O D U L E 7 : Health Program : First Aid NSTP 111 Victim Assessment  ABC of First Aid A Check the Airways In first aid, we usually refer to the person who has been injured as a casualty rather than a victim. B Breathing The Primary Survey is the first step in assessing the casualty. C Circulation Before evaluating the casualty, conduct an emergency scene survey and call for assistance. The Recovery Position The Recovery Position This is the best position for someone who is unconscious or having a seizure. It makes it easier for them to breathe and keeps them from choking. Bleeding and Wounds  External Bleeding It refers to the visible loss of blood from the body through an external wound or opening. It occurs when blood vessels near the surface of the skin are damaged or broken, leading to blood escaping from the body. 3 main principles of the treatment of external bleeding L A E LOOK APPLY ELEVATE Look at the wound for size Applying direct pressure Elevate the injured area, and the presence of debris to the wound causes the such as an arm or leg, to or foreign bodies, making blood to clot, halting blood minimize fluid loss and sure it is clean. flow from the cut. avoid blood loss. 04 Internal Bleeding It is not visible externally but can be a serious medical emergency. It can occur due to trauma or underlying medical conditions. Signs and Symptoms Bruising Boarding — this tends to happen when there is bleeding into the stomach area; the volume of blood mixed with the inflammation of the tissues results in stiffness of the tissues. Swelling Bleeding from the body orifices Open and Close Wounds  Open Wound A wound is an injury that causes internal or external tissue breaks, whereas an open wound, such as a knife cut, is a tear in the skin or mucous membrane. Both types of injuries can cause vital bodily harm. Types of Open Wound Abrasion Puncture Laceration Incision Avulsion Control Room Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. First Aid First Aid Management ○ Control Bleeding ○ Cover the wound ○ Care for the shock ○ Consult or refer to physician Home Care (Wounds with bleeding not severe) ○ Clean the wound with water ○ Apply mild antiseptics ○ Cover wounds with dressing the bandage  Close Wound Closed wounds occur without any exposure to the underlying damaged tissue and organs and are generally caused through blunt trauma.  First Aid Management for Close Wounds I C E S LOOK Iced Compression Elevation Splinting Application Animal Bites and Treatment  Internal Bleeding Major wounds, bleeding, and tissue damage from animal bites necessitate medical attention. Infection can occur from any bite, with puncture wounds from teeth and scratches being the most infectious. Treatment: The priority is to keep yourself and bystanders safe. If the animal is still a danger, refrain from approaching it and instead contact the local Animal Control Service via your police department.  Treatment To lessen the risk of infection from the animal, thoroughly clean the wound with soap and warm water. Raise and support the wound while patting it dry with clean gauze from your first aid kit. Then apply a sterile wound dressing. ○ If theLOOK wound is large or deep, stop the bleeding and call for emergency assistance. ○ If you suspect rabies, seek for immediate assistance. ○ If the bite comes from another person, there is a small chance of contracting hepatitis or the HIV/AIDS virus. ○ Inform the the casualty to seek medical attention as soon as possible.  Nose Bleeding Nosebleeds are common events, often caused by trauma, but they may also suggest other problems. They happen when a small blood vessel breaks down and are classified into two types: upper and lower nose bleeds.  First AidNose Bleeding If your nose bleeds, sit down and lean forward. Pinch the soft part of your nose with your thumb and index finger. This part is located between the tip of the nose and the bridge of the nose. Continue holding until the bleeding stops. Do not stop in between. If bleeding continues, hold for another 10 minutes. If the patient is a child, divert attention with TV/stories for 2 days. Place an ice pack on the bridge of the nose.  Burns A burn is a damage to the skin that includes muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels. This is caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, solar, or other types of radiation. First Aid (minor burns) Reduce the heat by cooling the burn. Keep the burned area submerged in cool (not cold) running water for 10 to 15 minutes, or until the pain goes away. Apply a sterile gauze bandage to the Rufus Stewart burn. Radiologist Take an over-the-counter analgesic. Caution Don't use ice. Don't apply butter or ointments to the burn. Don't break blisters. Poisoning Swallowed Poison Poison is a substance that, when introduced into the body or skin, can impair healing or cause death, and can be life-threatening in an emergency. Causes Common in suicide attempts Occasional accident poisoning Adult, Child, and Infant CPR Heart Attack & Cardiac Arrest Heart Attack (myocardial infraction) ○ Occurs when the heart muscle tissue dies because it didn’t get nough blood flow due to a blockage. Cardiac Arrest (SCA) ○ Occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops pumping.  Stroke ○ occurs when something blocks blood supply to part of the brain or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts (Brain Attack) Commotio Cordis (Vertricular fibrillation) ○ can happen to a person with a normal heart and occurs when a blunt trauma to a person’s chest ○ occurs in children and adolescents Commotio Cordis Caring for Cardiac Arrest Chain of Survival ○ Recognition and action ○ CPR ○ Defibrillation ○ Advanced care ○ Post-arrest care  !!REMEMBER!! Before you ever perform any type of First Aid, CPR, or AED you always.... ○ CHECK ○ CALL ○ CARE  Performing CPR Check for responsiveness ○ Tap and Shout “Are you Ok?” Check for breathing ○ Look, listen, and feel Call 9-1-1 Perform CPR ○ If victim is unresponsive and not breathing  Chest Compressions (Adult) Use 2 Hands in center of chest Compression depth ○ 2 inches Compression Rate ○ 100 compressions per minute ○ 30 compressions in 18 seconds Location ○ Center of chest between nipples  Rescue Breathes After every 30 compressions: ○ Tilt the head and lift the chin. ○ Close the nose. ○ Give 2 breaths. ○ See the chest rise.  Child CPR Chest Compression ○ Use 1 or 2 hands in center of chest between nipples ○ Compression depth of 2 inches ○ Compression rate of 30 compressions in 18 seconcs, or 100 per minute Rescue Breaths ○ Tilt the head and lift the chin. ○ Close the nose. ○ Give 2 breaths. ○ See the chest rise.  Infant CPR Chest Compression ○ Use 2 fingers just below nipple line in center of chest ○ Compression depth of 1 - 1/2 inches (1/3 depth of chest) ○ Compression rate of 30 compressions in 18 seconcs, or 100 per minute Rescue Breaths ○ Tilt the head and lift the chin. ○ Close the nose. ○ Give 2 breaths. ○ See the chest rise.  Adult, Child, and Infant CPR Cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until: ○ AED becomes available. ○ Victim shows signs of life. ○ EMS takes over. ○ Your are too tired to continue. ○ Chest compressions alone are an acceptable alternative. ○ Provide continuous chest compressions.  First Aid Swallowed poison – Remove anything remaining in the person's mouth. ○If the suspected poison is a household cleaner or other chemical, read the container's label and follow instructions for accidental poisoning. Poison on the skin – Remove any contaminated clothing using gloves. ○ Rinse LOOKthe skin for 15 to 20 minutes in a shower or with a hose. Poison in the eye – Gently flush the eye with cool or lukewarm water for 20 minutes or until help arrives. Inhaled poison – Get the person into fresh air as soon as possible.  First Aid If the person vomits, turn his or her head to the side to prevent choking. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as moving, breathing or coughing. Call for help. HaveLOOK somebody gather pill bottles, packages or containers with labels, and any other information about the poison to send along with the ambulance team.  Bibliography Dela Cruz, Sonia G. (2005). National Development via National Service Training Program. Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp Del Rosario, Ed. D. (2012). Resurreccion et. al. National Service Training LOOK Program 1. Bulacan: St. Andrew Publishing House. Lee, Sergio J. (2007). National Service Training Program: 2nd Edition. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc Thank You.