FINE ARTS FIRST TERM NOTES.pdf

FIRST TERM THEORY  Tambdi Surla The Mahadev temple at Tambdi Surla in Mollem the ancient temple in goa. It is beautifully curved and perfectly proportioned black basalt temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This temple is a treat to eyes because of it s unique style of c...

FIRST TERM THEORY  Tambdi Surla The Mahadev temple at Tambdi Surla in Mollem the ancient temple in goa. It is beautifully curved and perfectly proportioned black basalt temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This temple is a treat to eyes because of it s unique style of construction. It is the only monument of kadamba- yadava architecture. The 12th century Mahadeva Temple in Goa is said to have been built by the Pandavas. This temple was build in the Kadamba style from basalt cavies across the mountains from the deccan plateau and carved by craftsman. The temple survived untouched due to its remote location in a clearing deep in the forest at the foot of the western Ghats.  Tambdi Surla There is Linga a symbol of Lord Shiva mounted on the base inside the inner sanctum (area where no one is allowed accept pujari) to local has it that a huge king cobra is in permanent residence in the dimly light. The temple consists of garbhagriha, antaralaand a pillared Nandimandapabuilt of basalt ( form of rock). The four pillars, embellished (decorated) with intricate(beautifully detail) carvings of elephants and chains support a stone ceiling decorated with finely carved Ashtoken lotus flowers. Relief figures of Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu and Lord Brahma, with their respective consorts(company of each others) appear on panels at the sides of the temple  Tambdi Surla The mandap is covered with the roof of plain grey sloping slabs. The temple faces east so that the first rays of the rising sun shine on the deity. There is a headless Nandi (bull, Shiva's vehicle) in the center of the mandap,surrounded by four matching columns. The symbol of the Kadamba kingdom, an elephant trampling a horse is carved on the base of one of the columns. The river Ragado, (via village Keri, Sattari) flows nearby. The festival of Mahashivratri is celebrated with pomp and gaiety at the temple by local people residing in surrounding villages.  Mangeshi Temple (Ponda) Mangesh is the Goan name for Lord Shiva. Upon their arrival in Goa in the 16th C, the Portuguese destroyed hundreds of Hindu temples in a savage frenzy of religious violence. Among them were the three great temples to Shiva: Saptakoteshwar, Ramnath, and Mangesh. It was only until the middle of the 18th century, Ramchandra Sukhtankar, a respected general in the Maratha court revived the linga from its place and convinced the Raja of Sonda to donate land for constructing the temple and providing funds for its maintenance. The main temple is dedicated to Lord Mangesh , an incarnation of Shiva. Lord Mangesh is worshipped here as Shiva linga. According to legend, Shiva had manifested into a tiger to scare his wife Parvati.  Mangeshi Temple (Ponda) The temple of Shri Mangesh is set amidst natural surroundings. Mangeshi, which is a little village along Goa s Panjim – Ponda road is a point of pilgrimage for hundreds of tourist from all over India and Abroad. The original site of Mangeshi Temple is at Cortalim in Salcette Taluka. To avoid the increasing Portuguese missionary activities in Goa, the idol of Shri Mangesh was brought across the Zuari river to a safer region which was under the rule of Muslim King Adil shah. The deity idol was finally installed at its present site in the village.  Mangeshi Temple (Ponda) EXTRA According to the legend, Shiva had manifested into a tiger to scare his wife Parvati. Paravati, who was frightened at the sight of the tiger, went in search of Shiva and cried out, "Trahi Mam girisha!” (Oh Lord of Mountains, save me!) Upon hearing the words, Shiva turned himself back to his normal form. The words "mam girisha" became associated with Shiva and over time the words got abbreviated to Manguirisha or Manguesh.  Mangeshi Temple (Ponda) EXTRA The 450-year-old Shri Mangesh temple consists of several domes, pilasters and balustrades. There is a prominent Nandi Bull and a beautiful seven-story deepstambha (lamp tower), inside the temple complex. The temple also has a water tank, which is believed to be the oldest part of the temple. The temple has a unique deepastambha, which is a seven storey octagonal lamp tower, painted white with golden arches. Near the tower, there is the tulsi vrindavan colourfully decorated with tiles. The Shri Mangeshi Temple in Goa is a stunning fusion of traditional Goan Hindu design with elements from the Saraswati and Kavi architectural traditions. The temple complex has fine craftsmanship, elaborate sculptures, and a pleasing layout. The actual temple building is mostly white-washed and has sloping roofs as well as multi-tiered pyramidal towers, or shikharas. These shikharas, a distinguishing element of Goan Hindu temples, increase the grandeur of the temple. The intricate sculptures found throughout the temple complex include representations of gods, celestial beings, and other mythical creatures in addition to scenes from Hindu epics including the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. These sculptures serve as a reminder of the high level of craftsmanship and artistic ability used in the temple’s construction. The Shri Mangeshi Temple’s distinctive architectural design honors Goa’s rich cultural history and distinctive culture. It is a beautiful example of traditional Goan Hindu temple construction and draws tourists with its meditative atmosphere The Sabha Griha is a spacious hall with nineteenth century chandeliers. The central part of the Sabha Grihaleads to the Garbha Griha, which contains the image of Mangesh. The other shrines to the rear of the main building house devtas like Mulakeshwsar, Virabhadra, Saanteri, Lakshminarayana, Suryanarayan, Garuda and Kala Bhairav  Basillica church The Basilica of Bom Jesus Church located in Bainguinim at Old Goa is known for its exemplary baroque architecture. Basilica of Bom Jesus is a big and one of the oldest church in India, which was constructed during the Portuguese rule in Goa. Bom Jesus means good Jesus or infant Jesus and the church is dedicated to him. The construction of the church was started in 1594 and ended in 1605. The building of this church coincides with the beginning of Christianity in India. It holds the remains of St. Francis Xavier. Francis Xavier s body did not decompose, he died in an island near China and was buried there, later was exhumed and brought to Goa, so there is no tomb of Saint Francis Xavier in Goa, his incorrupt body is placed in a casket and is in Bom Jesus Church. A site with rich cultural and religious significance, It is a pilgrimage center and also the most iconic monument of all the churches and convents of Goa. The Basilica of Bom Jesus has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.  Basillica church This is the only church in Old Goa that is not been plastered on the out side. The facade of the church has triangular roofing which is delicately carved with the initials' IHS', which is an abbreviation for Jesuit emblem meaning 'Jesus, Saviour of Men'. Inside, the floor of the Basilica is made of marble mosaic with precious stones, giving it a solemn appearance. The interior is embellished with a screen that runs from the floor to the ceiling and has the image of St. Ignatius Loyola protecting an infant Jesus. Above all is the image of the HolyTrinity.The Basilica of BomJesus is over 408 years old. The Baroque style main altar is gilded and bears the statue of Ignatius of Loyola standing between Solomonic pillars above which is the name of Jesus in the IHS monogram and the Holy Trinity.  Our lady of Immaculate church(Panaji) One of the first churches that have been built in Panaji Goa, Church of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception is in the heart of Panaji. The church conducts Mass every day in English, Konkani and Portuguese. It is said that this church was built even before 1541 on a hill side overlooking the city of Panaji. This Church presents as impel and elegant architecture. The main altar of the church is dedicated to the Mary Immaculate. It had two more altars, one on each side, dedicated to Jesus crucified and Our Lady of the Rosary. Two captivating marble statues have been built on both sides of the Church. The statues are of St. Peter and St. Paul. To the right side of the main altar, you will find a chapel of St. Francis Xavier.  Our lady of Immaculate church(Panaji) This church houses the ancient bell that was removed from Augustinian ruins of the church of Our Lady of Grace in the once famed city of Old Goa. This bell is considered to be the second largest of its kind in Goa, surpassed only by the Golden Bell which resides in Old Goa.Over the years, different structures like the zigzag staircase and the large bells etc. were added to the church to make it look like its current state.On 8thof December every year, the feast of the Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception church is organized along with a fair.  Goan Artist: Mario de Miranda Mário Miranda was born at Loutolimon 2nd May 1926 and passed away on 11 December 2011. He was a Goan Cartoonist / artist. Mario has not formally studied Art and began his career as a cartoonist for the Times of India group in 1953. He had been a regular contributor to The Times of India, The Economic Times, The Illustrated Weekly of India, Current and many other publications. Mario won a grant by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and lived in Portugal for a year. He then moved to London working for different newspapers and even working in television animation. During his five years spent there, his caricatures were published in noted magazines like Mad, Lilliput and Punch. Miranda returned to India for good in the late 1980s. Just examples of the magazines - not his work  Goan Artist: Mario de Miranda He worked with noted cartoonist R K Laxman. Mario Miranda has travelled to America on invitation by the United States Information Services in 1974, where he interacted with other cartoonists in the United States. He held solo exhibitions in over 22 countries, including the United States, Japan, Brazil, Australia, Singapore, France, Yugoslavia, and Portugal.  Goan Artist: Mario de Miranda He has illustrated numerous books including „Inside Goa by Manohar Malgaonkar, „A family in Goa and „The open Eyes by Dom Morae’s. He also illustrated many children’s books written by Uma Anand. He has published his own books such as „Goa with love, „Little world of humor, „Sketch Book, Germany in Winter time and „Impression of Paris. Besides cartooning Miranda’s murals are present on various buildings in Goa and other parts of India. When the new municipal market of Panaji was inaugurated in 2004, Miranda was invited to paint a mural on its walls, by then C. M. Manohar Parrikar delighted with how the new complex had turned out. He is also the recipient of many National and International honors.He was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan by the President of India in 2012, Padma Shri in 1988, Padma Bhushan in 2002. After his death in 2013, a road junction in Mumbai was named after Miranda.Google honored him with a doodle on his 90th birth anniversary. Mario Gallery are all over Goa such as in Salvador Do Mundo (Porvorim), Margao, Carmona, Panjim, Calangute.  Goan Artist: Mario de Miranda EXTRA In simpler Mario Miranda’s style is fun and lively. He’s known for his bright, colorful drawings and detailed scenes that often show bustling crowds and busy streets. His work is full of playful characters and quirky details, capturing the energy and chaos of everyday life in a charming and humorous way. It’s like looking at a vibrant snapshot of life, with lots of little stories happening all at once.  Goan Artist: Laxman Pai Laxman Pai was born in Margao on 21 January 1926 and passed away on 14 March 2021. He studied at the Sir J J School of Art in Mumbai from 1943 to 1947. He was awarded the Mayo Medal in 1947. After completion of his studies, Pai started teaching at the Sir J J School of Art, Mumbai. Subsequently, Pai went to Paris and shaped his artistic style and stayed in Paris for ten years where he held ten solo exhibitions in the city. He had to his credit more than 110 one-man shows across the globe. His solo exhibitions were held at London, Munich, Hanover, Stuttgart, New York City, Bremen, San Francisco, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Goa, and Sao Paulo. Pai learnt Rosenthal porcelain art in Germany. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru admiring Rosenthal Porcelain vase and with the painting Jawaharlal Nehru - painted in paris in 1956  Goan Artist: Laxman Pai He was the principal of Goa College of Art, a post he held from 1977 to 1987. Pai’s art is inspired by the lush environs of Goa and the beauty of its landscape. Pai’s works illustrate an eclectic mix of the traditional and the modern. Bright exuberant colors, the structural use of line, lyrical brush strokes and diagrammatic figurations are aspects of his style.The paintings are spiritual impressions. Most of his work is based on chance encounters and experiences that have left a mark in his mind. His canvases are populated with nature in every aspect along with human figures who are part of the environment.  Goan Artist: Laxman Pai AWARDS WON Pai was a recipient of several awards including - 1. Lalit Kala Academi’s National Award 2. Goa Government’s highest civilian award -Gomant Vibhushan award 3.Padma Shri, Nehru award awarded by Govt of India 4. State award of the Goverment of Goa 5. India’s 3rd highest civilian honor of Padma Bhushan.  Goan Artist: Laxman Pai EXTRA INFO ON HIS WORKING STYLE - From 1947 to 1950 Pai was largely inspired by Goan subjects and the concept of Indian miniatures. His initial works speak about the Goan way of life, as can be seen from his paintings depicting the 'zambaulim Shigmo' or the process of feni-making. Pai was also inspired by ancient Egyptian sculptures. He listened to music when he painted. Pai painted various paintings based on different ragas of Indian classical music. In his works, he gives a visual interpretation to the moods of the music as determined by the vibrations of the notes. His painting series,'Musical Moods' (1965) was inspired by Indian classical ragas. Laxman Pai's art reflects his deep appreciation for natural beauty and his belief that people must respect nature to thrive. His paintings often feature vibrant landscapes and human figures closely connected to their surroundings. Pai sees himself as his own teacher, blending influences into a unique style rather than preaching a specific message. Over time, his art evolved from geometric shapes inspired by ancient Egyptian sculptures to fluid, colorful forms full of life. His use of bold colors and dynamic brushstrokes, reminiscent of early Indian miniatures, brings a strong emotional impact to his work, emphasizing both the beauty and drama of the scenes he p o r t r a y s...  Goan Artist: Laxman Pai EXTRA UNDERSTANDING HIS WORKS [SUBJECTIVE ] The painting depicts the Navarasa. These are the emotions that human shows according to the situations. Rasa means emotional state of mind. Nine emotions are Shringara (love/beauty), Hasya (laughter), Karuna(sorrow), Raudra (anger), Veera (heroism/courage), Bhayanaka (terror/fear), Bibhatsa (disgust), Adbutha (surprise/wonder), Shantha (peace or tranquility). Goan Artist: Laxman Pai RAAG SARANG FESTIVAL OF SEASONS  Dinanath Dalal Dalal was born on 30 May1916and passed away on 5January 1971. He was a Goan painter and Illustrator. He completed his art education from Mumbai and cleared his G. D. Art examination in 1937, like many students then Dalal was drawn towards advertising field. He had done covers of various Magazines and Books. Portraits was an important topic in his paintings. Dala s portraits can be classified into three parts: commissioned works, imaginary portraits and independent expressions. His works depicted various aspects of literature such as mythology, history, social issues, human emotions, and politics. Dalal painted portraits of numerous noted personalities that includes Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vinoba bhave and others.  Dinanath Dalal All the paintings in the book titled „Raja Shivchtrapati written by Babasaheb Purandare are painted by Dalal. This book is a classic collection. Dalal, a classical painter by nature, made his mark in the publishing world. He changed the look of the publishing world through his classical view. He was the pioneer of work, which displayed not only the title of the book but also the content. he experimented with various media, application of color and style.  Dinanath Dalal Dalal started ‘Deepavali’ , a magazine in Marathi, published annually during Diwali. This magazine is still in publication, 46 years after his death. Dalal was famous for illustrations for children's books. His style is very easily identifiable and pleasant to the eye.In December 2015through January 2016, an exhibition was held in Mumbai, India at the Nehru Planetarium commemorating Dalal's centenary year. Additionally, in January 2016 ,a postages stamp was issued in Goa in honor of Dalal’s birthplace. EXTRA While designing book covers and illustrations, he used his skills in painting and drawing to express the meaning of the books. He also thought of book titles as an element of layout and a means of expression. Dalal's front pages were among the first to showcase that book covers and illustrations are not just decorations, but that the content of the book is an innovation that enriches the image, gives personality to the book, and interacts with the reader.  Semester I (Theory) Temples/churches [10 Marks] 1. TambdiSurla (Ponda) 3marks 2.Mangueshi 3marks 3. BasillicaChurch 2marks 4. Our Lady of Immaculate Church 2marks II.Goan Artist [10 Marks] 1. Mario Miranda 3 marks 2. Dinanath Dalal 3 marks 3. Laxman Pai 4 marks Total : 20 Marks