Final-Term Reviewer in Chemistry 2024 PDF

**REVIEWER NOTES IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY** It takes place when the given electron is infused by energy. - Absorption About \_\_\_\_ elements are nonmetals and these are found above and to the right of the stair-like line. Along the stairway are the so-called metalloids. -- 20 He arranged the element...

**REVIEWER NOTES IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY** It takes place when the given electron is infused by energy. - Absorption About \_\_\_\_ elements are nonmetals and these are found above and to the right of the stair-like line. Along the stairway are the so-called metalloids. -- 20 He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic weights providing intervals on periods which were not always of the same length. - Dmitri Mendeleev The distance between the nucleus of an atom and its outermost electron shell. -- Atomic Radius A large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating smaller molecules. -- Polymers Number of occupied shells or main energy. - Series Number The force of attraction that holds the atoms together. -- Chemical bond He developed a bonding theory based on the number of electrons in the outermost \"valence\" shell. - Gilbert N. Lewis What is the correct electronic configuration of Sodium? - 1s^2^ 2s^2^ 2p^6^ 3s^1^ The one in which the electron density is concentrated most heavily between the nuclei of two atoms lying along an imaginary line that joins their centers. -- Sigma Bond The 3rd shell can accommodate a maximum of \_\_\_\_ electrons. -- 18 A force under the influence of which objects tend to move away from each other, it may be through having the same magnetic polarity or electric charge. -- Repulsion The one that undergoes changes which leads us to the formation of a chemical bond that binds atom together into molecules or ions in crystals. - Valence Electron The most common way to describe the electron configuration. - SPDF Notation It involves the transfer of electrons from 1 atom to another between metal and non - metal forming electronically charge atom or ions. - Electrovalent bond States order of how electrons fill energy levels and sub levels. - Aufbau Principle The amount of energy stored in an atom's orbitals. -- Energy Levels He states that light can be considered as small bundles of energy called quanta or photons, and quantum energy is directly proportional to the frequency of radiation.- Max Planck It is denoted by the symbol 'l' and its value is equal to the total number of angular nodes in the orbital - Azimuthal quantum number It is useful to living things in small amounts; deadly in large amounts. - Nitrogen Family When the non-metal accepts the electron it will form a negatively charged atom called, - anion Every orbital in a sublevel is singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied. - Hund's Rule The bond angle measures 120° between bonds. - Trigonal planar A group of natural polymers or macromolecules needed to sustain life. - Biomolecules A mixture of alkanes and one of its components is octane C~8~H~18.\ -~ Gasoline It describes the ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in a molecule to itself. - Electronegativity States that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valences of an element is frequently eight. - Octet rule It represented as a pair of dots, a line or overlapping pair of orbitals. - Covalent bond In what experiment did Rutherford and his co -- workers demonstrate that an atom is made up of a very small positively charged nucleus containing all its mass surrounded by electrons. - Gold Leaf Experiment React with oxygen to form oxides which are basic anhydrides. - Alkali Metal Family A structural components found in the cell walls of plant. - Cellulose VSPER stands for? - Valence shell electron pair repulsion What is the correct electronic configuration of Aluminum? - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 The pair of electrons present in the valence shells that do not participate in the bond formation between two atoms. - Lone pair These semiconductors are extremely important in computers and other electronic devices. - Metalloids The grouped elements which exhibit very similar characteristics into triads. - Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner Also known as the planetary model of the atom, as electrons move around the nucleus in the same way as planets revolve around the sun. -- Bohr Model Due to the stagnation of these chemicals, they are noted to be chemically unreactive. -- Noble Gases It is formed when both atoms donate electrons to form the shared pair. - Normal Covalent Bond A protein exist as an assembly of more than polypeptide or when several subunits interact with each other. - Quaternary structure The sp^3^ hybrid orbital formed from the mixing of an s orbital and the ­­­­­­­­­­­­­\_\_\_\_ p orbitals, to produce \_\_\_\_\_ hybrids, arranged in a tetrahedral geometry with 109.5 degree between hybrids. - 3, 4 Generally metals and are characterized by their low ionization energies and low electrons affinities. - Electron Donors It describe the two possible direction in which an electrons spin occurs relative to the direction of the magnetic field. - Spin Quantum Number An organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon found in crude oil, natural gas and coal. - Hydrocarbon Mostly paramagnetic and form highly paramagnetic compounds. - Transition Elements Formulated by Max Planck states that light can be considered as small bundles of energy called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. -- quanta Julius Lothar Meyer was also working on his periodic table which consisted of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ elements. -- 56 elements The tendency of an atom to lose electrons and become positive ions. - Metallic property It helps in predicting electronic arrangements of atoms from atomic numbers 1 to 118. - Periodic table The elements in this block have electrons in their \_\_\_\_-orbital. (Lanthanide and Actinide) - f block Compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. - Isomers The electron configuration associated with energy levels other than the lowest. - Excited States Soluble in water, conducts electricity when dissolved. -- Sodium Chloride A type of covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons comes from only one of the atoms involved in the bond. - Coordinate Covalent Bond Electrons that are not involved in bonding are shown as pair of dots. - Lone Pairs Bonding pairs of electron repel each other due to their negative charge. - Electron Pair Repulsion It consists of elements in the f-block of period six in the periodic table. -- Lanthanides Very unreactive gases with full outer electron shells, includes Helium -- Noble Gases The energy needed to separate an electron/s from its gaseous ground state atom. - Ionization Energy