AGS 20 Final Study Guide PDF

**AGS 20: Final Study Guide** **1. Plant Evolution** - **Key Ideas**: - Evolution of plants from algae - Major plant groups: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms - Adaptations to land life: vascular tissue, seeds, flowers **2. Fruit Types** - *...

**AGS 20: Final Study Guide** **1. Plant Evolution** - **Key Ideas**: - Evolution of plants from algae - Major plant groups: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms - Adaptations to land life: vascular tissue, seeds, flowers **2. Fruit Types** - **Key Ideas**: - Types of fruits - Examples and characteristics of each type (e.g., apple vs. raspberry vs. pineapple) **3. Cells and Organelles** - **Key Ideas**: - Major plant organelles - Function of each organelle **4. Structure of Flowers, Stems, and Vegetation** - **Key Ideas**: - Parts of a flower - Vegetative structures - Internal stem structure **5. Vascular Tissue** - **Key Ideas**: - Xylem (water and nutrient transport) - Phloem (food transport) - Structure and function of each type - Vascular bundle arrangement in different plants **6. Photosynthesis** - **Key Ideas**: - Photosynthesis equation: CO2 + H2O + light → C6H12O6 + O2 - Role of chlorophyll and other pigments - Light-dependent vs. Light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions (inputs and outputs) **7. Photosynthetic Pathways: C3, C4, and CAM** - **Key Ideas**: - C3 Photosynthesis - C4 Photosynthesis - CAM Photosynthesis **8. Meiosis and Mitosis** - **Key Ideas**: - Mitosis: Cell division for growth and repair (identical cells) - Meiosis: Cell division for sexual reproduction (gametes) - Crossing over **9. Weather and Climate** - **Key Ideas**: - Difference between weather (short-term conditions) and climate (long-term patterns) - Factors influencing climate: Latitude, Elevation, Wind patterns, Ocean currents - Impact of weather and climate on plant growth **10. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)** - **Key Ideas**: - Definition of IPM - Components of IPM: Prevention, Monitoring, Thresholds, Control (Biological, Chemical, Cultural, Mechanical) - Sustainable pest management strategies **11. Soil Texture** - **Key Ideas**: - Soil separates: Sand, Silt, Clay - Soil texture triangle and classifications - Importance of soil texture for water retention, root growth, and fertility **12. Plant Nutrition** - **Key Ideas**: - Macronutrients: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S) - Micronutrients: Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), etc. **13. Plant Water Uptake** - **Key Ideas**: - Evapotranspiration **14. Mendelian Concepts** - **Key Ideas**: - Genotype vs. Phenotype - Dominant and Recessive Alleles - Punnett Squares and inheritance patterns