Final Sample Exam Questions PDF

Disclaimer: These practice problems are designed to give you an idea of the types of questions you might encounter on the final exam. However, please note that this is not an exhaustive review. Some topics included here may appear on the final, while others may not. To fully prepare, I strongly e...

Disclaimer: These practice problems are designed to give you an idea of the types of questions you might encounter on the final exam. However, please note that this is not an exhaustive review. Some topics included here may appear on the final, while others may not. To fully prepare, I strongly encourage you to review all material covered in the lecture slides, as all topics discussed in class are considered fair game. Good luck with your studying, and don’t hesitate to reach out with any questions! Final Exam Review Questions 1)​ Psychologists who adopt a(n) approach examine behavior and mental processes by focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system.: a)​ Psychodynamic b)​ Biological c)​ Cognitive d)​ Evolutionary 2)​ Lauren gets Frenchi’s after a night out and then becomes sick. Her friend decides to get Frenchi’s for lunch, causing Lauren to feel nauseous. What is this an example of?: a)​ Extinction b)​ Classical conditioning c)​ Taste aversion d)​ Spontaneous recovery 3)​ Most people believe that traveling by plane is more dangerous than traveling by car. People making this wrong assumption is an example of what?: a)​ Confirmation bias  b)​ Fundamental attribution error c)​ Availability heuristic d)​ Representativeness heuristic 4)​ What is the definition of psychology?: a)​ The study of living organisms b)​ The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. c)​ The study of the unconscious d)​ The study of mood disorders 5)​ Checking social media is an example of what: a)​ Fixed interval b)​ Variable ratio c)​ Fixed ratio d)​ Variable interval 6)​ Which is true about the aging brain?: a)​ IQ increases b)​ Memory increases c)​ Visual recall increases d)​ Vocabulary increases 7)​ Researchers find that marriage and cancer have a correlation coefficient of -0.65. What conclusion could we make?: a)​ There is a strong negative relationship between marriage and cancer b)​ Being unmarried causes cancer c)​ Being married causes cancer  d)​ Marriage reduces the likelihood of cancer by 65% 8)​ Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?: a)​ A teacher scolds at student for texting in class b)​ A child cleans his room and gets a toy c)​ Matt put on his seatbelt immediately after getting in his car to stop the noise d)​ A child misbehaves and their favorite toy gets taken away 9)​ Memory decline is less likely to happen if: a)​ You are male b)​ You aren’t set in your ways c)​ You haven’t received higher education d)​ All of the above 10)​What does “low external validity” mean?: a)​ The researcher is highly confident he could make a causal claim with the variables he’s testing. b)​ The results can be generalized to other situations c)​ The results of the experiment are not likely to apply to other situations d)​ The researcher is examining behavior in an environment he cannot control 11)​Using flashcards to study for your psychology exam to help you remember is an example of: a)​ Rehearsal b)​ Chunking c)​ Proactive interference d)​ Mnemonic devices 12)​What’s the correct order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? (bottom to top): a)​ Esteem -> Love/Belongingness-> Safety -> Physiological needs -> Self-Actualization b)​ Safety ->Physiological needs -> Esteem -> Self-Actualization -> Love/Belongingness c)​ Physiological needs -> Safety -> Love/Belongingness -> Esteem -> Self-Actualization d)​ Love/Belongingness-> Safety -> Esteem -> Physiological needs -> Self-Actualization 13)​ What is the difference between afferent and efferent pathways in the brain? a)​ Afferent is received from the body; Efferent is sent out from the brain b)​ Afferent is sent out from the brain; Efferent is received from the body c)​ Afferent contains only cognitive processes; Efferent contains emotional processes d)​ Afferent is electrochemical; Efferent is not 14)​Which brain structure is involved in BOTH implicit and explicit memory?: a)​ Pons b)​ Amygdala c)​ Hippocampus d)​ Hypothalamus 15)​______ theory asserts that emotions are composed of factors (physiological and cognitive), _____ theory says that physiological arousal occurs simultaneously (but independently), and ____ theory says emotions arise from physiological arousal.: a)​ Cannon-Bard ; James- Lange ; Schacter-Singer Two Factory Theory  b)​ James- Lange ; Schacter-Singer Two Factory Theory ; Cannon-Bard c)​ Schacter-Singer Two Factory Theory ; Cannon-Bard ; James- Lange 16)​Which system is associated with a “fight or flight response”, dilated pupils, sweating, and heart racing?: a)​ Parasympathetic nervous system b)​ Peripheral nervous system c)​ Somatic nervous system d)​ Sympathetic nervous system 17)​A Holocaust survivor recalling his experience in extreme detail is called ______: a)​ Semantic memory b)​ Flashbulb memory c)​ Priming d)​ Recognition 18)​When employees are observed by supervisors, their performance increases. What is the name of this effect?: a)​ Hawthorne effect b)​ Cattell effect c)​ Wundt effect d)​ Skinner effect 19)​How does information within a neuron get passed down?: a)​ Axon terminals -> Axon -> Soma/Cell Body -> Dendrite b)​ Myelin sheath -> Dendrite -> Axon -> Cell body c)​ Dendrite -> Axon terminals -> Cell body -> Myelin Sheath  d)​ Dendrite -> Soma/Cell body -> Axon -> Axon terminals 20)​Which of these neural characteristics are NOT necessary for detecting a signal in EEG?: a)​ Synchrony b)​ Spatial proximity c)​ Parallel geometric configuration d)​ Excitatory 21)​What is lucid dreaming?: a)​ When breathing stops and starts repeatedly when one is sleeping b)​ When a person experiences intense fear while sleeping c)​ When a person is aware they are dreaming d)​ Uncomfortable sensations in the leg when someone’s trying to fall asleep 22)​Which of these factors are NOT involved in Job Satisfaction?: a)​ Autonomy b)​ Communication c)​ Micromanagement d)​ Promotions 23)​Which is an important function of the cerebrospinal fluid?: a)​ It provides cushioning and regulates the extracellular environment b)​ It helps with coordination and balance c)​ It separates the brain into functional centers d)​ It allows the two hemispheres to communicate with each other 24)​What does sleep help with?:  a)​ Enhances synaptic connections b)​ Body growth c)​ Memory consolidation d)​ All of the above 25)​Andrew has spatial disorientation and difficulty with motor control and attention. Which of his lobes is damaged?: a)​ Occipital lobe b)​ Parietal lobe c)​ Frontal lobe d)​ Temporal lobe 26)​Which of the following examples is an acute stressor?: a)​ Financial deadlines b)​ A work deadline c)​ Death of a loved one d)​ Job dissatisfaction 27)​People only reading news sources that align with their political views is an example of what phenomenon?: a)​ Representativeness heuristic b)​ Hindsight bias c)​ Confirmation bias d)​ Loss-Aversion 28)​What 3 areas are involved in the reward pathway for psychoactive drugs?: a)​ Cerebral cortex, Ventral Tegmental Area, Prefrontal cortex  b)​ Amygdala, Nucleus Accumbens, Parietal lobe c)​ Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), Nucleus Accumbens, Prefrontal Cortex d)​ Prefrontal cortex, Ventral Tegmental Area, Amygdala 29)​Phillip encounters a raccoon, he’s shocked and his “fight-or-flight” response is activated. According to the General Adaptation Syndrome, what stage is he in?: a)​ Alarm b)​ Resistance c)​ Exhaustion d)​ None of the above 30)​Researchers break down their complex problems into smaller tasks, examine their data, evaluate them, and then make logical conclusions. This is an example of what?: a)​ Creative Intelligence b)​ Analytical Intelligence c)​ Practical Intelligence d)​ Crystallized Intelligence 31)​Which is not a situation hypnosis would be used?: a)​ Anxiety b)​ Alcoholism c)​ Pain d)​ Smoking cigarettes 32)​_______ is memory for situations that one has personally experienced, while _____ memory is for information and facts.:  a)​ Episodic ; semantic b)​ Long-term ; Short-term c)​ Semantic ; episodic d)​ Procedural ; Short-term 33)​Anaya sees her friend Grace eating a cookie. She wants the cookie. According to Freud, Anaya’s ____ would cause her to want to take it from Grace, while her _____ stops her from doing so because it’s wrong: a)​ Superego ; id b)​ Ego ; Superego c)​ Id ; ego d)​ Id ; superego 34)​Dylan hydroplaned because he was driving too fast in the rain. Now, he knows it’s dangerous to speed in the rain. What is this an example of?: a)​ Bottom-up processing b)​ Top-down processing c)​ Sensation d)​ Mechoreception 35)​What is “the rules for combining words to form phrases and sentences”: a)​ Pragmatics b)​ Syntax c)​ Semantic d)​ Phonology 36)​ Haley gets yelled at work by her boss, she comes home and yells at her son, Jamie, even though he didn’t do anything wrong. What is this example of?: a)​ Projection b)​ Denial c)​ Displacement d)​ Repression 37)​Cones are _____, while rods ______?: a)​ Photoreceptor cells that respond to color ; function well in low- lit conditions b)​ Photoreceptor cells that respond to low-lit conditions ; respond to color c)​ Abundant; are rare d)​ Rare ; abundant 38)​Around what timeframe do babies start to babble?: a)​ 0-6 months b)​ 5-12 months c)​ 10-18 months d)​ 18-24 months 39)​Solomon’s Asch Line study found high rates of conformity to group pressures. Which factor does NOT make a person more likely to conform to group pressure?: a)​ The size of the majority b)​ If responses are public or private c)​ Ambiguity d)​ The presence of another dissenter 40)​Luke thinks he is being targeted by the FBI (even though he really isn’t). He also experiences hallucinations and displays disorganized speech and thinking. What psychological disorder is Luke most likely to have?: a)​ Schizophrenia b)​ Generalized Anxiety Disorder c)​ Social Anxiety Disorder d)​ Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 41)​What’s a wavelength?: a)​ It’s perceived as a tone saturation b)​ The distance between peaks c)​ The height of the wave d)​ It’s perceived as loudness 42)​In the Harlow Study: a)​ A child dressed up as a monkey but did not mimic its behavior, showing high levels of egocentrism b)​ The monkeys were placed in a paradigm where they preferred to be with the wire monkey for food instead of the cloth monkey for comfort c)​ A monkey was shown a novel object and a familiar object, and it looked at the novel object longer d)​ The monkeys were placed in a paradigm where they preferred to be with a cloth monkey for comfort instead of a wire monkey with food 43)​Ian experiences extreme shifts in emotions and activity levels. He goes from being the most happy and energetic person to feeling hopeless and depressed. He also goes  from not sleeping and engaging in risky activities to sleeping too much. What psychological disorder is Ian most likely to have?: a)​ Major Depressive Disorder b)​ Post-Traumatic Disorder c)​ Bipolar disorder d)​ Panic disorder 44)​_______ shows changes in brain activity over time by tracking blood flow and oxygen levels. It also shows metabolic activity over time. a)​ EEG (Electroencephalography) b)​ fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) c)​ PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography) d)​ CT Scan (Computerized Tomography Scan) 45)​Natalie's dog starts to wag its tail excitedly whenever Natalie picks up its leash because the dog associates the leash with going for a walk. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus (CS)? a)​ Natalie b)​ Going for a walk c)​ Wagging the tail d)​ The leash 46)​Emily experiences intense anxiety about public speaking and thinks, "If I mess up, everyone will think I'm stupid," which leads her to avoid speaking opportunities. During therapy, she learns to challenge this thought and replace it with a more balanced belief, "Even if I make a mistake, most people will understand, and I can  recover." She also practices public speaking in safe settings to reduce her fear. Which type of therapy is Emily using? a)​ Psychoanalysis b)​ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) c)​ Humanistic Therapy d)​ Exposure Therapy 47)​Parkinson’s disease is associated with _____ levels. a)​ Low norepinephrine b)​ High norepinephrine c)​ High dopamine d)​ Low dopamine 48)​Which of the following is NOT true of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)? a)​ it can start with memory loss, mood swings, and/or difficulty concentrating b)​ it is a progressive degenerative brain disease c)​ it only impacts older adults, because it is caused by age-related factors d)​ it can result in aggression and a lack of impulse control 49)​______ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.: a)​ Consensual validation b)​ Deindividuation c)​ Risky shift d)​ Cognitive dissonance 50)​“She is looking for a match” is an example of what?: a)​ Lexical ambiguity  b)​ Structural ambiguity c)​ Generalized ambiguity d)​ Phoneme ambiguity 51)​Which of the following is an example of divergent thinking? a)​ A student uses a calculator to solve a math problem by following a step-by-step procedure. b)​ A person uses a paperclip to create a tiny sculpture, a bookmark, and a hairpin, thinking of various ways to use the object. c)​ A scientist follows the scientific method to test a hypothesis in a controlled experiment. d)​ A teacher presents a lecture on the history of the United States, focusing on key events. 52)​_____ are warm but set limits for their children, while _____ are demanding and cold. a)​ Authoritarian; authoritative b)​ Authoritative; authoritarian c)​ Permissive-indulgent; uninvolved/neglectful d)​ Uninvolved/neglectful; permissive-indulgent 53)​Frank Gallagher is characterized as an alcoholic who prioritizes his own needs over those of his children, provides little to no support, and is often absent from their lives. Based on this description, which parenting style does he exemplify?: a)​ Authoritarian b)​ Authoritative c)​ Permissive-indulgent d)​ Uninvolved/neglectful