Final Review Topics 01 PDF

Instruction(s): Select the letter of your answer. No erasure. 1. It pertains to the level of Organizational Behaviorwhich includes the dynamics of formal and informal crowds whose behaviour is enhanced either by conflict or cooperation. A. Organizational...

Instruction(s): Select the letter of your answer. No erasure. 1. It pertains to the level of Organizational Behaviorwhich includes the dynamics of formal and informal crowds whose behaviour is enhanced either by conflict or cooperation. A. Organizational C. Group B. Individual D. Societal 2. Which of the following means the conveyance of information from the source to the receiver by using speaking, writing, and common systems of symbols as well as forms of behavior? A. Message C. Decoding B. Encoding D. Communication 3. The process of enabling workers to set their own goals, make decisions, and solve problems within their spheres of responsibility and authority. A. automation C. delegation B. empowerment D. task assignment 4. The basic beliefs about an organization's environment that shape its strategy. A. cultural values C. terminal values B. strategic values D. company values 5. Which theory emphasizes the leader’s ability to ascertain the maturity level of his followers and adjust his style to suit the quality of his followers’ responsiveness? A. Contingency leadership model C. Two-factor theory B. Path goal model D. Situational leadership theory 6. A series of small improvements or upgrades made to a company's existing products, services, processes or methods. A. architectural innovation C. system innovation B. radical innovation D. incremental innovation 7. Which cultural dimension refers to the importance attached to tradition, ceremony, social rules, and rank? A. Formality vs. Informality C. High-context vs. Low-context Culture B. Urgent Time vs. Casual Time Orientation D. Individualism vs. Collectivism 8. An association created by two or more individuals who come together to satisfy their social, affiliation, and psychological need. A. informal group C. team B. formal group D. organization 9. A system-wide application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for improving an organization's effectiveness. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational development D. organizational design 10. Refers to conflict regarding the goals and content of the work. A. process conflict C. legal conflict B. relationship conflict D. task conflcit 11. The values that employees need to have and act on for the organization to implement its strategic value. A. cultural values C. terminal values B. strategic values D. company values 12. A materialistic culture emphasizes: A. Personal relationships and well-being C. Harmony and cooperation B. Acquisition of material possessions D. Environmental sustainability 13. Which of the following conditions CANNOT ignite changes in organizational culture? A. Death of organizational leader C. Change of suppliers B. Technological breakthrough D. Economic crisis 14. A process for restructuring that throws out traditional assumptions that organizations should be structured with boxes and horizontal and vertical line. A. rethinking C. reengineering  B. realignment D. redesign 15. Found in large, old firms operating in simple, stable environments with diverse markets, divided by market segments. A. machine bureaucracy C. divisionalized form B. professional bureaucracy D. simple structure 16. A theory which assumes that no single leadership style is appropriate for a particular situation. A. Path goal model C. Contingency leadership model B. Two-factor theory D. Vroom-Jago leadership model 17. Necessary to create and direct change and to help the organization get through tough times. A. leadership C. team B. management D. groups 18. It is the process by which an organization brings new employees and transmits values, practices and traditions from older to younger employees. A. Organizational culture C. Socialization B. Workplace spirituality D. Culture 19. Ms. Mayumi Catarata, the new chief operating officer, believes that workers can be directed to reach optimum performance level. She provides standards, sets group goals, and monitors daily. She also believes that excellent performance deserves to be rewarded. She has been known to increase net worth of every organization she holds. Which leadership approach is she exhibiting? A. Democratic leadership C. Job-centered approach B. Employee-centered approach D. Achievement-oriented 20. The changing stage of Lewin's Change Model involves: Creating a sense of urgency and Stabilizing the new changes and ensuring they A. dissatisfaction with the current situation C. become the new norm Implementing new changes and moving towards B. the desired future state D. Celebrating the success of the change process 21. A dominant and coherent set of shared values and conveyed by such symbolic means. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 22. The core of what coordinates, controls, and motivate employees to cooperate towards the attainment of organizational goals. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 23. A leadership that is directed by respect for ethical beliefs and values and for the dignity and rights of others. It is thus related to concepts such as trust, honesty, consideration, charisma, and fairness. A. strategic leadership C. virtual leadership B. ethical leadership D. directive leadership 24. Which cultural dimension refers to the degree to which a cultural value encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence? A. Power Distance C. Performance Orientation B. Uncertainty Avoidance D. Materialism 25. A horizontal approach to innovation policy directed at problems that are systemic in nature. A. architectural innovation C. system innovation B. radical innovation D. incremental innovation 26. The act of transferring information from one place or person to another. A. communication C. information B. messaging D. dessiminating 27. The unfreezing stage of Lewin's Change Model involves: Creating a sense of urgency and Stabilizing the new changes and ensuring they A. dissatisfaction with the current situation C. become the new norm Implementing new changes and moving towards B. the desired future state D. Celebrating the success of the change process 28. Found in large, stable organizations with highly specialized and formalized work, with decision-making concentrated at the top. A. machine bureaucracy C. divisionalized form B. professional bureaucracy D. simple structure 29. Refers to the needs of a person to be free from threats/dangers as well as to have a safe work environment and job security A. Social needs C. Physiological needs B. Existence needs D. Safety and security needs 30. The study and implementation of practices, systems, and techniques that affect organizational change. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 31. It refers to the disagreements over philosophies, suppositions, divergent views and ways of doing things. A. Consideration C. Conflict B. Advocacy D. Power struggle 32. Require the use of qualitative as well as quantitative information about performance. A. careers C. evaluation B. decision making D. reponsibility 33. Often seen in young organizations in complex and dynamic environments, characterized by decentralized decision-making and frequent communication for coordination. A. machine bureaucracy C. divisionalized form B. professional bureaucracy D. adhocracy 34. Which theory assumes that the performance of the entire organization depends on the interaction between the organizational climate and the leadership style? A. Path goal model C. Contingency leadership model B. Two-factor theory D. Situational Leadership theory 35. Refers to the actions in which a company or business alters a major component of its organization, such as its culture, the underlying technologies or infrastructure it uses to operate, or its internal processes. A. organizational change C. organizational structure B. organizational developement D. organizational design 36. A performance-oriented culture emphasizes: A. Group harmony and consensus C. Achievement and excellence B. Tradition and conformity D. Patience and perseverance 37. Which cultural dimension refers to the extent to which people see themselves first as individuals and believe that their own interests take priority? A. Individualism C. Power Distance B. Collectivism D. Uncertainty Avoidance 38. The process for shaping the way your organization operates, to help you to pursue your strategies and meet your goals. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 39. A relatively temporary alliance or networks created by two or more organization who agree to work together to complete a specific venture. A. virtual team C. virtual company B. virtual organization D. virtual office 40. A culture with a strong work orientation values: A. Leisure time and relaxation C.Career advancement and achievement B. Work-life balance D.Community involvement and social responsibility 41. Refer any organization where everyone telecommutes to work from different places rather than go to work at a central office space. A. virtual team C. virtual company  B. virtual organization D. virtual office 42. Which of the following organizational processes contributing to sound and effective organizational performance helps to implement the concept of change towards improving an entire organization’s performance? A. Leadership C. Decision making B. Communication D. Organizational change and development 43. If you are a manager and you have a dominant need for this, it may affect your impartiality. A. Need for achievement C. Need for power B. Need for affiliation D. Need for growth 44. The capability to get things completed in the manner one wants them to be done. A. power of the management C. power of the supervisor B. power of the human resources D. power of the organization 45. A theory that insists individual goals and objectives are the primary determinants of behaviour. A. Goal Setting Theory C. Two-Factor Theory B. Expectancy Theory D. ERG Theory 46. People in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance tend to: A. Embrace change and ambiguity C. Take risks and experiment B. Prefer clear rules and procedures D. Be comfortable with uncertainty 47. People in cultures with an urgent time orientation tend to: A. View time as an unlimited resource C.Prioritize punctuality and efficiency B. Be patient and relaxed about deadlines D.Be flexible and adaptable to changes in plans 48. The movement of an organization from one state of affairs to another. A. organizational change C. organizational structure B. organizational developement D. organizational design 49. The process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace. A. creation C. development B. promotion D. innovation 50. Defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 51. Involve a simultaneous shift in mission and strategy, company or team structure, people and organizational performance, or business processes. A. organizational change C. transformational change B. adaptive change D. change management 52. In a high-context culture, communication relies heavily on: A. Explicit verbal messages C. Direct and assertive language B. Nonverbal cues and context D. Individualistic values 53. What is the best way to do in order to help maintain healthy communication in the workplace where conflict is inevitable? Be kind, candid and honest but be firm and A. Be professional but be intimate, too. C. ethical. Be conscious of acting towards coworkers only B. Be direct and straightforward. D. in ways you would want to be treated. 54. In a collectivist culture, people are more likely to: A. Prioritize personal goals over group goals C.Value harmony and consensus within the group B.Make decisions based on individual preferences D.Emphasize individual achievements 55. Common in complex and stable environments, relying on standardized skills with decentralized decision-making. A. machine bureaucracy C. divisionalized form B. professional bureaucracy D. simple structure 56. Which stage of socialization refers to particular activities that an individual undergoes prior to entering an organization? A. Anticipatory socialization C. Accommodation B. Role management D. Socialization 57. The set of values, beliefs, attitudes, systems, and rules that outline and influence employee behavior within an organization. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 58. There are organizational characteristics which are greatly entrenched in its customs, traditions, values, norms, and practices established and strengthened through the vision and mission statements, corporate philosophy and even structures of the organization. This refers to the A. organizational credo C. organizational systems B. organizational culture D. management philosophy 59. The refreezing stage of Lewin's Change Model involves: Creating a sense of urgency and Stabilizing the new changes and ensuring they A. dissatisfaction with the current situation C. become the new norm Implementing new changes and moving towards B. the desired future state D. Celebrating the success of the change process 60. Which of the following statements best describes the study of organizational behavior? it is a scientific discipline using It is learning about how people act within A. experiential approach C. organizations B. it is a study of organizational processes D.it is a social science 61. Which motivation theory proposes that workers compare the rewards they get with what other workers get in similar work situations, in the same company or in other companies within the same industry? A. Equity Theory C. Two-Factor Theory B. Exchange Theory D. Expectancy Theory 62. A theory which implies that organization should design jobs that will hold people as well as continue to interest them to grow and improve their performances A. Alderfer’s ERG Theory C. McClelland’s Learned Needs Theory B. Herzberg Two-Factor Theory D. Maslow’s Heirarchy of Needs Theory 63. The study of people in social systems and the causes and consequences of culture. A. sociology C. anthropology B. social psychology D. psychology 64. Among the intervention strategies to bring about cultural change in organizations, one requires that everyone in the organization must understand what the implementation of changes is really all about so that they can appreciate and participate rather than resist it. Which of the following does this require? Remove barriers to the implementation of A. Socialize to new members in the organization C. change Explain the reasons and benefits for the Communicate through memoranda and B. change D. inspirational stories 65. What is a stable set of qualities, traits and temperaments shaped by one’s social, cultural and environmental upbringing that distinguishes him from the others? A. Abilities and skills C. Personality B. Perception D. Attitude 66. According to Victor Vroom, pertains to the understanding of an individual that a particular behavior will result to a particular outcome. A. Instrumentality C. Valence B. Expectancy D. Second Level outcome 67. The underlying beliefs, assumptions, values and ways of interacting that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 68. Which of the following countries is known for its low uncertainty avoidance culture?  A. Japan C. Singapore B. Italy D. Israel 69. Strategy Contingency emphasizes the need for: A rigid and unchanging organizational A decentralized structure regardless of the A. C. structure organization's strategy A structure that is aligned with the B. D.A hierarchical structure for all organizations organization's strategic goals 70. What is a mental state of readiness that influences an individual’s response to others, to objects and to certain situations? A. Perception C. Behavior B. Attitudes D. Affection 71. The permanent reduction of a company's labor force by removing unproductive workers or divisions. A. retrenchment C. downsizing B. termination D. cost cutting 72. The process of providing increasing degrees of autonomy and self-direction to an organization’s employees. A. Empowerment C. Independence B. Creativity D. Social support 73. Concerned with using techniques to show the need for change and freeing up the fixed views held by people within the organization. A. unfreeze C. refreeze B. change D. fixed 74. Culture Contingency emphasizes the importance of: Ignoring organizational culture when designing Adopting a hierarchical structure regardless A. the structure C. of the culture Aligning the organizational structure with the Using a decentralized structure for all B. culture D. cultures 75. The study of human cultures and or relationship between culture and society. A. sociology C. anthropology B. social psychology D. psychology 76. It refers to the study and application of knowledge and theories about how people as individuals and as groups act within an organization. A. Organizational culture C. Organizational communication B. Organizational behavior D. Organizational development 77. Known to be a more liberal leadership style which is more concerned with employees’ personal growth and accomplishments. A. Democratic leadership C. Transformative leadership B. Achievement-oriented D. Employee-centered approach 78. Which contingency factor emphasizes the need for a structure that is aligned with the organization's strategic goals? A. Environmental Contingency C. Size Contingency B. Technological Contingency D. Strategy Contingency 79. The study of how individuals and groups interact within an organization and how these interactions affect an organization's performance toward its goal or goals. A. Organizational behavior C. Organizational movement B. Organizational management D. Organizational component 80. A company initiative or solution being introduced in the organization to improve the way work gets done, solve a problem, or take advantage of an opportunity. A. unfreeze C. refreeze B. change D. fixed 81. Are small, incremental changes organizations adopt to address needs that evolve over time.  A. organizational change C. transformational change B. adaptive change D. change management 82. Typically seen in small, young organizations in dynamic environments, characterized by little formalization and centralized decision-making. A. machine bureaucracy C. divisionalized form B. professional bureaucracy D. simple structure 83. What is the biological, emotional, cognitive or social force that activates and directs behavior of employees within an organization towards desirable performance levels? A. Tension C. Goals and incentives B. Motivation D. Needs 84. The pattern of the basic assumption that a given group has invented, discovered, or developed in learning to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 85. May arise when there are differences in perceptions between organizations. A. process conflict C. legal conflict B. relationship conflict D. task conflcit 86. The radical redesign of organizational processes to achieve major gains in cost, time, and provision of services. A. rethinking C. reengineering B. realignment D. redesign 87. A critical and science-based process that helps organizations build their capacity to change and achieve greater effectiveness by developing, improving, and reinforcing strategies, structures, and processes. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 88. The following conditions necessitates changes in an organizational culture EXCEPT A. Drastic technological developments C. Repackaging of products B. Promotion for leadership position D. Heavy financial loss 89. A formal culture emphasizes: A. Casual dress and relaxed social interactions C. Direct communication and confrontation B. Strict adherence to rules and etiquette D. Individual achievement and merit 90. The organization’s workplace environment and atmosphere which is generated from the collective perception that the members of the organization itself have. A. organizational culture C. organizational structure B. organizational climate D. organizational design 91. An invention that destroys or supplants an existing business model. A. architectural innovation C. system innovation B. radical innovation D. incremental innovation 92. The interconnection among nations in transpotation, distribution, communication and economics networks. A. multinational companies C. globalization B. transnational companies D. internationalization 93. Occurs when the parties have interpersonal issues. For instance, suppose one person has very strict conservative religious beliefs. A. process conflict C. legal conflict B. relationship conflict D. task conflcit 94. Among the organizational processes that contribute to sound and effective organizational performance, it is considered of utmost importance because it consists of behaviors and skills that set the direction of the organization. A. Leadership C. Decision-making B. Communication D. Organizational change and development 95. According to Alderfer, it is a level of need where a person is gratified through social relationships.  A. Growth needs C. Need for affiliation B. Need for power D. Relatedness needs 96. It is a special field of social science that studies different societies in order to understand human beings and their activities in different social systems. A. Sociology C. Anthropology B. Social Psychology D. Psychology 97. Which cultural dimension refers to the extent to which communication relies heavily on nonverbal cues and context? A. High-context Culture C. Individualism B. Low-context Culture D. Collectivism