Final Exam - Career Counseling PDF

**Final Exam -- Career Counseling (100 Questions)** **Multiple-Choice Questions:** 1. **Which of the following is NOT a personality type in Holland's RIASEC model?**\ a) Realistic\ b) Investigative\ c) Social\ d) Introverted 2. **Super's theory of career development emphasiz...

**Final Exam -- Career Counseling (100 Questions)** **Multiple-Choice Questions:** 1. **Which of the following is NOT a personality type in Holland's RIASEC model?**\ a) Realistic\ b) Investigative\ c) Social\ d) Introverted 2. **Super's theory of career development emphasizes which concept as central to career choice?**\ a) Job satisfaction\ b) Work-life balance\ c) Self-concept\ d) Job security 3. **Which career theory focuses on the interaction between personal, behavioral, and environmental factors?**\ a) Trait-and-Factor Theory\ b) Holland's Theory\ c) Social Cognitive Career Theory\ d) Super's Theory 4. **The Strong Interest Inventory (SII) is used to:**\ a) Measure personality preferences\ b) Evaluate career interests\ c) Assess cognitive abilities\ d) Diagnose psychological disorders 5. **The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) focuses on which of the following?**\ a) Personality traits\ b) Interests\ c) Career values\ d) Cognitive abilities 6. **What is the primary goal of career counseling for LGBTQIA+ clients?**\ a) Encourage traditional gender roles\ b) Reduce discrimination in the workplace\ c) Promote heterosexuality\ d) Assist with career exploration in an affirming environment 7. **In Super's Life-Span theory, the stage where individuals focus on establishing their career and gaining stability is called:**\ a) Exploration\ b) Establishment\ c) Maintenance\ d) Growth 8. **Which of the following is a key component of the NCDA ethical guidelines?**\ a) Counselors must always use interest inventories\ b) Counselors must respect client confidentiality\ c) Counselors should avoid discussing multicultural issues\ d) Counselors must provide all clients with job placement 9. **Which of the following assessments measures career-related personality preferences?**\ a) NEO-PI\ b) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)\ c) Strong Interest Inventory\ d) Career Maturity Inventory 10. **Career counseling for individuals with disabilities must consider:**\ a) Only their physical limitations\ b) The job market exclusively\ c) Accommodations required under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)\ d) Their personal relationships 11. **Which personality type in Holland's model is likely to prefer jobs involving hands-on work and practical tasks?**\ a) Enterprising\ b) Social\ c) Realistic\ d) Artistic 12. **The social cognitive theory emphasizes:**\ a) Interests and personality fit\ b) Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals\ c) Job satisfaction\ d) Leadership potential 13. **Cultural competence in career counseling requires that counselors:**\ a) Assume all clients have the same career needs\ b) Avoid addressing the client's cultural background\ c) Recognize and respect the client's cultural influences on career development\ d) Focus only on the client's individual preferences 14. **What is the purpose of the Career Values Inventory?**\ a) Measure cognitive abilities\ b) Assess work values and how they align with career choices\ c) Diagnose psychological issues\ d) Assess academic strengths 15. **Which of the following stages is characterized by preparing for retirement in Super's Life-Span theory?**\ a) Establishment\ b) Maintenance\ c) Growth\ d) Decline 16. **Which of the following terms refers to the discrimination experienced by LGBTQIA+ individuals in the workplace, particularly in terms of career advancement?**\ a) Lavender ceiling\ b) Pink ceiling\ c) Glass ceiling\ d) Equality barrier 17. **Which ethical guideline addresses the importance of not practicing outside of one's competence?**\ a) Client confidentiality\ b) Informed consent\ c) Professional competence\ d) Non-discrimination 18. **The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ensures that individuals with disabilities:**\ a) Receive higher pay\ b) Are offered jobs without interviews\ c) Have equal employment opportunities and reasonable accommodations\ d) Must disclose their disability to their employer 19. **The Strong Interest Inventory is most useful for:**\ a) Measuring personality traits\ b) Helping individuals understand their work-related interests\ c) Diagnosing mental health conditions\ d) Assessing career maturity 20. **Which career theory includes the idea of "career self-efficacy," focusing on a person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific career tasks?**\ a) Social Cognitive Career Theory\ b) Holland's Theory\ c) Trait-and-Factor Theory\ d) Super's Life-Span Theory 21. **In Holland's theory, which personality type prefers leadership roles and persuasive work?**\ a) Realistic\ b) Enterprising\ c) Investigative\ d) Social 22. **What is the goal of the Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Theory?**\ a) Match an individual's abilities with environmental factors\ b) Increase job satisfaction through personality assessments\ c) Improve work-life balance through counseling\ d) Assess career readiness based on external factors 23. **According to Krumboltz's Happenstance Learning Theory, career decisions are primarily influenced by:**\ a) Planned career exploration\ b) Accidental events\ c) Personality traits\ d) Cognitive abilities 24. **Which of the following is NOT a primary factor in Social Cognitive Career Theory?**\ a) Self-efficacy\ b) Outcome expectations\ c) Job satisfaction\ d) Personal goals 25. **In Super's theory, the phase where individuals transition into a career after completing their education is known as:**\ a) Growth\ b) Exploration\ c) Establishment\ d) Maintenance 26. **The Trait-and-Factor theory in career counseling is focused on:**\ a) Self-concept development\ b) Matching individual traits to job factors\ c) Long-term career satisfaction\ d) Cultural competence 27. **Which of the following assessments is best suited for evaluating career maturity?**\ a) Career Development Inventory\ b) Strong Interest Inventory\ c) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator\ d) Career Values Inventory 28. **What is the most common criticism of personality inventories like the MBTI in career counseling?**\ a) They are outdated\ b) They are too difficult to administer\ c) They may oversimplify complex personalities\ d) They are unreliable in predicting job satisfaction 29. **What is the primary goal of using the Strong Interest Inventory in career counseling?**\ a) Identify job satisfaction levels\ b) Match interests with career options\ c) Measure leadership potential\ d) Diagnose work-related stress 30. **Which of the following is a component of ethical decision-making in career counseling?**\ a) Refusing to refer clients to other professionals\ b) Providing free services to all clients\ c) Ensuring the client's best interests are prioritized\ d) Encouraging clients to pursue high-paying careers 31. **Which stage in Super's Life-Span theory focuses on stabilizing and improving career performance?**\ a) Growth\ b) Exploration\ c) Establishment\ d) Maintenance 32. **Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Career Maturity Inventory?**\ a) Evaluate leadership skills\ b) Assess decision-making readiness for career choices\ c) Diagnose psychological disorders\ d) Measure interest in various job categories 33. **According to Holland's theory, individuals with an Artistic personality type prefer:**\ a) Structured tasks with clear rules\ b) Solving complex problems in science\ c) Creative and unstructured work environments\ d) Leadership roles in business 34. **Which of the following is a key factor in career counseling for individuals with disabilities?**\ a) Avoid discussing the disability in career planning\ b) Focus only on the individual's limitations\ c) Identify necessary accommodations and career paths that fit the individual's abilities\ d) Ensure the individual enters a competitive career field 35. **Which of the following is an example of discrimination faced by LGBTQIA+ individuals in the workplace?**\ a) Glass ceiling\ b) Lavender ceiling\ c) Affirmative action\ d) Reverse discrimination 36. **In Social Cognitive Career Theory, the term self-efficacy refers to:**\ a) A person's ability to choose the best career path\ b) A person's belief in their ability to perform tasks successfully\ c) The support systems available in the workplace\ d) The evaluation of work-related skills 37. **Which of the following best describes a holistic approach to career counseling?**\ a) Focusing exclusively on work-related factors\ b) Considering both personal and career-related issues\ c) Using only standardized tests\ d) Concentrating only on personality traits 38. **The MBTI evaluates which four dimensions of personality?**\ a) Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving\ b) Realistic-Investigative, Artistic-Social, Enterprising-Conventional\ c) Self-Efficacy, Outcome Expectations, Goals, Environment\ d) Confidence, Ability, Goals, Satisfaction 39. **Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma in career counseling?**\ a) Referring a client for additional psychological testing\ b) Using an assessment tool that the counselor is not trained to interpret\ c) Discussing career options with a high school student\ d) Administering an interest inventory to a client 40. **In Super's theory, the stage where individuals begin preparing for retirement is called:**\ a) Establishment\ b) Maintenance\ c) Decline\ d) Growth 41. **Which of the following statements is true about ethical standards in career counseling?**\ a) Ethical standards only apply when working with special populations\ b) Counselors are encouraged to rely solely on standardized tests\ c) Counselors should always strive to maintain client confidentiality\ d) Career counselors are not expected to stay updated on current legal requirements 42. **Which of the following components is essential in constructing an effective career counseling plan for individuals?**\ a) Focusing on the most lucrative job opportunities\ b) Incorporating the individual's personal and family values\ c) Avoiding discussions about the individual's cultural background\ d) Recommending high-status jobs regardless of the individual's interests 43. **Which factor is central to Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)?**\ a) Self-esteem\ b) Interests\ c) Self-efficacy\ d) Job satisfaction 44. **Holland's theory primarily matches individuals to career environments based on their:**\ a) Abilities\ b) Personality types\ c) Interests\ d) Education level 45. **A major focus of career counseling for individuals with disabilities should be:**\ a) Avoiding career exploration that challenges physical limitations\ b) Ensuring they find a job in a low-demand field\ c) Helping them identify reasonable accommodations in the workplace\ d) Encouraging them to keep their disability private from potential employers 46. **Which of the following is a primary goal of the NCDA Ethical Standards for career counseling?**\ a) Ensure clients achieve immediate employment\ b) Guide counselors in providing culturally competent and ethical services\ c) Help counselors advocate for client pay raises\ d) Encourage clients to seek high-income careers 47. **Which of the following represents the most common form of job discrimination for LGBTQIA+ individuals in the workplace?**\ a) Lack of access to health insurance\ b) The \"lavender ceiling\" that limits career advancement opportunities\ c) Reverse discrimination\ d) Difficulty securing initial employment 48. **Which is a correct statement about Krumboltz's Happenstance Theory?**\ a) It focuses on planned, predictable career paths\ b) It emphasizes the importance of planned exploration\ c) It suggests that unexpected events can significantly shape career decisions\ d) It is primarily concerned with cognitive abilities 49. **Career self-efficacy in Social Cognitive Career Theory refers to:**\ a) A person's understanding of their job skills\ b) A person's belief in their ability to perform tasks in a career context\ c) How satisfied a person is with their job\ d) The value a person places on career achievements 50. **According to Super's theory, which of the following is the correct order of career stages?**\ a) Growth, Establishment, Exploration, Maintenance, Decline\ b) Growth, Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance, Decline\ c) Exploration, Growth, Maintenance, Establishment, Decline\ d) Growth, Exploration, Maintenance, Establishment, Decline **Scenario-Based Multiple-Choice Questions:** 51. **A 50-year-old client is seeking counseling because she feels stuck in her career and unsure about her future direction. Based on Super's theory, which stage is she most likely in?**\ a) Growth\ b) Exploration\ c) Maintenance\ d) Establishment 52. **John is a 30-year-old client who is anxious about his next career move. He has multiple interests and is having trouble deciding. His counselor suggests using the MBTI. What is the counselor likely trying to achieve by using this assessment?**\ a) Diagnose a mental health issue\ b) Help John understand his personality preferences and decision-making style\ c) Assess John's career maturity\ d) Predict John's future career success 53. **A counselor is working with an LGBTQIA+ client who has experienced workplace harassment. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the counselor?**\ a) Encourage the client to avoid discussing their identity at work\ b) Suggest the client leave their job immediately\ c) Provide support for coping with the harassment and exploring affirming work environments\ d) Refer the client to legal services without further discussion 54. **Sarah, a high school junior, is unsure about which college major to pursue. Which of the following assessments would be most appropriate to guide her decision?**\ a) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)\ b) Strong Interest Inventory (SII)\ c) NEO-PI\ d) Career Maturity Inventory 55. **A 45-year-old male client comes to career counseling after being laid off. He wants to explore a new career but feels uncertain about his options. Which stage of Super's Life-Span theory is he likely in?**\ a) Exploration\ b) Establishment\ c) Maintenance\ d) Decline 56. **A client has been in the workforce for 20 years and is facing health issues that require workplace accommodations. Which legislation should the counselor inform the client about?**\ a) Civil Rights Act\ b) Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)\ c) Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)\ d) Title IX 57. **A counselor notices that a client seems uncomfortable with the assessments being used due to language barriers. What should the counselor do?**\ a) Continue with the assessment to gather data\ b) Stop the assessment and discuss the client\'s discomfort\ c) Provide the client with a different assessment without discussing the issue\ d) Avoid further career counseling sessions 58. **A high school senior interested in pursuing a career in science is unsure which college program to choose. Which of the following career assessments would be most helpful?**\ a) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)\ b) Strong Interest Inventory (SII)\ c) NEO-PI\ d) Career Maturity Inventory 59. **A client recently completed the Strong Interest Inventory and scored high in the Artistic category. Which of the following career paths might be a good fit?**\ a) Accountant\ b) Graphic designer\ c) Financial analyst\ d) Sales manager 60. **A client has been employed in the same role for 10 years and is now seeking a leadership position. Based on Holland's theory, which personality type is most associated with leadership roles?**\ a) Realistic\ b) Investigative\ c) Artistic\ d) Enterprising 61. **A client is seeking career counseling after recently transitioning into a new role but feeling overwhelmed. The counselor uses Super's theory to assess the client's career stage. Which stage is the client most likely in?**\ a) Growth\ b) Exploration\ c) Establishment\ d) Maintenance 62. **A college student comes to counseling feeling uncertain about his future career path after completing his degree in biology. Which assessment tool would most help this student explore career options?**\ a) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)\ b) Career Values Inventory\ c) Strong Interest Inventory\ d) Career Development Inventory 63. **A 40-year-old client is thinking about starting a second career after spending 15 years in the finance industry. Which stage of Super's Life-Span theory does this transition represent?**\ a) Exploration\ b) Growth\ c) Maintenance\ d) Establishment 64. **A 35-year-old client is in a new leadership role and is struggling to adjust to the responsibilities. Which career theory would best address her ability to meet these challenges?**\ a) Holland's Theory\ b) Social Cognitive Career Theory\ c) Trait-and-Factor Theory\ d) Krumboltz's Theory 65. **A 55-year-old client is considering early retirement due to health concerns. Based on Super's Life-Span theory, which stage would this decision most likely align with?**\ a) Growth\ b) Decline\ c) Maintenance\ d) Establishment 66. **Which of the following assessments is most commonly used to help individuals explore their work-related interests?**\ a) Strong Interest Inventory\ b) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator\ c) Career Development Inventory\ d) NEO Personality Inventory 67. **The primary goal of career counseling is to help individuals:**\ a) Maximize their income\ b) Achieve personal satisfaction in their work lives\ c) Find job security\ d) Select high-status careers 68. **Which of the following statements is true about the role of cultural competence in career counseling?**\ a) It is not necessary to consider a client's cultural background in career counseling\ b) Cultural competence ensures that counselors respect and address clients\' cultural influences on career choices\ c) Counselors should focus on universal career solutions, regardless of the client's background\ d) Cultural competence is only important in multicultural counseling, not career counseling 69. **A client who scores high in the Enterprising category of Holland\'s model might be best suited for which career?**\ a) Scientist\ b) Sales manager\ c) Artist\ d) Mechanic 70. **Which of the following is NOT a central concept in Super's Life-Span, Life-Space theory?**\ a) Vocational identity\ b) Career self-efficacy\ c) Career stages\ d) Self-concept 71. **The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) primarily aims to:**\ a) Ensure people with disabilities receive higher pay\ b) Prevent workplace discrimination against individuals with disabilities\ c) Encourage people with disabilities to disclose their disability during interviews\ d) Provide job placement services for people with disabilities 72. **Which personality type in Holland's theory prefers creative, artistic, and expressive work environments?**\ a) Realistic\ b) Investigative\ c) Enterprising\ d) Artistic 73. **Which of the following theories emphasizes the role of self-efficacy in career decision-making?**\ a) Super's Life-Span Theory\ b) Holland's Theory\ c) Social Cognitive Career Theory\ d) Trait-and-Factor Theory 74. **A client with a Realistic personality type in Holland's model would likely excel in which type of occupation?**\ a) Medical doctor\ b) Carpenter\ c) Teacher\ d) Social worker 75. **In Super\'s theory, which stage involves taking steps to ensure long-term career growth and development?**\ a) Growth\ b) Establishment\ c) Maintenance\ d) Decline 76. **Career counseling for LGBTQIA+ individuals should focus on:**\ a) Encouraging clients to pursue traditional gender roles\ b) Addressing workplace discrimination and helping clients explore affirming environments\ c) Advising clients to keep their identity private\ d) Promoting non-work-related counseling 77. **According to Krumboltz\'s Happenstance Learning Theory, unplanned events:**\ a) Have little effect on career development\ b) Should be avoided during career planning\ c) Can significantly shape career paths\ d) Lead to career dissatisfaction 78. **What is the primary purpose of the Career Maturity Inventory?**\ a) Assess readiness for career decision-making\ b) Measure job satisfaction\ c) Diagnose personality disorders\ d) Assess leadership potential 79. **In Super\'s theory, which stage typically involves making the first real career choices and seeking entry into a career field?**\ a) Growth\ b) Exploration\ c) Maintenance\ d) Decline 80. **Which of the following is NOT a goal of the NCDA ethical guidelines?**\ a) Providing culturally sensitive services\ b) Ensuring the client's confidentiality\ c) Requiring clients to achieve immediate job placement\ d) Encouraging competence among career counselors 81. **Which assessment is best suited for understanding an individual's work values?**\ a) Career Values Inventory\ b) Strong Interest Inventory\ c) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator\ d) Career Maturity Inventory 82. **Which of the following scenarios represents an ethical violation in career counseling?**\ a) Referring a client to another professional for additional counseling\ b) Using an assessment that the counselor is not trained to interpret\ c) Administering interest inventories to help a client make a career decision\ d) Explaining the results of a career assessment to a client 83. **Which of the following theories focuses on matching individuals\' interests with job characteristics?**\ a) Social Cognitive Career Theory\ b) Trait-and-Factor Theory\ c) Super's Life-Span Theory\ d) Krumboltz's Happenstance Theory 84. **Career self-efficacy refers to:**\ a) A person\'s level of job satisfaction\ b) A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific career tasks\ c) The degree to which a person matches their career interests\ d) A person's leadership potential 85. **Which of the following is an example of gender discrimination in the workplace?**\ a) Lack of flexibility in work hours\ b) The \"lavender ceiling\"\ c) The \"glass ceiling\"\ d) Reverse discrimination 86. **In Holland's model, individuals with Investigative personalities prefer jobs that involve:**\ a) Creative and artistic activities\ b) Working with ideas and solving problems\ c) Leadership and persuasion\ d) Social interaction and helping others 87. **Which theory is most concerned with the influence of chance events on career development?**\ a) Super\'s Life-Span Theory\ b) Social Cognitive Career Theory\ c) Trait-and-Factor Theory\ d) Krumboltz's Happenstance Theory 88. **A career counselor should ensure that their use of assessments is:**\ a) Limited to those that are most popular\ b) Consistent with their professional training and competence\ c) Focused on obtaining immediate employment for the client\ d) Avoiding culturally specific assessments 89. **Which of the following is NOT part of Super's life-space concept?**\ a) Roles individuals play in their life\ b) Life stages\ c) Environmental influences\ d) Personality traits 90. **A major factor in Social Cognitive Career Theory is:**\ a) Matching personality traits to career tasks\ b) The role of self-efficacy in career success\ c) Personality traits and interests\ d) The importance of early career planning **Scenario-Based Multiple-Choice Questions (continued):** 91. **A 35-year-old client in a new management position is struggling with confidence in her leadership role. Using Social Cognitive Career Theory, what should the counselor focus on?**\ a) Assessing the client's leadership skills\ b) Addressing the client's self-efficacy and strategies for improving confidence\ c) Exploring a new career path\ d) Recommending further leadership training 92. **A high school senior is preparing for college and is undecided about a major. Which career counseling tool would be most useful?**\ a) Strong Interest Inventory\ b) Career Development Inventory\ c) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator\ d) NEO Personality Inventory 93. **A client who identifies as LGBTQIA+ is dealing with workplace discrimination and feeling conflicted about how to move forward. How should the career counselor respond?**\ a) Encourage the client to leave their job immediately\ b) Help the client explore affirming workplace environments and coping strategies\ c) Avoid discussing the client's identity in relation to work\ d) Suggest legal action without exploring other options 94. **A college student nearing graduation is uncertain about which job opportunities to pursue. Which assessment is most likely to help them?**\ a) Career Values Inventory\ b) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator\ c) Strong Interest Inventory\ d) Career Development Inventory 95. **A client is in the Decline stage of Super's Life-Span Theory. What career-related focus is most appropriate?**\ a) Career exploration and decision-making\ b) Preparing for retirement or reducing career involvement\ c) Building leadership and management skills\ d) Planning for a career change 96. **A client has been in the workforce for 15 years and is now considering transitioning into a different career field. Which stage of Super's Life-Span theory does this transition represent?**\ a) Exploration\ b) Establishment\ c) Maintenance\ d) Decline 97. **A client recently took the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and scored as an Introverted, Thinking, Judging (ITJ) type. What might the counselor suggest as a possible career path based on this result?**\ a) Sales representative\ b) Financial analyst\ c) Social worker\ d) Teacher 98. **A client is preparing for a job interview but feels anxious about how to handle difficult questions. Which career counseling approach might help the client gain confidence?**\ a) Using the Career Values Inventory to assess the client's work values\ b) Improving the client's self-efficacy through Social Cognitive Career Theory\ c) Conducting a job market analysis to help the client identify more opportunities\ d) Recommending a complete career change 99. **A college student has a strong interest in helping people and social justice. Based on Holland's RIASEC model, which personality type might fit this student?**\ a) Realistic\ b) Social\ c) Artistic\ d) Conventional 100. **A client is interested in pursuing a leadership role in their current organization but feels unsure about their abilities. Based on Social Cognitive Career Theory, what should the counselor focus on?**\ a) Assessing the client's job satisfaction\ b) Enhancing the client's self-efficacy through targeted strategies\ c) Recommending the client avoid leadership roles\ d) Suggesting the client switch careers **Answer Key:** 1. d\) Introverted 2. c\) Self-concept 3. c\) Social Cognitive Career Theory 4. b\) Evaluate career interests 5. a\) Personality traits 6. d\) Assist with career exploration in an affirming environment 7. b\) Establishment 8. b\) Counselors must respect client confidentiality 9. b\) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) 10. c\) Accommodations required under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 11. c\) Realistic 12. b\) Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals 13. c\) Recognize and respect the client's cultural influences on career development 14. b\) Assess work values and how they align with career choices 15. d\) Decline 16. a\) Lavender ceiling 17. c\) Professional competence 18. c\) Have equal employment opportunities and reasonable accommodations 19. b\) Helping individuals understand their work-related interests 20. a\) Social Cognitive Career Theory 21. b\) Enterprising 22. a\) Match an individual's abilities with environmental factors 23. b\) Accidental events 24. c\) Job satisfaction 25. b\) Exploration 26. b\) Matching individual traits to job factors 27. a\) Career Development Inventory 28. c\) They may oversimplify complex personalities 29. b\) Match interests with career options 30. c\) Ensuring the client's best interests are prioritized 31. d\) Maintenance 32. b\) Assess decision-making readiness for career choices 33. c\) Creative and unstructured work environments 34. c\) Identify necessary accommodations and career paths that fit the individual's abilities 35. b\) Lavender ceiling 36. b\) A person's belief in their ability to perform tasks successfully 37. b\) Considering both personal and career-related issues 38. a\) Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving 39. b\) Using an assessment tool that the counselor is not trained to interpret 40. c\) Decline 41. c\) Counselors should always strive to maintain client confidentiality 42. b\) Incorporating the individual's personal and family values 43. c\) Self-efficacy 44. b\) Personality types 45. c\) Helping them identify reasonable accommodations in the workplace 46. b\) Guide counselors in providing culturally competent and ethical services 47. b\) The \"lavender ceiling\" that limits career advancement opportunities 48. c\) It suggests that unexpected events can significantly shape career decisions 49. b\) A person's belief in their ability to perform tasks in a career context 50. b\) Growth, Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance, Decline 51. c\) Maintenance 52. b\) Help John understand his personality preferences and decision-making style 53. c\) Provide support for coping with the harassment and exploring affirming work environments 54. b\) Strong Interest Inventory (SII) 55. c\) Maintenance 56. b\) Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 57. b\) Stop the assessment and discuss the client\'s discomfort 58. b\) Strong Interest Inventory (SII) 59. b\) Graphic designer 60. d\) Enterprising 61. c\) Establishment 62. c\) Strong Interest Inventory 63. a\) Exploration 64. b\) Social Cognitive Career Theory 65. b\) Decline 66. a\) Strong Interest Inventory 67. b\) Achieve personal satisfaction in their work lives 68. b\) Cultural competence ensures that counselors respect and address clients\' cultural influences on career choices 69. b\) Sales manager 70. b\) Career self-efficacy 71. b\) Prevent workplace discrimination against individuals with disabilities 72. d\) Artistic 73. c\) Social Cognitive Career Theory 74. b\) Carpenter 75. c\) Maintenance 76. b\) Addressing workplace discrimination and helping clients explore affirming environments 77. c\) Can significantly shape career paths 78. a\) Assess readiness for career decision-making 79. b\) Exploration 80. c\) Requiring clients to achieve immediate job placement 81. a\) Career Values Inventory 82. b\) Using an assessment that the counselor is not trained to interpret 83. b\) Trait-and-Factor Theory 84. b\) A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific career tasks 85. c\) The \"glass ceiling\" 86. b\) Working with ideas and solving problems 87. d\) Krumboltz's Happenstance Theory 88. b\) Consistent with their professional training and competence 89. d\) Personality traits 90. b\) The role of self-efficacy in career success 91. b\) Addressing the client's self-efficacy and strategies for improving confidence 92. a\) Strong Interest Inventory 93. b\) Help the client explore affirming workplace environments and coping strategies 94. c\) Strong Interest Inventory 95. b\) Preparing for retirement or reducing career involvement 96. c\) Maintenance 97. b\) Financial analyst 98. b\) Improving the client's self-efficacy through Social Cognitive Career Theory 99. b\) Social 100. b\) Enhancing the client's self-efficacy through targeted strategies