Final Exam Review PDF

Final Exam Review Sheet: Concerto → When a solo instrument is accompanied by other instruments Pizzicato → Plucking the strings of a string instrument with your fingers instead of a bow Arco → Playing a string instrument using a bow Crescendo → When the music gradually gets louder and reaches a cli...

Final Exam Review Sheet: Concerto → When a solo instrument is accompanied by other instruments Pizzicato → Plucking the strings of a string instrument with your fingers instead of a bow Arco → Playing a string instrument using a bow Crescendo → When the music gradually gets louder and reaches a climax Drone → long continuous notes Diminuendo → The sound of music getting gradually softer Legarto → smooth connected flow of notes Staccato → detached flow of notes Tremolo → plucking a string instrument back and forth on the same note Trill → Alternating quickly between two notes Accelerando → Gradually playing faster Ritardando → Gradually playing slower Requiem → Music performed at someone’s funeral Music Speed: Allegro → Moderato → Adante → Asiago → Largo → Notes: Whole note → 4 beats Half note → 2 beats Quarter note → 1 beat Eighth note → ½ beat Opera Monteverdi → the first prominent opera composter Lent → 40 days before easter. Opera was prohibited during the entire length of lent. Oratorio → religious opera (does not include costumes, is simply a form of performance) What did opera include → Soloist, orchestra, choir, dancing Giacomo Puccini → Notable orchestra composer from the classical period. -​ Notable pieces by Giacomo Puccini: Madame butterfly (Japan), Turandot (China), La Boheme (France) Recitative → dialogue in opera Aria →Singing dialogue (an examples is Nessun Dorma) Montiverdi: L'Orfeo → Monteverdi’s first opera Poppea → Monteverdi’s last opera Opera → work or a piece of work First Opera → the first opera was located in venice Italy Les miserables → musical Know the years for the following musical periods: Middle Ages (400-1400) Renaissance (1400-1600) Baroque (1600-1750) Classical (1750-1820) Romantic (1820-1900) What were the seven liberal arts in ancient Greece (the foundation of Western civilization)? - Trivium - Grammar, Logic and Rhetoric - Quadrivium - Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy and Music What was Boethius' philosophy on music? - Boethius thought that music was everywhere in nature. The musica instrumentalis refers to the music that can usually be heard in the concert halls. The musica humana reverberates within our bodies and spirits. The musica mundana corresponds to the music of the spheres. What instruments were associated with the Ancient Greek gods Apollo and Dionysus, and what are the associations? - Apollo and the lyre Apollo was the god of reason and judgment, and the lyre was a chordophone, or string instrument, with a recognizable tortoiseshell soundbox. - Dionysus and the aulos Dionysus was the god of intoxication, frenzy, vegetation, wine, and theater, and the aulos was an aerophone, or wind instrument, made up of two pipes that were likely played simultaneously. The aulos was often associated with Dionysus's retinue. How was chant originated? Chants were a central part of early Christian worship, and are still a significant part of Catholic liturgy today. Chants originated from chanting aloud from the Bible. The melodies used to highlight the meaning of the words and make the text audible to large groups. Name two composers from the Middle Ages who worked in the Notre Dame: - Leonin - Perotin Know the three Renaissance composers mentioned in class: - Palestrina - William Byrd - Thomas Tallis Know the three composers from the Baroque period: - Johann Sebastian Bach - Antonio Vivaldi - George Frederic Handel Composers from the classical period -​ Motzart Composer from the Romantic period -​ Mendellson -​ Clara & Robert Schuman -​ Franc Schubert Name four instruments each in the string family, in the order of high to low range: - Violin, viola, cello, double bass Name four instruments in the brass family, in the order of high to low range: - Trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba Name the keyboard instruments that was widely used prior to the invention of piano: - harpsichord and organ What's the main difference between a piano and a harpsichord? - The main difference between a piano and a harpsichord is how they produce sound: a piano uses hammers to strike strings, while a harpsichord plucks strings. What is the plucked stringed instrument with a long neck bearing frets and a rounded body with a flat front, often seen in a Baroque ensemble? - lute What is the technical term for plucking the strings of a violin/viola/cello/double bass? - pizzicato What does "double stops" mean in playing a string instrument? - A double stop is a string technique that involves playing two notes at the same time by using the bow to sound two adjacent strings. What is the official name for the church music which Bach composed for voices with instruments? - cantata What is the solo instrument featured in Vivaldi’s Four Seasons concerto? - Violin Who invented the solfege (do, re, mi, fa, sol...etc.)? - Guido d'Arezzo Understand the basics of pipe organ: - Long pipes make low sounds, and shorter pipes make higher sounds. To make different sounds, there is one pipe for each key on the keyboard. Organists use the stop tabs on the console to choose which sounds to play. Organists can combine stops in many ways to create a variety of sounds. They also play the pedals with their feet. Know the definition of "concerto": - A concerto is a piece of classical music that features a soloist accompanied by an orchestra, usually in multiple movements. How is a "concerto" different from a "symphony"? - A concerto is written for a solo instrument or small group of instruments, while a symphony is written for a full orchestra. Name the six human voice parts mentioned in class: - Soprano, alto, countertenor, tenor, baritone, bass What is the term that describes one syllable being set to many notes, and what is the term that describes one syllable per note? - Melismatic & Syllabic Who led the reformation and popularized congregational singing? - Martin Luther Name two famous tunes of Martin Luther mentioned in class: - A Mighty Fortress is our God - Come now, Saviour of the Heathens Mozart Worksheet Which city was Motzart Born What was Motzart father name What was Mozart's sister’s name What age did Motzart start composing music Which musical instrument did Motzart first play How old is Motzart when he first performed publicly Who helped Motzart’s