Renaissance Music and Art: Introduction, Types and Periods (PDF)

# Renaissance Music - Renaissance music was very emotional - The distinction between secular music and sacred music was also established - This period is also known as the Golden Age of "A Cappella" or choir music - A cappella means unaccompanied by any musical instrument # Types of Masses |...

# Renaissance Music - Renaissance music was very emotional - The distinction between secular music and sacred music was also established - This period is also known as the Golden Age of "A Cappella" or choir music - A cappella means unaccompanied by any musical instrument # Types of Masses | Number | Type | Description | |---|---|---| | 1 | Kyrie | Prayer for Mercy, begins or consists of the word "Lord Have Mercy" | | 2 | Gloria | Praises to God, Latin doxology that begins with "Gloria in Excelsis Deo" | | 3 | Credo | Confession of Faith | | 4 | Sanctus | Song about God’s holiness, is a hymn of adoration sung or said before prayer of consecration | | 5 | Agnus Dei | Song that asks God to take away the sins of the world and to grant mercy and peace, it means Lamb of God | # Secular Music - Madrigal - It was a poetry set into music and arranged into multiple parts without accompaniment - Its musical form consists of two or three stanzas, each with three lines # Giovanni da Palestrina - He is an Italian composer known for his sacred and secular music - He was an organist and choir master at the Sistine Chapel and St. Peter Basilica - Misa Papae Marcelli or Pope Marcellus Mass # Thomas Morley - He was a theorist, editor, and organist at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London - He was a famous Renaissance composer of secular music in Elizabethan England # Musical Terms - **Tremolo**: Means a trembling effect - **Pizzicato**: Means a plucking effect - **Sforzando**: Means an agitated style # Baroque Musical Style - Ripieno: The soloist is accompanied by a large group of musicians # Harpsichord - It is a keyboard instrument in which the strings are plucked, rather than hit with hammer (which is the mechanism for the piano, a more recent development) # Organ - It is a keyboard instrument, operated by the player's hands and feet, in which pressurized air produces notes through a series of pipes organized in scalelike rows # Musical Terms - **Toccata**: It is a composition for keyboard instruments It is usually virtuosic, involving fast or difficult playing by the performer - **Counterpoint**: Consists of two or more melodies played at the same time that establish a harmonic relationship # Musical Terms - **Invention**: It was the name given by Bach to pieces of small dimensions written in rather loose fugal imitation - **Prelude**: Various free styles and forms called preludes were combined with a contrasting strict fugue # Musical Terms - **Oratorio**: Came after the name of a church room called the oratory where prayers were offered - **Continuo**: It is an obstinate or persistent, repeating accompaniment figure in a composition # Composers of the Baroque Period - **Johann Sebastian Bach** - He was born in a musical family - He was a German composer and one of the musical geniuses who mastered the fugue, the organ, and the harpsichord - He is the culminating figure of Baroque music and one of the titans in the history of Western music - **George Frideric Handel** - He became knowledgeable in the operatic style and achieved great success - One of his famous work is the “Hallelujah Chorus” from his oratorio “Messiah” - **Antonio Vivaldi** - He was a virtuous violinist, prolific composer, and teacher, as evidenced by the level of competence attained by his pupils - He was known as the “Red Priest” because of his red hair # Opera - It is staged, acted, and performed in theater # Renaissance Art - “Renaissance” means “reawakening" or "rebirth". # Early Renaissance Art (1401 - 1490s) - Florence became the site of renewed interest for philosophy, religion, & art of ancient Greece and Rome - **Donato di Niccolo "Donatello" di Betto Bardi** - He was a sculptor during this period, used his talent and unique style to produce lifelike statues # Fresco - The Italian word for "fresh", is the method of painting in which color pigments are mixed only with water and applied directly on freshly laid lime-plaster ground or surface # High Renaissance Art (1490 – 1527) - Rome become the new center of the Renaissance Art headed by Pope Leo X. - **Michelangelo** - A famous sculptor and fresco painter - **Raphael** - He is well-known for his style of displaying warmth and serenity in his works # Leonardo da Vinci - **Vitruvian Man:** It depicts a nude man in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and inscribed in both a circle and square. - **Mona Lisa:** It is a half-length portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, it has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world". # Mannerism Art (1530-1600) - This artistic style focused on artificiality, as opposed to idealized naturalism of High Renaissance art # Perspectives of the Renaissance Painting 1. **Linear Perspective**: The objects you see far from you are painted smaller and those closer are painted larger. 2. **Horizon Line**: This may be understood as the line representing the viewer's eye level. 3. **Vanishing Point**: This refers to the point at which parallel lines appear to converge far in the distance, often on the horizon line. # First Aid - It is an immediate help provided to a sick or injured person until professional medical help arrives or become available # Sports Injuries - **Acute Injuries:** These injuries occur suddenly and are usually short-lived, requiring immediate treatment. - **Chronic Injuries:** These are develop from long-term repetitive motion in sports. # Common Sports Injuries 1. **Pain & Swelling:** These are soft tissue injuries such as bruises 2. **Cut:** Abrasion or shallow scrape is characterized by the tearing or wearing away of the top layer of the skin called epidermis. 3. **Fracture:** This is a break in the bone that is a result of a quick one-time injury. - **Open Fracture:** Occurs when a broken bone pierces through the skin. - **Closed Fracture:** Results when a bone breaks but does not protrude through the skin. 4. **Sprain:** This is a tear or stretch in the ligament that is caused by trauma such as a blow or fall that knocks a joint out of position. 5. **Strain:** This is a twist, pull, or tear of a muscle or tendon. 6. **Concussion:** This is a traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body 7. **Dislocation:** The bones are misaligned due to an injury # PRICE Method - This is the primary treatment of a swelling soft tissue - **Protection:** Stop the activity immediately and protect the injured part from further damage - **Rest:** Rest the area to allow the tissue to heal - **Ice:** Apply cold therapy (ice or iced packed wrapped in a thin towel) to an acute injury. This reduces the swelling and pain. - **Compression:** Quickly wrap the injured body part with an elastic bandage, not too tight but have it snug. - **Elevation:** Elevate the injured part above the heart to reduce the blood flow and swelling to the area. # Qualities of a Good Sports Official - **Physical fitness**: This is the basic requirement for an official to perform his/her tasks without undue fatigue and to have extra energy for recreation and emergencies. He/She should see to it that his/her current fitness level is always in tip-top body condition to accomplish sports officiating tasks. - **Emotional qualities**: Foremost attribute of an official is self-confidence or emotional readiness, which he/she develops with constant engagement in updating himself/herself professionally with the rules of the game. Actual immersions and observations in games will help him/her in responding to game-specific situations. - **Mental alertness**: This attribute is equally important with the other attributes. This requires an official to be mentally tough. The ability to stay focused, handle pressure, manage thoughts and feelings, and command and control the playing environment is crucial for an official. The integrity of the game will depend on the official’s decisiveness to manage the game with satisfying results, making the competing teams accept victory and defeat positively. - **Social Qualities**: This attribute refers to the ability of the official to deal with others, particularly in settling disputes or complaints. To be able to do this, he/she should be with experienced officials who can share wisdom on varying game situations. # Sportsmanship - **Fairness:** All athletes and coaches must follow established rules and guidelines of their respective sport. Teams that seek an unfair competitive advantage over their opponent create an uneven playing field that violates the integrity of the sport. - **Integrity:** Any athlete should not desire to gain an advantage over his/her opponent by faking an injury or foul and to intentionally deceive an official into making a bad call, which only hurts the credibility of the official and ultimately undermines the integrity of the game. - **Responsibility:** Players and coaches must take responsibility for their performance, as well as manage their actions and emotions. - **Respect:** All athletes should show respect for teammates, opponents, coaches, and officials. All coaches should show respect for their players, opponents, and officials. All fans, especially parents, should show respect for other fans, as well as for both teams and officials. # Environmental Issues - **Natural:** It is a major environmental problem resulting from natural processes of the Earth. - **Man-Made:** These are extreme environmental problems that are caused by human beings. # Environmental Issues in the Philippines - The Philippines is situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire - The Philippines is also located near the so-called Typhoon Belt (Is a large region in Pacific Ocean where there is a propensity of tropical cyclones) - **Pollution:** It happens when there is a presence of large amounts of unwanted and harmful substances on land, water, or air. # Environmental Problems on People’s Health - **Deforestation:** Destruction of forests by means of clearing and cutting of trees. - **Flash Flood:** This happens when the rain falls so fast that the underlying ground cannot cope or drain it away fast enough. - **Soil Erosion:** This is the removal of soil, sediment, and rock fragments from the landscape. - **Oil Spill:** This is the release of a liquid petroleum or crude oil to the environment, most often into the ocean. - **Coral Reef Degradation:** A process in which coral reefs that serve as homes for some marine fishes are destroyed by direct or indirect means. - **Illegal Mining:** Unlawful acquisition or extraction of important minerals such as ore, coal, nickel, gold, iron, and other materials from Earth. - **Climate Change:** Result in increasing global warming, which causes disruptions or rapid changes of Earth’s climate conditions. - **Pollution:** It is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. # Drug Abuse - **Drug:** A drug is a chemical substance that changes the physical, emotional, or behavioral state of the person taking it. It is used to alter, sustain, or control the recipient's physical, mental, or emotional state. - **Drug Abuse:** Substance or drug abuse is the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances such as alcohol and illicit drugs. - **Drug Misuse:** Substance or drug misuse is the use of a drug for which it was not intended or using it in excessive quantity. - **Drug Addiction:** Substance or drug addiction is a state of physical or psychological dependence on a drug. - **Drug Dependence:** Substance or drug dependence is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration and results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use. It includes a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persistence in its use despite harmful consequences, higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a physical withdrawal state. - **Drug Addiction:** Drug addiction is a complex disease. Quitting usually takes more than good intentions or a strong will. Drugs alter the brain so much that quitting from it is very difficult, even for those who want to.