DC Fire Guidelines for Vehicle Fires Response PDF

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 1 April 2022 (Revised) Guidelines for Response to Vehicle Fires 1.0 REFERENCES 1.1 Order Book Article XVIII-F - Prevention of Fire – Operations Bureau Fire Investigations Guidelines 1.2 Safety Operations Bulletin No. 1 - Highway Incident Traffic Safety Procedures 1.3 Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 16 – Response Guidelines for Emergencies Involving Electric Vehicles 2.0 POLICY Apparatus Positioning 2.1 When possible, apparatus shall be positioned uphill and in front of the involved vehicle. 2.2 Apparatus shall be positioned at least 100 feet from the involved vehicle. 2.3 Truck companies will coordinate with engine companies to ensure a safe operating area for suppression activities. 2.3.1 If arriving first, the truck company shall position the apparatus to allow for engine company access. Size-Up 2.4 Upon approaching the scene, company officers will perform an incident size-up as follows: 2.4.1 Assess the hazard to life, property and the environment. 2.4.2 Survey the scene for indications for the involvement of hazardous materials. 2.4.3 Survey the scene for downed power lines and/or the involvement of “underground” electrical equipment. 2.4.3 Determine if there are injured and/or trapped occupants of the vehicle. 2.4.4 Evaluate threats to exposures such as structures, power lines, other vehicles, etc. 2.4.5 Determine area of fire involvement and vehicle fuel type. 2.4.6 Determine the need for additional resources. GO-2022-18 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 1 – Guidelines for Response to Vehicle Fires Page 2 General Safety Guidelines 2.5 Full PPE and SCBA shall be worn by all members operating on the scene of a vehicle fire. 2.5.1 Members shall place their SCBA in-service prior to approaching an involved vehicle, a minimum of 25 feet away. 2.6 At least one wheel of the involved vehicle shall be chocked as soon as it is safe to do so. 2.7 Involved vehicles should be approached from the end opposite the fuel tank, and from a 45-degree angle whenever possible. 2.8 Fuel fill caps shall not be removed at any point during or after firefighting operations. Engine Company Standard Operating Guidelines 2.9 A minimum of one 1-1/2” hose line will be utilized on vehicle fires. 2.9.1 The first line should be used to extinguish fire in the passenger compartment. 2.9.2 A second 1-1/2” hose line should be placed in service as a back-up line and/or to cool fuel storage areas when necessary. 2.10 Consideration shall be given to the need for additional engine companies if distance from a water source is an issue, or a large vehicle is involved. 2.11 If it is determined that the involved vehicle is battery powered, the requirements and considerations of Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 16 – Response Guidelines for Emergencies Involving Electric Vehicles will be followed. Truck Company Standard Operating Guidelines 2.12 The truck company officer shall serve as the safety officer. 2.13 In addition to the general safety guidelines, the truck company shall ensure or assist with the following support activities: 2.13.1 Establish a safe perimeter. 2.13.2 Assist with any immediate rescues. 2.13.3 Deny entry to the public and non-essential personnel and isolate the area. 2.13.4 Provide access to passenger and non-passenger compartments. 2.13.5 Control electrical systems and/or alternative fuel cells. 2.13.6 Assist with extinguishment as needed. 2.13.7 Ensure search of vehicle is completed after extinguishment – all passenger and non-passenger compartments. GO-2022-18 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 1 – Guidelines for Response to Vehicle Fires Page 3 2.13.8 Provide scene lighting. 2.13.9 Perform overhaul activities. Post-fire Investigation Responsibilities 2.14 If necessary, the Fire Investigations Unit shall be requested in accordance with Order Book Article XVIII-F - Operations Bureau Fire Investigations Guidelines. 3.0 DEFINITIONS 4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES 4.1 Members are responsible for donning and using proper PPE and SCBA during vehicle fire incidents. 4.2 Drivers and company officers are jointly responsible for positioning apparatus in accordance with this policy. 4.3 Engine company officers are responsible for ensuring proper size and number of hose lines are utilized. 4.4 Truck company officers are responsible for ensuring all safety procedures are followed, traffic is controlled, the involved vehicle is secured and rendered safe (i.e., wheels chocked, electrical system secured, alternative fuel cells controlled, etc.). 4.5 Truck company officers are responsible to assist with support activities as outlined in section 2.13. 4.6 Incident commanders are responsible for ensuring the requirements of Firefighting Operations Bulletin 16 – Response Guidelines for Emergencies Involving Electric Vehicles are followed, if applicable. 4.7 Incident commanders are responsible for requesting the Fire Investigations Unit if necessary. GO-2022-18 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 2 AUGUST 2006 (Reissued) Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 2 is a reissue of Old Bulletin No. 33 issued March 2006. FIREFIGHTING TACTICS FOR E85 FUEL This Bulletin is to alert first responders to the requirements for handling E85 fuel, an alternative fuel composed of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. Driven by environmental, economic, and energy security concerns, the availability and use of E85 is growing nationally. E85 is designed for use in flexible fuel vehicles, referred to as "FFVs." According to the Energy Information Administration, there are over four million light-duty flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) in the United States as of 2005. These are operated by private citizens as well as business and government fleets. FFVs may fuel with either E85 and/or gasoline interchangeably. Most FFVs are still fueled with gasoline, but the availability of E85 and FFVs is expected to increase significantly in the next few years. Many major automakers including DaimlerChrysler, Ford, General Motors, Mazda, Mercury, Isuzu, and Mercedes manufacture vehicles that can operate on E85. FFVs have been produced for several years, and the number of E85-compatible makes and models is increasing each year. Therefore, the likelihood of emergency events involving this product will also increase. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), fires involving E85 should be treated differently than traditional gasoline fires, because E85 is a polar/water-miscible flammable liquid. E85 is highly flammable, and will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. The DOT recommends following Guide 127 in the 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. According to the ERG2004, public safety should: Call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper first. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 2 FIREFIGHTING TACTICS FOR E85 FUEL Page 2 Structural firefighters’ protective clothing will only provide limited protection. For fires, public safety should: Be cautioned that these products have a very low flash point; use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. For small fires, use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. For large fires: o Use water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. o Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. o Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. For fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: o Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. o Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. o Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. o ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. o For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. For spills or leaks, public safety should: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements, or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 2 FIREFIGHTING TACTICS FOR E85 FUEL Page 3 For large spills, public safety should: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. For evacuation, public safety should: For a large spill, consider downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1,000 feet). If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also consider the evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. For first aid, public safety should: Move victim to fresh air. Give artificial respiration if victim not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes; wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. The full Guide 127 can be found at: http://hazmat.dot.gov/pubs/erg/g127.pdf.. GO-2006-22 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 3 AUGUST 2006 (Reissued) Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 3 replaces Old Bulletin No. 35 issued September 2002. METRO CNG BUSES Introduction Starting in February of 2002, Metro introduced CNG (compressed natural gas) buses into its fleet. Initially, approximately 40 buses were introduced with an additional 100 buses expected to be phased in by the end of 2002. The only location to fill the buses in Washington is at the Bladensburg Road facility. Metro and the manufacturer, Lincoln Composites, maintain that the buses are extremely safe and have surpassed many DOT tests that are required by law. Including; acid drip tests, a 30 mph direct crash test, a drop test at 45-degree angle and a fire and heat test. Section 1. Tanks The buses in the Metro fleet contain 7 CNG tanks that operate at 3600 PSI. The range of the pressure can vary depending the ambient temperature, from 3400 PSI (cold) to 4000 PSI (warm). Tanks are located on the roof. Knowing that CNG is lighter than air and will dissipate easily when released influenced Metro's decision to purchase this style of bus over the other choice which was an under the floor mounted system. Each tank is 120" long and 15.9" in diameter and weighs 269lbs. Each tank is constructed of a lightweight plastic and wrapped with a carbon glass fiber. Each tank has an independent shut off located at the end of each tank. The flow of gas can be shut down by turning the lever 90 degrees. The lever will be perpendicular to the piping. Section 2. Pressure Relief Devices/Sensors There are 8 PRD's (pressure relief devices) located in the roof area. The device will activate at 5400 PSI or when the tank is heated to 220 degrees (f). There are 4 methane sensors located on the bus. 2 are in the tank compartment and 2 are located in the engine compartment. The sensors alert the driver to leaks in 2 modes: "trace" and "significant". If a "significant" alert is activated the engine will shut down. GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 3 METRO CNG BUSES Page 2 Section 3. Fires & Extinguisher System The most practical method of extinguishing a CNG fire is to shut off the gas at its source. Even if the fire has been extinguished, until this is done there is a possibility of re-ignition. CNG burns with an orange flame. Normally, a high-pressure leak will not ignite because it is too rich to burn. Temperature sensors are also located on the bus and release an extinguishing agent when reaching a temperature of 280 degrees (f). The system can also be manually activated by the driver which is located near the driver's position. Section 4. CNG Fuel The 7 tanks are filled with a compressed natural gas that is mostly made up of Methane. Mercaptan is added to give it a distinct odor. The fueling compartment door is located in the right rear of the bus and contains a fuel shutoff located inside the door. To shut down the system turn the lever 90 degrees or perpendicular to the piping. CNG has a flash point of 560 degrees (f). For minor leaks remove ignition sources 100 feet and 300 feet for major leaks. CNG is non-toxic, however in large volumes and in confined spaces the oxygen will be displaced and cause asphyxiation. Low-pressure leaks will first be noticed by their odor. High pressure leaks will be noticed the sound. ** For more information refer to CNG Bus Technical Manual. GO-2006-22 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 04 February 2023 High Ladder Removal Kit 1.0 REFERENCES 1.1 Rope Rescue Training Manual (CMC Manual 4th Edition) 1.2 Rescue Operations Bulletin 7 – Section 6, Equipment 2.0 POLICY 2.1 The purpose of the High Ladder Removal Kit (HLRK) is to aid in the removal of a downed firefighter from an elevated position, through upper floor windows or a roof. 2.2 The high ladder kit can be utilized on any ladder. 2.3. The high ladder kit can be utilized from any elevated position. 2.4 The high ladder kit will include a rope log specific to each bag. Equipment will be inspected in accordance with Rescue Operations Bulletin 7 – Section 6, Equipment. Rescue of Downed Firefighter Using the HLRK 2.5 In preparation for high ladder kit deployment, the first unit(s) to make contact with the downed firefighter (RIT team or other units operating in the area) will package the downed firefighter and position him/her as close to a window as possible. 2.6 Deployment of the kit will start by raising a ladder to the highest point above the window being used. 2.7 One firefighter will ascend the ladder and secure the high ladder kit to a high point rung by: 2.7.1 Wrapping the red prusiks around the desired rung twice then securing it back to the high point carabiner. 2.8 The firefighter on the ladder will then lower the rescue carabiner into the window to the crews inside packaging the downed firefighter. 2.9 When the rescue carabiner is secured to the downed firefighter, firefighters outside on the ground may begin to haul. GO-2023-06 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. xx – High Ladder Removal Kit Page 2 2.10 The firefighters inside will then guide the downed firefighter out of the window. 2.10.1 The firefighters in the window will guide the rope away from the building so the downed firefighter being lowered does not get caught on the building or other obstructions. 2.11 The outside firefighters on the ground will slowly lower the downed firefighter to the ground using the hauling system. 2.12 Members shall be guided by Appendix A of the is policy for further information and illustrations for the use of the HLRK. 3.0 DEFINITIONS 3.1 High Ladder Removal Kit- A bag containing 100’ of ½” static kernmantle rope, a rope log, and a 2:1 mechanical advantage system. (2 swivel pulleys, 1 large (rescue) carabiner and 1 small (high point) carabiner, and a prusik) 3.2 High point carabiner- The carabiner attached to the prusik to be secured to a high point (ladder rung). 3.3 High Point- The area above the window/roof line higher than the target area. 3.4 Rescue carabiner - The carabiner that is secured to the victim’s harness (SCBA). 3.5 Prusik- fixed loop of cord used to secure the high point carabiner to the rung of the ladder. 3.6 Downed Firefighter- A firefighter who is injured or unconscious and is unable to selfextricate from a building. 4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES 4.1 Firefighters are responsible for having a thorough understanding of the components and use of the HLRK including the packaging of a downed firefighter. 4.2 Officers and supervisors are responsible for conducting drills on the packaging and removal of a downed firefighter utilizing the HLRK. 4.3 Truck Company Commanders will coordinate with the Company Commander of Rescue Squad 1 to ensure compliance with Rescue Operations Bulletin 7. Specifically, Section 6. Equipment. 4.4 The Training Academy shall ensure annual competency training on the HLRK. GO-2023-06 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. xx – High Ladder Removal Kit Page 3 Appendix A Photo 1- Ground ladder properly placed above the window where the downed firefighter is located GO-2023-06 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. xx – High Ladder Removal Kit Page 4 Photo 2- High ladder kit prepared to attach to rung above window on ground ladder Photo 3-high ladder assembly attached to ladder rung with prusik GO-2023-06 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. xx – High Ladder Removal Kit Page 5 Photo 4 - Downed FF packaged with waist strap secured between legs Photo 6 - Downed FF positioned on windowsill from inside rescue teams. Photo 5 - Carabiner attached to both harness straps of SCBA Photo 7- Downed FF assisted out of window and prepared to be lowered. GO-2023-06 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 5 AUGUST 2006(Revised) Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 5 revises and replaces Bulletin No. 37 issued May 1977. HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS General Information Many helicopters are flown within the Washington Metropolitan area. These helicopters are owned or operated by: Metropolitan Police, U.S. Park Police, Medstar Hospital transport, Corporate and Federal helicopters. This Bulletin will cover the following aircraft: Bell 412, Sikorsky UH-3 VH-3D, UH 60A, American Eurocopter EC 135, AS-365 N2, AS 365 N2 Dolphin and Boeings CH-47. This is just a sampling of the types of aircraft that first responders may encounter. The greatest danger after a helicopter crash is fire. The flammable material and fire accelerating material carried in these aircraft is a major concern to members on the scene. Material that may cause a fire or explosion danger includes gasoline or jet fuel, oxygen, oils, hydraulic fluid and grease. These materials are a great concern for persons around the aircraft. All onlookers should be kept a minimum of 1500 feet from the crash scene. Most aircraft carry only enough fuel for their particular mission plus a slight reserve. Members should expect a potential 100 gallons of fuel on board the aircraft at any crash scene. As a rule of thumb, the safest area of a crash is inside the helicopter. Flying debris from damaged rotors can cause serious injury and death. At all crash scenes, responders must focus on such hazards as jagged metals, hot surfaces and leaking fuel. Access to most helicopters is gained by clearly marked emergency exits and access doors. These doors and exits are often designed to withstand most crashes. Generally, most passenger seats are equipped with standard lap belts, pilot and copilot seats have a multi-point system and trapped personnel can be removed by unlatching a single release or by using the seat belt cutter. All aircraft used for patient transport will carry oxygen and every precaution shall be taken to protect this tank from damage and if possible from heat or fire impingement. Helicopter Landings in General On occasion members may be called on to assist in helicopter landings and takeoffs. With the exception of the VIP detail, the following information is furnished to help eliminate any danger to the helicopter and others within the landing area or accident scene. GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Page 2 While it is true a helicopter can hover straight up and down in a designated area, it is also true that this type of landing or takeoff is the most hazardous to the aircraft and crew. A safer method of landing a helicopter is similar to a fixed wing aircraft, as it should land into the wind and approach the area at a slight angle to the ground as the aircraft reduces airspeed up to the area of touch down. It should be clearly understood that obstacles such as wires are difficult to see form the aircraft during the day and extremely difficult at night. The landing zone (LZ) OIC shall survey the area for hazards and if suspended wires or other obstructions are present or near the scene this information should be relayed to the pilot prior to his approach. If a roadway is too narrow or there are too many trees, alternate location must be determined such as a playground or park. These areas must also be checked for obstacles prior to the helicopters approach. In addition during the LZ survey, check for loose material on the ground which could become projectiles from the Rotor wash of the Helicopter. If the landing area will involve a street or thoroughfare it is important to stop all traffic in both directions 150 feet from the landing site. The lead cars in each direction should turn off vehicle lights. If the landing zone is in a field or park, a minimum diameter of 100 feet is preferred. Never direct flood or spot lights in the direction of the aircraft. Shine lights to the ground to illuminate and mark the landing area. Remember when selecting a safe landing zone, the helicopter will generally try to land descending in the direction of the wind or with the wind no more that 90 degrees off the nose of the aircraft. Always establish radio contact utilizing the proper tact channel or an alternative 800 frequency through (OUC). This procedure can be accomplished while operating with most agencies. Approaching an Aircraft Always approach a helicopter from the direction in which the pilot can see you. Do not approach until eye contact is made and the pilot gives you a signal to approach. Consider rotor dip, uneven terrain and slope when approaching the aircraft. Never approach from the rear of the aircraft or cross under the tail rotor. Always leave by the same route that you approached, either front or side. While aircraft is on the ground, post a guard at the rear of the aircraft only during the time the helicopter is on the ground just outside of the perimeter (100 Ft.) to alert people of the tail rotor. Always keep tools and appliances at waist high. Be aware of rotor wash and secure all gear, both personal and operational. Firefighting Hazards On any incident an understanding of the construction of the aircraft is an advantage. With helicopters, the aircraft is made of lightweight metals such as Magnesium, Titanium, and Aluminum. Generally you will find these metals in the frame, engine and landing gear. GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Page 3 Magnesium: lightweight, silvery white metal that melts and ignites at approximately 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit. It will react violently with water and depending on the volume involved a Class D (dry powder) extinguishers are required. Titanium: Silver gray in color and is as strong as steel. Although lightweight is presents extreme extrication challenges. Aluminum: Lightweight and will loose structural support at the melting point of 700 degrees Fahrenheit to 800 degrees Fahrenheit. Power Source: The aircraft may have one or more engines located high on the frame. In addition the transmission is also located in this area. This presents the problem of the aircraft being top heavy with a tendency to flip. This tendency of the aircraft to flip is especially true in aircraft in the water crashes. Fuel: Most aircraft fuel will have characteristics of diesel fuel rather then gasoline, the only aircraft fuel that is more volatile is “aviation fuel”, which is 100% octane or more. Aviation fuel will be found in small personal planes, not helicopters. Jet Fuel A is a Kerosene-type fuel used in helicopter turbine engines. Jet Fuel A compared to Gasoline and Diesel. Property Ignition Temp Flashpoint Vapor Density Flammable Range Jet A Fuel 410 F 100 F 4.5.7 – 5 % Gasoline 536 F -45 F 3-4 1.4 – 7.8 % Diesel 494 F 140 F >1.6 – 7.5 Note the flash point differences. The fuel cells in helicopters are usually located in the floor of the aircraft. Any compromise of the cell would probably be crash induced. On any type of crash incident, control the vapors and runoff. GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Page 4 Helicopter Danger Zone: The following is a diagram of a generic helicopter rotor system and the danger zone. Note the dark (blue) area is the pilot’s blind area. Always make eye contact with pilot and approach on their approval. GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Page 5 Helicopter Specifications Specifications for the D.C. Police Helicopter AS 350B3, U.S. Park Police Bell 412 EP, Federal Executive transport helicopters CH-47, UH-60, EC-135 MedSTAR Medical transport and Maryland State AS 365 N2 Dolphin rotor wing aircraft. D.C. Police Helicopter AS 350B3 Maximum overall length Maximum gross weight Power plants Maximum air speed Fuel quantity / range Rotor blades Landing gear Pilots IFR certified Paramedics Defibrillator Aerial rescue capable Nightsun Forward looking infra-red device 35.86 feet 4,960 lbs. 1 Turbomeca Arriel 2B1 140 Knots 143 gallons 2 Skids 1 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Page 6 U.S. Park Police Bell 412 EP Maximum overall length Maximum gross weight Power plants Maximum air speed Fuel quantity / range Rotor blades Landing gear Pilots IFR certified Paramedics Defibrillator Aerial rescue capable Nightsun Forward looking infra-red device 46.4 feet 11,900 lbs. 2 Pratt & Whitney PT6T-3D Engines 130 Knots 330.5 gallons 2 Skids 1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Page 7 CH-47 Executive Transport Helicopter Maximum overall length Maximum gross weight Power plants Maximum air speed Fuel quantity / range Rotor blades Landing gear Pilots IFR certified Paramedics Defibrillator Aerial rescue capable Nightsun Forward looking infra-red device 98 feet 22,379 lbs. 2 Textron Lycoming T55-L-712 159 MPH 330.5 gallons 230 NM(nautical miles) 2 Landing wheels 1 Yes No No Yes No No GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Page 8 VH-3D Executive Transport Helicopter Maximum overall length Maximum gross weight Power plants Maximum air speed Fuel quantity / range Rotor blades Landing gear Pilots IFR certified Paramedics Defibrillator Aerial rescue capable Nightsun Forward looking infra-red device 73 feet 11,856 lbs. Two General Electric T58-GE-402 140 MPH Unknown / 600 NM (nautical miles) 2 Retractable wheels 2 Yes No Yes No No No GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Page 9 UH-60 Blackhawk Executive Transport Helicopter Maximum overall length Maximum gross weight Power plants Maximum air speed Fuel quantity / range Rotor blades Landing gear Pilots IFR certified Paramedics Defibrillator Aerial rescue capable Nightsun Forward looking infra-red device 64.8 feet 11,516 lbs. 2 GE T700 – 701C 184 MPH Unknown / 504 NM (nautical miles) 2 Skids 2 Yes No No Yes No No EC-135 MedSTAR GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Maximum overall length Maximum gross weight Power plants Maximum air speed Fuel quantity / range Rotor blades Landing gear Pilots IFR certified Paramedics Defibrillator Aerial rescue capable Nightsun Forward looking infra-red device Page 10 33.5 feet 2,965 lbs. 2 Pratt & Whitney turbine engines 139 Knots. 1,182.6 Lbs. / 335 NM (nautical miles) 2 Skids 2 Yes Yes Yes No No No AS 365 N2 Dolphin Maryland State Police GO-2006-22 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 5 HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS Maximum overall length Maximum gross weight Power plants Maximum air speed Fuel quantity / range Rotor blades Landing gear Pilots IFR certified Paramedics Defibrillator Aerial rescue capable Nightsun Forward looking infra-red device Page 11 44.5 feet 4,262 lbs. 2 Textron Lycoming LTS-101-750B 165 Knots. 300 gallons / range 2 Skids 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes GO-2006-22 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 06 March 2023 Rope Assisted Search Procedure 1.0 REFERENCES 1.1 Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 7, Thermal Imaging Cameras 1.2 SCBA Manual Chapter 2, 3M Scott Air-Pak 75 5.5 Pak Tracker and Hand-Held Receiver Specs 2.0 POLICY Overview 2.1 This Rope Assisted Search Procedure (RASP) can be utilized by search teams when it is necessary to search large open areas, or in situations where the lay-out or interior configuration of the building are such that ordinary search techniques are not sufficient to ensure an adequate search. 2.2 The ordinary search technique, or right-hand/left-hand search, requires the firefighter to maintain contact with a wall while sweeping with the free hand to locate trapped occupants. This may not be possible in larger buildings. In addition, the ordinary search technique assumes that by following the wall, the searcher will be returned to the point where the search started. This may not be the case when searching the occupancy with a confusing lay-out or large open areas. 2.3 The R.A.S.P. is not required to be utilized in every MAYDAY situation. 2.4 The following is a list of occupancy types that may require the use of a search rope: 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6 2.4.7 2.4.8 2.5 Gymnasiums / Auditoriums Parking Garages Grocery Stores Theatres Big Box Stores / Warehouses Churches Bus Barns / Auto Mechanic Shops Any pre-planned building with confusing/non-traditional layout Primary search lines can be extended with additional search rope bags; more than one system can be deployed simultaneously to cover more area. GO-2023-16 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Bulletin No. 06 Rope Assisted Search Procedure Page 2 3.0 DEFINITIONS 3.1 R.A.S.P. - Rope Assisted Search Procedure 3.2 Retractable Tether - Retractable 20’ of 6mm Kevlar over polyester rope, carried in a flame-resistant pouch. The search kit will contain four (4) personal ropes. (Appendix A) 3.3 Primary Search Line - 200’ of 9.5mm Kevlar over polyester rope carried in a squareshaped rope bag. (Appendix A) Rings are positioned in the rope at twenty (20) foot intervals. These provide an attachment point for the personal search rope in order to perform a sweep search. There are also knots to determine the length of rope deployed. Each knot represents 20’ (i.e., 1 knot + ring = 20’, 3 knots + ring = 60’). The knot/ring set-up will also help establish the direction of travel. When exiting the search area, the knot(s) will come before the ring. When entering, ring before knot(s). (Appendix A) 3.4 CAN Report - Acronym for Conditions, Actions, and Needs that are used to describe current fire conditions, actions that are being performed and resources that may be needed. This term is also synonymous with an update that is provided to the incident commander or responding battalion fire chief. 4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES 4.1 The search team will consist of five members. Any Truck Company or Rescue Squad can fill the positions of a search team and utilize the RASP. Position Officer / Team A Bar / Team A Hook / Team B Tiller / Team B Truck Driver / Squad Driver Tools Primary Search Line, TIC PAK-Tracker (During RIT Ops) Irons, Retractable Tether, TIC Hook/Halligan, Retractable Tether, TIC, RIT Air Pak (During RIT Ops) Halligan, Retractable Tether, TIC Light(s) and additional equipment as needed Responsibilities Search team leader, deploys rope and scans area with TIC, maintains contact with crew Forcible entry, Search off the main line. Search FF – search off the main line Search FF – Search off the main line Place lights at the anchor point entrance, monitor at anchor point, secure additional equipment, and assist as needed. GO-2023-16 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Bulletin No. 06 Rope Assisted Search Procedure Page 3 4.2 Search Procedure 4.2.1 The search team will retrieve all needed equipment necessary for RASP operation. 4.2.2 The end of the Primary Search Line will be secured to a substantial object outside of the hazard area between knee and waist high (2-3 feet off ground). 4.2.3 The officer will choose the most advantageous entry point based on the situation and notify Command of the anchor point location. They will then advance into the search area deploying the Primary Search Line keeping the Search Rope as taut as possible. 4.2.4 The team members will fall-in behind the officer. The order should be as follows: 4.2.4.1 4.2.4.2 4.2.4.3 4.2.4.4 OIC/Team A Bar/Team A Hook/Team B Tillerman/Team B 4.2.5 The Truck Driver / Squad Driver will monitor the anchor point and remain flexible to retrieve additional equipment and assist as needed. 4.2.6 The Truck Driver / Squad Driver will place lights on the floor/ground at the anchor point entrance to aide units in the search area with egress. 4.2.7 Once inside the search area members will scan with the TIC. This scan should be six-sided (1-in front, 2-left side, 3-right side, 4-up, 5-down and 6-behind) looking for the following: 4.2.7.1 4.2.7.2 4.2.7.3 4.2.7.4 4.2.8 Search path / building layout Trapped occupants Fire conditions Hazards/obstacles As the search continues, team members will be deployed from the primary search line when there is an area that cannot be seen (ex. behind a door, bed, counter, or other obstacle). 4.2.8.1 When deploying search firefighters from the main line, the retractable tethers shall be used to maintain contact with the main line. 4.2.8.2 The retractable tether will be clipped into a ring on the main line, into the main line itself by making several wraps of the main line around the carabiner of the tether, or into a ring on the rope bag. GO-2023-16 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Bulletin No. 06 Rope Assisted Search Procedure Page 4 4.2.8.3 In unusual situations/occupancies where it is determined by the OIC that the retractable tethers may become an entanglement hazard, the search firefighter may be deployed off of the main line without the retractable tether attached to the main line. 4.2.8.3.1 In this situation both voice and visual (TIC) contact must be maintained between the search firefighter and OIC at all times. 4.2.8.3.2 Members shall utilize the thermal imaging camera and maintain voice contact as they advance to the desired area and perform a physical search. Once the physical search of the desired area is complete the search Firefighter will regain physical contact with the main search line and/or OIC. 4.2.8.3.3 At the instance where the OIC loses or anticipates losing visual contact with the member that is untethered, the OIC will order the member to immediately stop and return to the primary search line. 4.2.8.4 When the search team makes a turn while advancing, the search line must be secured. This can be accomplished by simply tying a half hitch or clove hitch around an object at the point of the turn. This will aide in keeping the line taught and 2 to 3 feet from the ground. 4.2.9 The Officer shall be responsible for CAN reports as needed. The report should include any pertinent information as well as air status and distance from the anchor point. (Example: 4 knots = 80 feet from anchor point) 4.2.10 Additional search rope bags can be added to the original bag to extend the area of the search. In this event the anchor end of the second bag shall be secured to the carabiner at the terminal end of the first bag, not the bag itself. 4.2.11 Whenever the search is terminated the bag will be left in place and the primary search line pulled taught and tied off. 4.2.12 When exiting the building either after the search is terminated, a victim is found, or in an emergency situation, members will stay in contact with the primary search line and exit in reverse order from which they entered (OIC shall be the last member out). If during the search operation the OIC identifies an alternate closer exit point, that exit point may also be used. GO-2023-16 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Bulletin No. 06 Rope Assisted Search Procedure Page 5 Appendix A GO-2023-16 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Bulletin No. 06 Rope Assisted Search Procedure Page 6 GO-2023-16 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Bulletin No. 06 Rope Assisted Search Procedure Page 7 GO-2023-16 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Bulletin No. 06 Rope Assisted Search Procedure Page 8 GO-2023-16 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Bulletin No. 06 Rope Assisted Search Procedure Page 9 GO-2023-16 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 7 December 2021 THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS 1. Introduction The thermal imaging camera (TIC) represents an important application of technology available for use by the fire service to acquire information with relative ease. In incidents where the naked human eye is not able to reveal objects in darkness, smoke filled atmospheres, containers or other types of barriers, the TIC detects thermal energy radiated/generated from surrounding objects and converts the energy into a visual image. In addition to the visual benefits, the TIC reads the temperature of the area, item, or contents at which the operator aims. The operator can also use the TIC to detect the seat of a fire as well as conduct temperature readings while advancing through smoke areas, heated areas, hazardous material incidents, search operations, ventilation operations, and overhauling operations (just to name the most common uses). The following sections will review the operation and maintenance of the TIC. 2. Theory of TIC Function Infrared energy is part of the electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength whose wavelength is longer than that of visible light, but shorter than microwaves. The long-wavelength infrared can obtain a completely passive picture of the outside world based on thermal emissions only and requires no external light. To simplify this, the name itself may help to explain this technology. The word ‘infrared’ is derived from the Latin word ‘infra’ meaning below and red being the color of the longest wavelength of visible light. The higher an object’s temperature, the more infrared radiated energy is emitted. The TIC can detect this radiated energy and convert it to a picture to be used by the operator without any visible light. In understanding the above general explanations, the TIC operates based on an object’s temperature- the cooler the object’s surface, the darker the image on the TIC screen; the warmer the surface area, the whiter the image on the TIC screen. On most TIC’s, an object’s color will be displayed to reflect the temperature range as temperatures increase. On the TIC, cooler temperatures are BLUE, warmer are WHITE and, as temperatures increase, images are shown in YELLOW and RED. GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 2 In order to produce images that better distinguish between objects in the overall temperature range, the TIC will automatically operate between what’s called LOW and HIGH sensitivity modes. The HIGH sensitivity mode operates up to approximately 300°F. When temperatures rise above 300°F, the TIC will automatically switch to the LOW sensitivity mode, allowing a better image to be produced. Often the LOW sensitivity mode will have some sort of indicator alerting the operator of the mode of operation the unit is in, such as an “L” on the screen. This change from high to low sensitivity is necessary because the screen would “white out” if the unit was to remain in HIGH sensitivity mode while temperatures were above 300°F. With TIC’s that utilize color to display temperature range, colors are visible in relation to a given temperature range. For example, you may see RED utilized in the high sensitivity mode around 290°F, starting with lighter shades to darker shades. When the TIC changes to the Low sensitivity mode, you may not see Red until the Temperatures reach 900°F. When the TIC changes modes, you will lose the color until a specific temperature is reached in the Low sensitivity mode. The operator needs to know what mode the camera is operating in, and utilize the temperature read out and/or temperature bar on the screen to know what the temperature is of the area or object. The TIC’s image may freeze on screen at times. This function of the TIC is known as “shuttering” and it is the TIC refreshing the focal plane in order to operate properly. This function is normal. Some TIC’s will do this more often than others, especially in the LOW sensitivity mode. 3. Field Test In 2011 the D.C. Fire and EMS Department Training Academy field tested various TICs used by the Department. This study was conducted utilizing the Department’s flashover simulator. The main purpose was to gain general knowledge of the TIC’s capabilities regarding visual images produced and the different temperature bar indicator readings. With the general understanding that flashover is forthcoming at or around 1100° F, an interesting conclusion was found. In the testing process, the temperature indicators were aimed at the ceiling area of the burn container and the front ceiling area of the occupancy container. With all three cameras, the temperature range of 400° F to 450° F was displayed before a rapid increase of temperature and subsequant flashover. Again, this was a field test conducted in a controlled area. To assume that these temperature readings will be the same in an actual fire incident may be unrealistic but this knowledge may allow sufficient time to take proper defensive steps, such as cooling the upper thermal environment before advancing, finding an area of safe refuge or evacuating the immediate area. Remember that this is a tool to assist the firefighter with tactical decisions. With various manufacturers of thermal imagers, the appendix will cover the specific functions and specifications of each one utilized by the Department. GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 3 4. Classification of Thermal Imagers  Strategic Decision Making (Bullard NXT, MSA 5200, Scott ISG-X380) 1. Effective for search and rescue, size up, go/no go situations 2. High resolution 3. Faster processor speed or refresh rate 4. Larger screen  Situational Awareness (Seek Revel Fire Pro) 1. Can prevent firefighter disorientation and assist with exiting their way out away from a fire. 2. Lower resolution 3. Slower processor speed or refresh rate 4. Smaller screen 5. Operation and Use The TIC is considered a tool to enhance the existing capabilities of trained firefighters. Users should not rely on the TIC as their sole means of navigation or deviate from standard firefighting navigational practices. Users should train with TICs in controlled environments, such as flashover simulators, fire training buildings, outdoors, inside structures and utilize on incidents so knowledge is gained regarding how to properly interpret the TIC display. Advantages:         Allows the user to receive an image in smoky dark environments. May be used to interpret temperature conditions. May assist in detecting fire burning overhead, which may be obscured by dense smoke in pre-flashover conditions. Allows the user to track and monitor personnel in long hallways and in large, open areas. May be used to assist in interpreting construction type. Assists in checking for fire extension. May allow the user to detect product level in liquid containers and pressurized liquified petroleum gas (LPG) tanks. May assist in detecting products on the surface of water. Disadvantages:      Does not transmit through glass. The user’s image will be reflected. May reflect off smooth surfaces. Not able to view objects through dense material such as carpets, blankets, mattresses, etc. In extremely dense smoke, visibility may be obscured to the point where the TIC screen itself cannot be clearly seen, which will render the TIC ineffective. Will not define a hole in the floor, image may not show as a darkened area. GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 4   Will not transmit through water. Image may be affected by two-way radios, in that the image may be distorted. Operators should bear in mind that the TIC will only read the temperature of the surface at which it is aimed. For example, if fire is behind a wall such that the surface temperature of the wall is heated to greater temperatures than the surrounding area from behind, then only the heated area of the drywall itself will be displayed on the TIC. Remember, it can only read the surface temperature of objects. Also remember that the TIC is not “night vision,” and the user must never become solely dependant on the unit as a navigational guide. The Bullard NXT is the only TIC currently in use by the D.C. Fire and EMS Department that is intrinsically safe. Do not use TICs in hazardous atmospheres where static electricity or sparks may cause an explosion. Do not aim the TIC directly at the sun, as severe damage to the unit may result from this action. 6. Daily Check Procedures Members assigned to carry a TIC are responsible for the following:       Check the unit for signs of damage Change battery and check LED display for same Verify Operation 1. Turn on and check self-test feature 2. Check for proper LED function and display 3. Point at an object to check for proper function (look for object on screen) Check Stand-By Mode operation Turn Camera off and position for readiness Anti-Fog material maybe used on the lens to prevent fogging 7. General Operating Guidelines Often the operation of the TIC will be dictated by the environment.    Check for proper operation prior to entering a high temperature or hazard area. Scan the area, note layout, and then move forward utilizing firefighting navigational skills Periodically scan 360 degrees above and below looking for: o area layout o heat o fire o structural make up (if visible) o change in conditions GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 5 o accountability of members o search for victims o other means of egress Sensitivity Distance: The TIC will focus on an object from 3 feet to infinity. 8. Fireground Standard Operating Guidelines The use of the TIC should allow companies to more efficiently accomplish the strategic goals of rescue, ventilation, extinguishment, overhaul and rapid intervention. Proper use of the TIC should increase fire ground safety. The TIC will be utilized on all structure fire incidents. TIC operators must use good basic fire ground techniques when operating the camera, such as: staying in contact with a wall, hose line or tag line; staying low and feeling for holes in the floor and other obstructions; etc. Imagers do not “see” heat through any object. They only show heat that has been transferred to the surface. Users must keep in mind that the imager has no “peripheral vision” and scanning all sides at all levels of each area or room will be necessary. The camera shows the user a two-dimensional view, and firefighters may not be able to detect holes in floors and other three-dimensional objects. TIC operators should first scan the ceiling area and end the room scan on the floor. The TIC operator should use caution when standing and walking in low visibility conditions. It should be noted that when utilizing the TIC for search and rescue operations in an area with increased temperatures, the surface temperature of the victim could be lower then the ambient temperature of the room and thus the victim would appear darker in the image then the rest of the room. This would be the opposite what many firefighters might be used to while training with the TIC in areas of normal ambient temperatures. The Engine and Truck Company officers shall carry and operate their assigned TIC on all structure fire assignments. The principles of checking for extension and overhaul remain the same. While the camera can be utilized to detect areas that should be prioritized when opening concealed spaces, it should not be relied upon exclusively to check for extension. Although minimizing property damage is always a priority, concealed spaces, where extension is likely to have occurred, must still be opened to be inspected visually by the naked eye, even if the camera does not necessarily indicate a problem. The imager should not be used as a short cut for proper overhaul. Likewise, the imager should not be used exclusively to rule out any problem, such as light ballasts, electrical shorts, defective motors, etc. Likely sources of smoke, odors of smoke, etc. should still be investigated by all methods used in the past. The imager is merely an additional tool to be used during these types of incidents. All rescue squad A and B team members shall carry their assigned TIC on all structure fire assignments. All basic principles of search still must be adhered to (i.e., teams, "pattern", etc.). GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 6 Members must always keep in mind that the camera can’t see through objects and members must physically search under beds, in closets, behind doors, etc. Caution must be exercised when operating without a hose line. Operators must not rely totally on the camera and always remain oriented. The second due Battalion Fire Chief and the Safety Officer shall carry and operate their assigned TIC on all structure fire incidents. Engine and Truck Companies, EXCEPT for the Engine and Truck OIC, will have a Seek Reveal Fire PRO TIC assigned to every position. Users must be familiar with the limitations and conditions, such as thermal inversion, thermal saturation, thermal contrast, and the reflective properties of glass, water, and some steam conditions. 9. Cleaning    Housing- Clean and disinfect with a mild soap or detergent. Lens (all units other than the SEEK TIC)- Wipe the lens with a soft cloth. Lens (SEEK TIC)- The recommended cleaning material for the lens is a cotton swab and isopropyl alcohol. 1. 2. 3. Apply small amount of isopropyl to the cotton swab. Use the cotton swab to lightly rub the reflective inner lens of the camera until clean. Lightly pat and dry the lens with a clean cloth and let air dry. NOTE: Do not use window cleaners, harsh chemicals, or cleaning solvents and never spray anything directly on the screen of the device. 10. Repairs All defective thermal imaging cameras shall be placed out of service, tagged with a detailed description of repairs needed, sent to the Mask Room and a journal entry made with particulars. GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 7 Appendix A MSA 5200 Thermal Imaging Camera Specifications     Weight: Power Source: Operating Time: Intrinsically Safe: 2.8 pounds Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries 2 hours at nominal 72° F No Turning camera ON & OFF 1. To turn on, press the POWER button on the handle and hold for approximately 1 second. 2. Wait for approximately 5 seconds for the Infrared sensor’s electronics to self-test. 3. The green POWER LED lights. 4. After several seconds, the thermal image appears on the screen. 5. Verify proper function by aiming at an object and viewing the image. Standby Mode 1. To conserve battery consumption, utilize the Stand-by mode. 2. To activate stand-by mode, press the POWER button until the display shuts OFF. 3. The system status LED begins to FLASH GREEN. 4. To return to normal mode, press the POWER Button. The screen will return and the LED turns to SOLID GREEN. Turning Camera OFF 1. To turn the camera OFF, press and hold the POWER button for 4 seconds. 2. The button must be held down for the above time as a safety feature, so the unit is not inadvertently turned off. 3. The GREEN status LED will flash during power down. On Screen Indicators Various indicators will be displayed on the screen during operation of the TIC:  L – Appears in the lower left corner. This informs the user that the unit is in the low sensitivity mode, which occurs when environmental temperatures are above 320°F. GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 8  Shutter indicator - The green square appears in the upper left corner when the internal shutter operates to refresh the focal point. This can occur more frequently in higher temperatures. During this time, the image will temporarily freeze for about a second.  Optional Quick Temp Indicator- On screen operating Quick Temp spotter and vertical bar gauge spans temperatures from 0°F to 300°F in high sensitivity mode and 0° to 1000°F in low sensitivity mode. The digital temperature feature displays the approximate temperature value.  Over Temp Indicator- Activates when the system electronics reach maximum operating limits. This light is in the lower left corner. The light is not lit when the TIC’s operation is normal. The light flashes when the TIC has reached operational thermal limits.  System Status Indicator- A single LED located in the middle of the casing below the screen. When the indicator light is on, the TIC is fully operational. If the indicator light is flashing, then the unit is in stand-by mode.  Battery status- The battery status indicator is in the lower right corner and consists of three LED’s in a row. GREEN– indicates full battery power YELLOW- indicates marginal power left RED- indicated 15 minutes of battery power left Red Flashing- indicates battery power shut down, about one minute of power left. Additional Indicators  The optional Heat Seeker Plus adds colors to an object as temperatures rise.  Low sensitivity Mode: 275 °F 297 °F YELLOW RED  High Sensitivity Mode: 842 °F 914 °F YELLOW RED GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 9 Appendix B Scott ISG X380 Thermal Imaging Camera Specifications     Weight : Power Source: Operating Time: Intrinsically Safe: 2.5 pounds Lithium battery pack 4 hours No Turning Camera ON 1. 2. 3. 4. Press the GREEN Power button for a second and release. The LED on the GREEN Power button will light to indicate the unit is ON. The camera powers on in TIBasic Mode. When the 3M logo start-up screen displays, it signifies that the start-up sequence has been initiated. Prior to use, observe or check for the following indicators on the screen: Overheat warning, battery charge state, color reference bar, Direct Temperature Measurement (DTM) readout, DTM crosshair, and battery indicator showing fully charged. The overheat warning icon should briefly appear on startup, in the middle section of the LCD. If it does not appear, DO NOT use the camera. Turning Camera OFF 1. Press and hold the GREEN Power Off icon appears, counts down from 3 to 0 and the LCD turns BLACK, indicating power is OFF. Note: The power off sequence aborts if the GREEN power button (CENTER) is released prior to the camera powering off. On-Screen Display 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mode-This is the indicator H for High Sensitivity Mode DTM Crosshair Battery Status Bar DTM readout Color Reference Bar GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 10 Power Source Indicators DTM Crosshair Battery 100% Battery 75% Battery 50% Battery 25% Battery 6 hours (with or without DVR operations) Yes Turning Camera On 1. 2. 3. 4. To turn on, depress the GREEN power button located on the top of the unit The screen will display the Bullard NXT logo and the GREEN power button will illuminate. A thermal image will appear within a few seconds (< 4 seconds). After a few seconds, the images appearing on the screen will consist of black, white & gray elements. GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 16 Turning Camera Off 1. To turn the Camera OFF, depress and hold the power button until the “RED” power icon located in the top left of the display illuminates and then changes from “RED” to “GREEN”. 2. When the icon changes from “RED” to “GREEN”, release and the unit will power off. 3. Camera is to be cradled in charger when not in use. On- Screen Indicators TI BASIC Mode Overview The Bullard NXT always powers up in TI BASIC Mode. This is a simplified mode intended to provide easy operation as well as standardization of thermal imaging features and user interface functions as follows.  Heat Color Reference Bar- Indicates scene temperature (see Super Red-Hot Colorization).  Sensitivity (Gain) Modes- The imager automatically switches between low and high sensitivity (gain) modes based on ambient scene temperatures in order to protect the thermal sensor from overload in high-temperature situations. The low sensitivity mode activates in high heat situations and deactivates as ambient heat decreases (i.e. lower temperatures). The low sensitivity mode indicator consists of a green triangle located in the upper left of the viewing area.  Overheat Indicator- A visual warning flashes which indicates to the user that the thermal imager might cease to operate due to internal overheating, as mandated by NFPA 1801 standard. The imager’s internal electronics remain functionally useful within the range of -20° to 85° C. Power Source Indicator (Battery Status Indicator) GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 17       Four GREEN segments displayed (76-100% charge) Three GREEN segments displayed (51-75% charge) Two YELLOW segments displayed (26-50% charge) One RED segment displayed (0-25% charge) One RED segment flashing (at least 5 minutes of runtime remains) Estimated operation time on fully charged power source in available mode. FULL power (green) 75% power (green) 50% power (yellow) 25% power (red) Will begin to flash when at least 5 minutes of available power source remains (red) 4.5 ->6 hours 3.0 - 4.5 hours 1.5 - 3.0 hours 1.5 hours >5 minutes Training- Can be viewed in Target Solutions at Target Solutions/File Center/ISTO/Bullard NXT. GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 18 APPENDIX D Seek Reveal FirePRO Thermal Imaging Camera Specifications:     Weight: Power Source: Operating Time: Intrinsically Safe: 0.7 ounces USB Cable Up to 3.5 hours thermal imaging No GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 19 Turning camera ON 1. 2. 3. To turn on device, press the CENTER button and hold until the screen lights up. For each of the setup screens, use the LEFT and RIGHT buttons to navigate and the CENTER button as the selector. For numerical fields, the LEFT button subtracts from the displayed value, while the RIGHT button adds to it, as the button function ribbon indicates. Turning Camera OFF 1. To turn the device off, press and hold down the CENTER button for 2 seconds until screen goes dark. NOTE: Ensure the Seek camera is in the FIRE operational mode before powering down. The Seek Thermal Imaging Camera defaults to the last operational mode when it is powered back on. It is important the SEEK TIC is ready for firefighting upon startup. On Screen Indicators:  Charging Battery For the best results, charge your Reveal FirePRO using the included USB cable. When the thermal camera is ‘OFF’, the Battery Charging screen will appear. The battery charge level will only appear when plugged in and the LEFT or RIGHT buttons are pressed. The battery life icon is located at the bottom RIGHT hand corner of the screen NOTE: Seek Reveal FirePRO will provide up to 4 hours of scanning time with a full charge.  Setting up Device You will be directed to a screen that asks you to set up some basic information, including language, and date & time formats. Using the RIGHT and LEFT buttons, scroll down and select the appropriate fields, using the CENTER button to select and continue, concluding with the “SETUP COMPLETE” screen. GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 20 NOTE: Members needing to change any of the information input in the initial setup, or settings afterwards, can always restore the device back to its factory settings by selecting “RESTORE” in the ‘ABOUT’ tab of the menu options. This option will reboot the device and ask you to input the same information as when it’s first turned on. To conduct a hard reset, press and hold the CENTER button for 30 seconds until the screen flashes on and off. This option can be useful for recalibrating the battery power settings if the device will not turn on.  Home Screen Once the initial setup is completed, the following screen will be displayed:  Temperature Color Bar 1. 2. 3. 4. Visually displays a temperature range up to 1022 degrees Fahrenheit The lower number in the temperature bar tells you at what temperature the image begins to be colorized Anything below the bottom temperature will appear BLACK or WHITE, with high dynamic range, and anything above it will begin to be colorized. Tells you which mode you are viewing the image through, and the numerical temperature located at the focal point of the reticle Operational Modes The Reveal FirePRO has three different modes that have been optimized for First Responders.  Fire – Displays an image in shades of BLACK and GRAY which turn bright ORANGE/RED when areas of extreme heat are present. This mode is specifically designed for location HOTSPOTS in fire during 360 size – ups and overhaul. GO-2021-57 ______________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Ops. Bulletin No. 7 Thermal Imaging Cameras Page 21  Survey – Is optimal for helping locate downed firefighters or victims during search and rescue. This mode has a monochromatic filter of different shades of BLUE which turn WHITE around warmer areas.  Auto – Also referred to as color-mode, this is the TIC’s demonstration mode and is bestsuited for classroom use. It highlights areas of heat in RED with colorful borders as the temperature decreases. It is present simply to demo thermal imaging to third party observers and is seldom used in the field. NOTE: To cycle through the different filters, press the LEFT button until you find the desired filter. Menu To access the menu, simultaneously press both the LEFT and RIGHT button and hold for at least one second. You will then be directed to the following screen: Maintenance The Reveal FirePRO is waterproof, drop proof, shockproof…but only if the rubber back door (battery cover/plug) is fully closed after charging. If the rubber back door is not properly closed, the charging port remains exposed to the elements, removing the waterproof quality and potentially resulting in failure of the unit. Training Can be viewed in Target Solutions at Target Solutions/File Center/ISTO/SEEK. GO-2021-57 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 9 June 2008 (New) The following Fire Marshal's Directive is issued for procedures to be followed in the event of a Fire Watch implementation after normal business hours. Definition: A fire watch is a short-term, emergency measure to provide an acceptable level of life safety in an unsafe or hazardous condition(s) existing in a building(s) or structure(s). A fire watch is a compensatory measure only. It is intended to allow continued occupancy of a building or facility that may not be safe to be occupied during the time period required for implementing appropriate changes or repairs. The purpose of the fire watch is to check ALL areas of the building on a regular basis to detect fire /life safety emergencies and providing prompt notification to 911 along with the building occupants of the appropriate actions to be taken. Required: A fire watch is required to be implemented immediately when certain conditions are discovered, either by the facility manager or by the Fire Marshal. Examples of when a fire watch will be required by the DC Fire and EMS Department, Office of the Fire Marshal include, but are not limited to: System outages for maintenance (four hours or longer), significant impairment of, or out of service alarm system. Outages for maintenance (four hours or longer) ,significant impairment of, or out of service for suppression system. Blocked or locked means of egress and/or exit. When hazardous or dangerous condition cerate’s an immediate life safety hazard.(This condition shall require notification to 911). Different occupancies have different levels or risks which are determined by the relative vulnerability of the occupants. It is not appropriate to treat all occupancies the same, therefore each situation shall be evaluated individually and the above examples are not proscriptive. Outages for maintenance shall be reviewed for the length of time involved to perform the work. GO-2008-14 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 9 Page 2 Procedures: The fire watch, whether ordered by the Fire Marshal, or requested by the building representative, shall be contained in a detailed written plan. Upon the completion of the written plan, the building contact/responsible party shall submit the plan for approval to the Fire Marshal representative on the scene. After normal business hours, the on-duty fire investigations unit platoon commander is the designated Fire Marshal representative. The Fire Marshal representative will be responsible for strict adherence to Fire Marshal's Administrative Directive 05-07(Revised) - Fire Watch Guidelines dated October 24, 2007. The Fire Marshal's representative will notify the Fire Marshal and or Assistant Fire Marshal and Operations Deputy Fire Chief All relative information such as address, number of residents, construction type, nature of problem and anticipated duration will be included in notification. A journal entry shall be recorded at FIU and a special report detailing all relevant information shall be submitted to the Fire Marshal within 24 hours. If a fire watch cannot be implemented within one hour (60 minutes) or the problem mitigated, it will be the responsibility of the Fire Marshal's Office representative to remain on the scene and institute a call back for Fire Prevention personnel to institute a fire watch. Cancellation of Fire Watch: It is the owner's responsibility to request the "fire watch" be discontinued once the fire protection system has been fully restored or the hazardous situation has been abated. If the owner has received a "Notice of Violation", a re-inspection must be requested through the Office of the Fire Marshal. The fire watch shall "not" be discontinued until the fire department provides written authorization to stop or discontinue it. Random checks may be made by Fire Marshal personnel to ensure all of the above provisions are being complied with. The Fire Marshal’s representative will notify the Operations Deputy Fire Chief when fire watch as been discontinued. Note: The DC Fire and EMS Department, Office of the Fire Marshal recognizes NFPA 25, Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, and does not consider the testing and maintenance of fire protection system’s to be an "outage" if the system is restored within four (4) hours GO-2008-14 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 10 September, 2009 (New) CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL EMERGENCIES Emergencies involving electrical utility service shall be classified according to the degree of hazard. Priority One: Life Threatening Priority One incidents would include anything considered life threatening, including: Any vehicle accident in which a rescue cannot be safely initiated because of downed power line; Any electrical problem that has a potential to be life threatening; Any structure fire that has an electrical problem that prohibits a rescue or fire suppression and cannot be controlled by shutting off the structure’s main electrical switch to interrupt electric service. Considerations include: (1) Type of structure or situation i.e., residential structure, apartment building, commercial warehouse, field fire, etc. (2) Electric meter accessibility (3) Type of electrical equipment involved (poles, transformers, etc.). Manhole and substation emergencies require extreme caution. Arriving units should establish a safe perimeter for first responders and the public. Avoid entry into manholes and substations until an authorized representative is on-scene. Electrical equipment involved in fires is usually damaged beyond repair and will need to be replaced. Let it burn. Protect exposures and wait for authorized personnel to assist you. Under extreme emergencies when life threatening conditions exist, a fog pattern is recommended when fire suppression activities are in the vicinity of electrical equipment. Priority Two: Prohibits Resolution and Could Escalate If Not Controlled Priority Two incidents include: Any electrical problem in a structure that prohibits “fire overhaul” because the main electrical switch cannot be controlled to interrupt power to that location. Any vehicle accident that has a downed power line or power pole, but does not hinder rescue or emergency care. GO-2009- 08 F/F Ops. Bulletin No. 10 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL EMERGENCIES Page 2 Priority Three: Investigations Priority Three incidents include: Power outages because of blown fuses, tripped transformer, tree limbs on wires or loose guy wire. Downed power lines that are not life threatening. Always assume downed lines are energized. Barricades should be placed in a position to protect first responders and the public from electrical contact. When companies of the Department respond to locations where electrical wires are down or arcing, the Office of Unified Communications shall be notified immediately of the condition found. If the wire is found already down upon arrival and no fire has resulted, or is likely to result, companies may report in service, provided a member of the Police Department is at the scene to warn persons of the danger. When a wire is arcing along its length or in the trees, there is a possibility that the wire may fall and ignite a building or other object. If such a condition exists, at least one (1) engine company shall remain at the scene until the arrival of a responsible repair crew. If the location of the wire is such that there is nothing around to ignite and there is a member of the Police Department at the scene to warn persons of the danger, all companies may report in service. General Information That Will Assist Pepco Operations Center Units investigating electrical emergencies are to be mindful of information that will assist Pepco: The 10 digit number assigned to the pole closest to the equipment involved or house meter number; Street address and development, including cross streets, intersections, roads or landmarks; Law enforcement assistance for response through traffic. Best route for vehicle to access the scene (any road blocks, traffic conditions); Established perimeter; Any necessary evacuations. GO-2009-08 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 11 March 2011 Water Supply Contingency Plan Utilizing LDH Relays DCFD Water Supply Engine Company Standard Operating Guidelines Scope The following procedures are guidelines for the Water Supply Engine (WSE) when the WSE is dispatched on a Box Alarm or the Water Supply Task Force. The WSEs are assigned to supply the fire ground with an ample supply of water from a location determined based on information available. This must be accomplished in a timely manner by following these guidelines. Definitions Water Supply Engine (WSE) - An engine with a supply of LDH hose staffed with a minimum of a Driver Water Supply Engine Company (WSEC) - a WSE in tandem with shared house Engine Company (E-54 & E-11) Water Supply Task Force – (3) Water Supply Engine Companies and a Battalion Fire Chief Water Supply Engines are assigned to each Battalion at the following locations:       Engine 51 - assigned to Engine 12 Engine 52 - assigned to Engine 3 Engine 53 - assigned to Engine 19 Engine 54 - assigned to Engine 11 Engine 55 - assigned to Engine 21 Engine 56 - assigned to Engine 16 (1st Battalion) (2nd Battalion) (3rd Battalion) (4th Battalion) (5th Battalion) (6th Battalion) Staffing Policy If extra personnel are available, the Water Supply Engines (WSE) may be staffed as driver only or fully staffed depending on the needs of the Department. Water Supply Engines (WSE) with no assigned staff will operate as a two-piece Engine Company in cooperation with the Engine Company in that station. Upon receipt of an alarm requesting a Water Supply Engine Company, the regular Engine Company assigned to that station will split their personnel and respond to the scene with their regularly assigned Engine and their Water Supply Engine as a two-piece Engine Company. For example, one firefighter and the officer will respond on the regularly assigned apparatus (i.e., Engine 3) and the remaining two firefighters will respond on the Water Supply Engine (i.e., Engine 52). The two Engines will respond in tandem and retain their original radio designation (i.e. Engine 3 and Engine 52). Incident Commanders will utilize Water Supply Engine Company or Companies to enhance water supply. GO-2011-01 Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 11 Page 2 In the event that the Water Supply Engine is partially or fully staffed, the Water Supply Engine will respond to the scene as the Water Supply Engine. When receiving an alarm and while responding, the Water Supply Engines will advise the Incident Commander requesting the Water Supply Engine Company of their staffing level, such as driver only or fully staffed. The Water Supply Engine Companies will be staffed at the discretion of the Operations- Deputy Fire Chief. Dispatch Policy and Response Configuration The following dispatch policy and response configuration is written for the WSE being staffed with a Driver or fully staffed. When the unit is not staffed and dispatched, as stated above, the in house Engine Company or the Engine Company designated will split the Company members and respond as a Water Supply Engine Company. Dispatch Policy Battalion Water Supply Engine (WSE) when staffed and in service will be dispatched as follows:  on all Box Alarms in their specific geographical Battalion;  pre-planned locations; and  areas with a known low water supply. When the closest Battalion WSE is not available, the next closest WSE or WSEC will be dispatched. Response Configuration When the Battalion WSE (staffed and in service) is dispatched the following procedures will define the initial response: If the Engine Company housed in the same quarters as a staffed WSE (Engine 21 with WSE 55) is dispatched on the original Box Alarm assignment, there will be no operational changes for that Engine Company and they will assume their normal SOG responsibilities. The WSE will act as a single resource until the Incident Commander assigns resources to assist them. In Areas noted to have low water pressure and/or preplanned: When the Engine Company is NOT assigned to the original Box Alarm, that Engine Company will respond with the WSE and serve as two piece Water Supply Engine Company (WSEC) responsible for the incident’s water supply. (As currently affecting the 3rd & 5th) Areas with no known water pressure problems: The Engine will not respond with the WSE. For example, a box Alarm is dispatched in the 4th Battalion and E-11 is not assigned to the Box, there is no known Water Supply problem in the area, no pre-planned locations, E-54 WSE (staffed) will respond alone on the initial Box assignment. The above will have to be known by OUC and BFC can request changes on the dispatch. GO-2011-01 Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 11 Page 3 Water Supply Task Force Dispatch The Water Supply Task Force will be dispatched on all 2nd Alarm incidents or when specifically requested by the Incident Command. This Task Force will be made up of the three closest Water Supply Engines and a BFC.  WSE will verbally acknowledge to the Task Force Leader (Note – this is always dispatched as Task Force initially – the IC may designate a Logistics Section Chief later if required or desired under the ICS).  Radio channel 0A-13 will be the designated channel for the Task Force to operate. The Task Force Leader will communicate with Operations on the Fire Ground Tactical Channel (or the Logistic Chief will communicate with the Incident Commander) to assure the needs of the incident are completed when it concerns Water Supply. The WS Task Force operational channel shall be a different channel, not in the specific Talk Group of the fire ground operational Tactical channel.  The Task Force Leader (or Logistic Section Chief) will direct the staging, positioning and the operations of the apparatus. The following outlines the actions taken by the WSE, WSEC, or the Task Force Leader, depending on the dispatch in establishing a Water Supply on an incident. Responding Respond on the Box Alarm: Status I-mobile and acknowledge to the IC on the Tactical channel that the WSE or WSEC is Responding;     WSE Driver; “Water Supply Engine 54 to Battalion 4, responding with one person ” (or driver only) The Engine OIC; “Engine 11 to Battalion 4 responding with Water Supply Engine 54 as the Water Supply Company” Water Supply Task Force Companies will acknowledge the Task Force Leader (BFC) on 0A-13. Any WSE on the initial assignment will stay alert for the WS Task force being assigned and then operate on 0A-13. GO-2011-01 Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 11 Page 4 When arriving on Scene Status I-mobile (arrived) and stage 2 blocks away to allow access to the 3rd and 4th due Engine Company’s position, or the Engines on the outskirt of the incident. Doing so will allow greater flexibility to supply the incident while at the same time not becoming trapped within the incident. While in staging the following should accomplished:  Identify a water source ideally greater than 1,500 gpm in the area. This can be accomplished in several ways: Initially by contacting the Fire Liaison Officer on Channel C-16 and requesting assistance in locating a high flow hydrant connection or by utilizing the Google Earth on the MDC.  In identifying a water source, obtain the closest high flow hydrant connection (check available flow rates on hydrants, select those greater than 1,000 gpm, yellow or blue marked hydrant) and note the distance, ideally within 1,000 feet or roughly 2 city blocks but not more than the hose bed capacity (1,500ft.). When the Incident is declared a Working Fire by the IC.          The WSE, WSEC or WS Task Force will move to the position of the 3rd or 4th due Engine (or closest Engine on the outer perimeter of the incident) and position to reverse lay from the fireground to the selected water supply that was pre-selected while in staging. Whenever a reverse layout is not practicable due to incident geography, a Hydrant to Fire layout will be utilized, consider placement of apparatus. Proceed in laying out LDH to the selected water source. Whenever laying out LDH, proceed slowly and stay to the side of the roadway as much as possible so to not obstruct future access to the fire ground. Remember, the WSE LDH hose bed is configured to allow the most efficient layout. When operating as a WSEC, the wagon will stay with the WSE to assist with the layout and complete the relay or heavy hook up. If the WSE is operating with Driver only, be aware that 1,000 feet will cover a distance of approximately 2 city blocks. This may not apply consistently in all of the areas of the city so the WSE Driver may need to request assistance, if available. The WSE, WSEC or WS Task Force will converse with the Officer or Driver of the Wagon being supplied and note the desired flow for the fire ground. If the layout of 5” LDH is over 1,500 ft.: The WSE will request an additional (WSE, WSEC) to assist in completing the layout. The (1,500 ft. for 5”) distance is ideal for pump capacity but if the distance is greater than 1,500 ft, complete the layout with a relay of additional WSE, WSEC or the WS Task Force to build on the existing configuration. Engines with 3” hose should only be used for completing layouts of a short distance, this will impact the amount of water that can be delivered. Utilizing 5” LDH allows a minimal flow of 1000 GPM’s depending on the source. Flow can be adjusted up or down as required. Note: all layout configurations will be calculated as to the size of hose, distance and GPM needed. GO-2011-01 Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 11 Page 5 Hook up to Hydrant     Before hooking up to the hydrant, open the hydrant to quickly flush air and debris. This will also confirm proper operation of the hydrant. When positioning apparatus, utilize the right side Steamer intake with LDH connected to the steamer connection on the hydrant, and the front and rear intakes of the apparatus connected to the 2-1/2 ” hydrant connections, utilizing in-line gate valves and LDH. This type of initial hook up, called a “Heavy Hook Up”, will allow the full potential of the hydrant to be used by allowing a direct path for the water to enter the pump on right side steamer connection. After connecting to the hydrant, as noted above, complete the connection of the LDH to the LDH Discharge on the Right side pump panel. Avoid connecting any LDH to the pump panel (left side) for safety concerns. Open the hydrant and note the Static pressure. You will use this once you have determined the flow in the LDH in calculating the hydrant capacity. Supplying Water through LDH       Assure all hoses, intakes and discharges are connected and secured. Operate the Electronic Fire Commander (or similar device) in the Pressure mode which provides cavitation protection for the pump. Set the transfer valve (two stage pumps) in the “VOLUME” position Acknowledge to Operations that you are in position and prepared to supply water to the Incident through LDH. “E-54 (WS Task Force leader or Logistic Chief) to Operations water Supply is hooked up and waiting for orders”. This notification will be made by the Engine at the source (hydrant) and acknowledged by the Section Chief. When ordered, begin filling the LDH with Hydrant pressure only. Once your intake gauge returns to the original Static pressure, place the pumps in gear and supply the LDH at the proper pressure. At this point, if the layout is a very long distance or extreme grade, you may need to slowly apply additional pressure to completely fill the LDH. The operator of the “Portable Hydrant” should bleed air from the LDH prior to sending water from the portable hydrant (this is done by cracking one of the 2-1/2” openings). Hydrant capacity      After a constant flow on the fire ground is established (such as a ladder pipe or wagon pipe), the residual pressure on the intake gauge will be noted to calculate the hydrant capacity. Note the drop from the static pressure and calculate the percentage drop. Less than 10% you will have 3 times the current flow available at that hydrant 11% to 15% you will have 2 times the current flow available 16% to 25% you will have 1 times the current flow available Greater than 25% an amount less than the current flow is available GO-2011-01 Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 11 Page 6 Continuing Operations The WSE Driver will remain at the pump panel, monitor the pumps and observe the following for changes and make corrections if needed.  Intake pressure- Maintain no less than 20 psi. (anything less than 20 psi may cause damage to the water mains)  Discharge pressure- Calculate to allow 20 psi at the portable hydrant, plus friction loss and elevation differences. If relaying water, figure 20 psi at the next pump the WS relay.  Maintain Flow- Ensure a constant flow is maintained in the relay to prevent pump damage and the overheating of the pumps in the relay. Considerations Whenever establishing a water supply relay, the pump operators and responsible Officers need to consider the potential expansion of the operation due to increase in demand for water on the fireground and the time period of the operation.  Consider adding additional lines to the relay to fully utilize the available water at the source.  Monitor the mechanical operations of the apparatus, fuel, engine temperature, water discharge in relation to freezing temperatures, and safely operating in the roadways. GO-2011-01 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT _____________________________________________________________________________________ Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 12 June 2016__ 11th Street Bridge Standpipe System Section 1 – Overview In 2013, the DC Department of Transportation commissioned the 11th Street Bridge Project (Interstate I-695). The construction project replaced 4 bridge spans with 6 bridge spans, improving accessibility to the Southeast/Southwest Freeway, Interstate I-295, DC-295, Interstate I-395 and local access to Capitol Hill and Anacostia neighborhoods. Incorporated in the design, contractors used NFPA 502, standards for Road Tunnels, Bridges and other Limited Access Highways. This bulletin will be used in conjunction with Safety Operations Bulletin No. 1, Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 1 and No. 2, and the Haz-Mat Operations Bulletins. Section 2 – General Information Phase I and Phase II of the 11th Street Bridge included a 6” dry standpipe system on all 6 bridge spans. The design is intended to improve fire suppression capability by providing additional water for firefighting on the elevated bridges of the freeway system. Page 1 of 12 Bridge/Standpipe Designations S2 - “S-1”, is the bridge possessing the local lanes for Capitol Hill/Anacostia from N Street, SE to Good Hope Road, SE. S3 - “S-2”, is the bridge possessing lanes from the NB SE/SW Freeway to NB/SB I-295. S1 - “S-3”, is the bridge possessing lanes from SB DC-295 and NB I-295 to SE/SW Freeway. - “S-4”, is the bridge possessing lanes (south bound DC295) from Pennsylvania Ave. to south bound I-295. S4 S18 Bridge/Standpipe Designations - “S-18”, is the elevated roadway area possessing the Inbound lanes of I-695 directly over 11th Street between Potomac Ave and K Street SE. S20 - “S-20”, is the elevated roadway possessing Outbound lanes of I-695 directly over 11th Street between Potomac Ave and K Street SE. Page 2 of 12 Supply Connection Description At each supply connection a sign will be posted at the connection identifying the bridge/overpass section (S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4, S-18, S-20) supplied. On each standpipe discharge bib a sign will be posted S1-1, S1-2, S1-3 etc., S2-1, S2-2, S2-3 etc., S3-1, S3-2, S3-3 etc., S4-1, S4-2, S4-3 etc., S18-1, S18-2 or S18-3 etc. and S20-1, S20-2 or S20-3 etc. An example of the “S1”-4 Supply Connection Engine Companies will coordinate, via radio, with the Fire Boat or the secondary Engine Company, that they are connected to (for example) Standpipe “S2”-1 and to charge the standpipe system for bridge span “S-2”. The Fire Boat will in turn charge the standpipe for the S-2 standpipe connection. Each Engine Company receiving a water supply will hook up two (2) three-inch (3”) supply lines to the intake side and open each standpipe valve fully. Note: wagon drivers shall ensure bleeder valves at their pumps will have to be opened until sustainable water has been established and all air has been exhausted. Section 3 – Fire Boat ONLY Supply S-1 bridge span has 1 (one) 5” storz connection supplying 4 (four) standpipe connections; S1-1, S1-2, S1-3 and S1-4. Each standpipe connection is approximately 250’ (twohundred and fifty feet) apart. The standpipe piping is 37’ high (vertically) and 915’ long (horizontally). S-2 bridge span has 1 (one) 5” storz connection supplying 6 (six) standpipe connections; S2-1, S2-2, S2-3, S2-4, S2-5, S2-6. Each standpipe connection is approximately 250’ (two- hundred and fifty feet) apart. The standpipe piping is 44’ high (vertically) and 1727’ long (horizontally). S-3 bridge span has 1 (one) 5” storz connection supplying 3 (three) standpipe connections; S 3-1, S 3-2, S 3-3. Each standpipe connection is approximately 250’ (two-hundred and fifty feet) apart. The standpipe piping is 37’ high (vertically) and 853’ long (horizontally). S-1, S-2 and S-3 bridge storz connections are located in the main channel of the Anacostia River at the fender system and are clearly identified S-1, S-2 and S-3. Page 3 of 12 The Fire Boat will charge the necessary standpipe system at 60 psi until the standpipe is full and pump gauges stabilize. Engine Companies can request additional pressure for a maximum of 150 psi. S2 S3 S1 5 5 5 Overview of area served by Fire Boat accessible Supply Connections 5 = 5” Storz Connection at river level (for Fire Boat) for “S1”, “S2” and “S3” Page 4 of 12 Manual Drain at Connection 5” Storz Connection Example of the S-1, 5” Fire Department Connection Manual Drain at Connection 5” Storz Connection Example of the S-2, 5” Fire Department Connection Page 5 of 12 Section 4 – Engine Company ONLY Supply The “S-4” bridge span has one (1) Siamese with two (2) 2-1/2” (NST) connections. This is responsible for supplying five (5) standpipe connections; S4-1, S4-2, S4-3, S4-4, S4-5. Each standpipe connection is approximately two-hundred and fifty feet (250’) apart. The standpipe piping is 48’ high (vertically) and 1360’ long (horizontally). The “S-4” bridge Siamese connection is located at the entrance to Anacostia Park, on Good Hope Road SE, across from the driveway to the United States Park Police Hanger (Eagles Nest). An Engine Company will have to reverse lay dual three-inch (3”) lines from the Siamese to the hydrant, approximately 550’ away. The Engine will perform a heavy hook-up to the hydrant and charge the standpipe at hydrant pressure, until filled and pump gauges stabilize. Maximum pump discharge pressure for the system will be 150 psi. Manual Drain at Connection FD Two 2-1/2” NST Example of the S-4 Fire Department Connection Page 6 of 12 Manual Drain at Connection Manual Drain at Connection FD Two 2-1/2” NST FD Two 2-1/2” NST Example of the S-18 and the S-20 Fire Department Connection S-18 bridge span has 1 (one) Siamese with 2 (two) 2-1/2” NST connections supplying 3 (three) standpipe connections; S18-1, S18-2 and S18-3. Each standpipe connection is approximately 250’ (two-hundred and fifty feet) apart. The standpipe piping is 24’ high (vertically) and 675’ long (horizontally). S-20 bridge span has 1 (one) Siamese with 2 (two) 2-1/2” NST connections supplying 3 (three) standpipe connections; S20-1, S20-2 and S20-3. Each standpipe connection is approximately 250’ (two-hundred and fifty feet) apart. The standpipe piping is 24’ high (vertically) and 655’ long (horizontally). The S-18 and S-20 bridge Siamese connections are directly under the I-695 span between Potomac Ave and K Street SE. An Engine Company will have to reverse lay dual lines from the Siamese to the hydrant, approximately 270’ away at K Street and 11th Street SE. The Engine will perform a heavy hook up to the hydrant and charge the standpipe at hydrant pressure, until filled and pump gauges stabilize. Maximum pump pressure will be 150 psi. Page 7 of 12 Section 5 – Draining The System Due to weather conditions in the District of Columbia each standpipe system is designed as a dry system. If any standpipe is charged, the Command Official will notify the District Department of Transportation, DDOT, through HSEMA, to respond to drain the charged standpipe system. DDOT personnel will have to manually drain the charged standpipe system. Each standpipe has minimum 2 (two) manual OS & Y drain valves that are identified to correspond with each bridge span along with 1 (1) manual quarter turn drain valve at the supply connection. The S-2 span has 3 (three) manual drains OS & Y drain valves and 1 (1) manual quarter turn drain valve at the supply connection. Bridge Span S-1 drains are labeled; S-1 Fire Department Drain 1 of 2 and S-1 Fire Department Drain 2 of 2. Bridge Span S-1 Drain 1 of 2 is located on the Capitol Hill side of the Anacostia River under the bridge while Drain 2 of 2 is located on the Anacostia Park side of the river under the bridge. Bridge Span S-2 drains are labeled; S-2 Fire Department Drain 1 of 3, S-2 Fire Department Drain 2 of 3 and S-2 Fire Department Drain 3 of 3. Bridge Span S-2 Drain 1 of 3 is located on the Capitol Hill side of the Anacostia River under the bridge, Drain 2 of 3 is located on the Anacostia Park side of the river under the bridge while Drain 3 of 3 is located under the S-2 span near DC -295 off ramp. Bridge Span S-3 drains are labeled; S-3 Fire Department Drain 1 of 2 and S-3 Fire Department Drain 2 of 2. Bridge Span S-3 Drain 1 of 2 is located on the Capitol Hill side of the Anacostia River under the bridge while Drain 2 of 2 is located on the Anacostia Park side of the river under the bridge. Bridge Span S-4 drains are labeled; S-4 Fire Department Drain 1 of 2 and S-4 Fire Department Drain 2 of 2. Bridge span S-4 Drain 1 of 2 is under the S-4 on ramp to SB I-295 and Drain 2 of 2 is located at the entrance to Anacostia Park, on Good Hope Rd across next to the driveway to the Eagles Nest. Bridge Span S-18 drains are labeled; S-18 Fire Department Drain 1 of 2 and S-18 Fire Department Drain 2 of 2. Bridge span S-18 Drain 1 of 2 is located above the FD Standpipe connection while Drain 2 of 2 is located under the bridge span on M Street between 11th and 12th Street. Bridge Span S-20 drains are labeled; S-20 Fire Department Drain 1 of 2 and S-20 Fire Department Drain 2 of 2. Bridge span S-20 Drain 1 of 2 is located above the FD Standpipe connection while Drain 2 of 2 is located under the bridge span on M Street between 11th and 12th Street. Page 8 of 12 Because of the complexity of the standpipe systems, DDOT personnel will have to open all associated drains with a charged standpipe. Due to cold weather conditions all water must be exhausted using all accompanying drains to eliminate damage to the standpipes. Example of OS&Y Drain Valves/Labels Section 6 – State of Readiness At the conclusion of each operation personnel must return the standpipe system to a state of readiness. When companies are breaking down, personnel must slowly lower the pressure in the effected standpipe, disconnect their hoses, shut off standpipe valves completely and replace all caps. During the draining process it will be necessary to open all drains to the associated charged standpipe as to ensure all water is exhausted and close each drain valve fully. Section 7 – Damage to System During training, testing or operating during an emergency, if personnel identify damage or missing component parts to a standpipe(s) they are to notify HSEMA to notify DDOT to respond as to repair the system Page 9 of 12 Section 8 – Maintenance of Dry Standpipe System and Annual Testing DDOT will maintain the standpipe systems, pipe, valves and fittings shall be inspected, tested and maintained per NFPA 25: Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems. *** Consideration should be made to modify the alarm assignment to the 11th Street Bridge to add a Fire Boat(s) and BFC on an alarm assignment for a major crash, fire or Haz-Mat incident.*** *** BFC and Fire Boat should consider coordinating with DDOT to ensure that the system is completely drained directly at the river connections for Bridge Span S-1, S-2 and S-3 and returned to a state of readiness*** Page 10 of 12 Map – Engine Co. Standpipe Supply Connections, Outlets and Drains (S1, 2, 3 and 4) D S3-1 S2-1 D S1-1 S3-2 S2-2 S1-2 S3-3 S2-3 S1-3 D S2-4 D S1-4 S4-1 S2-5 D S2-6 S4-3 S4-4 D c S4-5 c = 2-1/2” Engine Co. Supply Connection for “S4” only D = System Drain Locations S1-1 = Fire Department (Standpipe) Connection Page 11 of 12 S4-2 Map – Engine Co. Standpipe Supply Connections, Outlets and Drains (S18 and 20) D c S18-1 c D S20-1 S18-2 S20-2 S18-3 S20-3 D D c = 2-1/2” Engine Co. Supply Connection D = System Drain Locations S20-1 = Fire Department (Standpipe) Connection Page 12 of 12 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 13 April 2018 White House Complex Response Plan The District of Columbia Fire and EMS Department, in conjunction wit

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