Fats Outline PDF

Summary

This document is an outline about fats, also known as fatty acids or lipids. It covers different types of lipids, their classifications, food sources, and functions in the body. It also discusses fat deficiencies and their effects.

Full Transcript

FATS -Also known as "**Fatty acids**" or "**Lipids"** **[FATS:]** a word used about the description of class of macro nutrients used in metabolism called TRIGLYCERIDES. Fat supply a means of storing energy for most Eukaryotes, as well as act as a food source. **LIPIDS** -large group of organic...

FATS -Also known as "**Fatty acids**" or "**Lipids"** **[FATS:]** a word used about the description of class of macro nutrients used in metabolism called TRIGLYCERIDES. Fat supply a means of storing energy for most Eukaryotes, as well as act as a food source. **LIPIDS** -large group of organic compounds which are **insoluble in water** but **soluble in alcohol**. -composed of substances such as Fats, oils, waxes that are greasy in nature. GLYCEROL \--Also called GLYCERINE -Is a clear, colorless, sweetish, viscous liquid obtained from hydrolysis of fats and oils. -it is known as the framework or the backbone of fats. **ADIPOSE TISSUE** -where dietary fats are stored. **[FOOD SOURCES OF FATS]** - **PLANTS** - Cooking oil from sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, corn, peanuts, olives. - **ANIMALS** -Fatty meats, lard, cheese, cream, whole milk, egg yolk **[CLASSIFICATIONS OF FATS:]** 1. **Lipids**- "neutral fats" or triglycerides. 2. **Compound Lipids-** combination of fats with other components a. **Phospholipids:** fatty acids + phosphoric acids + nitrogenous bases b. **Glycolipids:** fatty acids + CHO + nitrogenous bases c. **Lipoproteins:** lipids + CHON 3. **Derived Lipids** - it is a fat substance produced from fats and fat compounds during digestive breakdown. a. **Fatty acids** - Precursor of steroid hormones and Vitamin D. - The body produces 800- 1000mg of cholesterol a day in the LIVER. - It is thought to cause Heart diseases - -In the initial stages of absorption, bile joins with the products of fat digestion to carry fat. - Later, protein combines with the products of fat digestion to form special carriers called lipoproteins which carry fats to body cells by way of blood. - They are classified as: Chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins - Largest lipoproteins - Highest in weight - Composed of 80- 90% triglycerides - **Lipoprotein Lipase** - **Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL)** Carry triglycerides and other lipids to cells. They pick up cholesterol from other lipoproteins in the blood thus they become LDL's. - **Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)** - **High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)** - low HDL at 40 mg/ dl- major risk factor for heart disease. - 60 mg/ dl of HDL is protective against heart disease. - Known as the **["good cholesterol" ]** 1\. **Source of Calories; Concentrated Source of Energy.** - **Obesity** - **Coronary Heart Disease** - **Certain types of Cancer** **Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency (EFAD)** - Decreased resistance to infection due to inadequate prostaglandin - Inadequate growth rates or Intellectual disability - Eczema - S/SX of EFAD:

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