Fats Outline PDF

FATS -Also known as "**Fatty acids**" or "**Lipids"** **[FATS:]** a word used about the description of class of macro nutrients used in metabolism called TRIGLYCERIDES. Fat supply a means of storing energy for most Eukaryotes, as well as act as a food source. **LIPIDS** -large group of organic...

FATS -Also known as "**Fatty acids**" or "**Lipids"** **[FATS:]** a word used about the description of class of macro nutrients used in metabolism called TRIGLYCERIDES. Fat supply a means of storing energy for most Eukaryotes, as well as act as a food source. **LIPIDS** -large group of organic compounds which are **insoluble in water** but **soluble in alcohol**. -composed of substances such as Fats, oils, waxes that are greasy in nature. GLYCEROL \--Also called GLYCERINE -Is a clear, colorless, sweetish, viscous liquid obtained from hydrolysis of fats and oils. -it is known as the framework or the backbone of fats. **ADIPOSE TISSUE** -where dietary fats are stored. **[FOOD SOURCES OF FATS]** - **PLANTS** - Cooking oil from sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, corn, peanuts, olives. - **ANIMALS** -Fatty meats, lard, cheese, cream, whole milk, egg yolk **[CLASSIFICATIONS OF FATS:]** 1. **Lipids**- "neutral fats" or triglycerides. 2. **Compound Lipids-** combination of fats with other components a. **Phospholipids:** fatty acids + phosphoric acids + nitrogenous bases b. **Glycolipids:** fatty acids + CHO + nitrogenous bases c. **Lipoproteins:** lipids + CHON 3. **Derived Lipids** - it is a fat substance produced from fats and fat compounds during digestive breakdown. a. **Fatty acids** - Precursor of steroid hormones and Vitamin D. - The body produces 800- 1000mg of cholesterol a day in the LIVER. - It is thought to cause Heart diseases - -In the initial stages of absorption, bile joins with the products of fat digestion to carry fat. - Later, protein combines with the products of fat digestion to form special carriers called lipoproteins which carry fats to body cells by way of blood. - They are classified as: Chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins - Largest lipoproteins - Highest in weight - Composed of 80- 90% triglycerides - **Lipoprotein Lipase** - **Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL)** Carry triglycerides and other lipids to cells. They pick up cholesterol from other lipoproteins in the blood thus they become LDL's. - **Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)** - **High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)** - low HDL at 40 mg/ dl- major risk factor for heart disease. - 60 mg/ dl of HDL is protective against heart disease. - Known as the **["good cholesterol" ]** 1\. **Source of Calories; Concentrated Source of Energy.** - **Obesity** - **Coronary Heart Disease** - **Certain types of Cancer** **Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency (EFAD)** - Decreased resistance to infection due to inadequate prostaglandin - Inadequate growth rates or Intellectual disability - Eczema - S/SX of EFAD: