Farm Tools, Implements, and Equipment PDF
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Southern Luzon State University
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Summary
This document provides an introduction to farm tools, implements, and equipment, categorizing them into different types such as garden tools, carpentry tools, and cutting tools. It offers a detailed look at each category, describing various tools and their functions. This document covers different types of tools and their usage.
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Lesson 1: Farm Tools, Implement, and Equipment Introduction he work of an agriculturist consists of a set of tasks too complex and too straining for just two T hands. In this lesson, you will be acquainted with the different tools, implements, and equipment that can help you simplify an...
Lesson 1: Farm Tools, Implement, and Equipment Introduction he work of an agriculturist consists of a set of tasks too complex and too straining for just two T hands. In this lesson, you will be acquainted with the different tools, implements, and equipment that can help you simplify and speed up your work in the field. Let us first differentiate the three! Topic 1: Farm Tools arm tools vary in function and can be grouped into different categories. Let's take a look at F these tools and their categories! arden Tools G Carpentry Tools Cutting Tools Measuring Tools Hand Tools Storage Tools Garden Tools H and sprinkler- a tool resembling a pitcher, it is used to water crops and plots Shovel - a tool with a broad flat blade and a handle,itisusedfordigging,lifting,and moving bulk materials. It is usually used for land preparation and composting. Digging bar- a long, straight metal bar for breakingup hard soils Digging blade- a blade that resembles a knife, itis also used to loosen up hard soils Spading fork - a long, heavy, garden fork usually with four prongs, it is used for loosening and turning over hard, compact soil Rake - a long gardeningtoolthatresemblesaspadingforkbutislighterinweight. Its prongs are attached to the handletransversely. Likeabroomstick,itisusedtogather leaves, hay, grass, etc. Hoe-agardeningtoolwithalonghandleandathin,flatblade. Itisusedforloosening soil, shaping plots, weeding and building trenches for irrigation. Hole digger - also called an auger, it is used to dig cylindrical holes for planting seedlings of fruit or timber trees and for setting posts. Pickmattock-adiggingtoolwithalonghandleandaheadwhichisacombinationofa pointed metal and a transverse blade. Step-ladder- a self-supporting portable ladder usedfor reaching elevated structures Broomstick- a cleaning tool consisting of dried,stiff fibers attached to a handle Tool storage - could be achest,cabinet,shedorshelfwheretoolsareorganizedand stored for safekeeping. Seedlingbag/tray-designedtoholdmultipleseedsduringgerminationuntilsuchtime that the seeds are ready for transplantation Hand trowel - small garden tool resembling a spade, it is used for transplanting vegetables and removing weeds. Carpentry Tools C lamp - a brace or clasp used to hold things together while being repaired or constructed. Hammer -consistsofaheavymetalheadandahandle,itisusedtobeatanailintoa piece of wood. Tape measure - a flexible ruler made of metal strip that is used to make linear measurements Screwdriver - consists of a handle and a shaft that is turned to fasten and remove screws Carpentersquare-alsocalledsteelsquare,consistsoftwostraightsteelsattachedto each other to make an L-shape. Itisusedtomeasure,drawstraightlinesandperfect 90o angles Saw - atoughedbladewithatoothededge,andattachedtoahandle,itisusedtocut through wood, metal or stone. Chisel- has a shaped blade for a head, it is usedto carve wood, stone or ice. Blockplane-hasasharpbladeunderneathitsbody,itisusedtosmoothoutafinished wood project. Crow bar - a metal bar with a curved end resembling a jagged toothusedtoremove nails or open wood crates Cutting Tools S licing knife - a knife between 8 to12incheslong,usedtocutvegetables,fruitsand fish when producing organic concoctions and extracts. Trimming knife - a knife between 2 to 3 inches long, used to trim unwanted parts of produce. It can also be used for peeling and slicing small fruits and vegetables Picking knife - a smaller version of a bolo, itisusedtoharvestsmallercropswithout doing much damage to other plants nearby Bolo-along,heavy,single-edgedknifeofPhilippineoriginusedtoclearvegetationfor agriculture or trail blazing Scythe-designedwithalongcurvedbladeattachedtoalongpole,itisusedforreaping crops or weeds Sickle - designed with a curved blade attached to a short handle, it is used for harvesting grain crops or for cutting forage for feeding livestock Pruning shears - a scissor-type garden tool used for cutting or “pruning” dead or overgrown branches or stem Measuring Tools W eighingscales-usedtomeasureweightoffertilizer,cropsoranimals. E.g.,analog, digital scales Measuring cup - a set of cups that measures a specific amount as indicated on its handle Measuringtape-aflexiblerulerusedtomeasuresizeordistance,usedformeasuring plot layouts Meter stick - astraightedgeruler,onemeterinsize,usedtomeasuresizeordepthof plots Soil thermometer - also called earth thermometer, it is lowered into a steel tubedug into the desired depth of the soil in order to measure soil temperature pH meter- used to measure acidity or alkalinity ofsoil Portable soil analyzer kit - a test kit used to analyze soil for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,andpH. Itservesasaguideforcropproductionandmanagement. Eachkit ideally contains capsules, mixing chambers, dropper, color comparison chart and pH references for plants Calculator- device used for making mathematical calculations Hand Tools S yringe - a tube with a needle and pump used to extract and inject liquid. Itcanbe used to vaccinate animals when necessary. Funnel-atubeorpipe,wideatthetopandnarrowatthebottom. Itisusedforguiding liquid or powder into a small opening Wooden ladle- a long-handled spoon used in makingorganic concoctions and extracts Strainer- a kitchen tool used for separating solidsfrom liquid Sandsieve-commonlyfoundinbuildingconstructionsanddiggingsites,thistoolallows you to separate bigger particles from finer particles. It is used to separate non-decomposed materials from decomposed organic matter during fertilizer production Storage Tools Plastic drums- storage for feeds, molasses ail- a cylindrical container with an open top P Basin- used in mixing soil media, concoctions, etc. Plastic bottle- storage for finished concoctions Plastic containers- storage for concoctions and ingredientsduring production Crate- used to transport large, heavy items Topic 2: Farm Implements H arrow - used to break up and smooth out the surface of the soil during secondary tilling. Itisidealforlargerbedsofsoilbecauseitcoversmorerowsthanadiggingbar, spading fork or hoe. It can also be attached to draft animals or tractors. Commonly used types in the Philippines are:spike-tooth harrow, comb-tooth harrow Plow-morecommonlyknownasararo. Itissimilartoaharrowinmechanismbutitis different because it has different tillage. It is used in primary tilling. Harvester - an implement that can be hand-drawn or a tractor to harvest crops. A modernversionofthisimplementisthecombineharvesterwhichcombinesthestepsof harvesting, threshing and winnowing in one process. Seeder - drawn or pushed across the field, this implement sows seeds at the proper seeding rate and depth. Rice planter - drawn or attached to a motor, this implement transplants riceseedlings onto paddy rice Rotovator - another implement used for tillage, its design features smaller blades that can pulverize big clumps of soil. Topic 3: Farm Equipment T ractor - an engineering vehicle designed to haul trailers or machineries in the farm. The plow and harrow are attached to the tractor during tilling. Knapsack sprayer - a hand-operated sprayer carried on the back, it is attached to a hoseandnozzlethatcontrolstheamountanddirectionofspraying. Itisusedtowater crops or apply organic pesticides Compost tea brewer - equipment used to extract beneficial microorganisms from composts and converts it to liquid form for better absorption Agricultural shredder - operated by fuel or electricity, it cuts down the size of any material that goes through it Thresher- a harvesting equipment for grains, it separates the grain from the straw Chain saw - a portable, mechanical saw with rotating blades typically used to cut through thick pieces of wood Mower - a powered equipment with revolving blades that cuts grass into a uniform height by running over it Agriculturalmotors-amachinethatconvertsfuelorelectricityintomechanicalenergy, it is used to run other farm implements and equipment Waterpumps-apoweredequipmentthatmoveswaterfromthesourcetothefields. It is a useful component in irrigation systems. Generators - machines that produceelectricenergyintheformofvoltageandcurrent by converting mechanical energy Cart - a vehicle with either two or four wheels pulled by a draft animal. Itisusedfor carrying heavy farm objects such as tools, soil, compost, produce, sacks of feed Wheelbarrow - a hand-driven vehicle typically used to transport heavy objects (e.g., soil, compost, tools, feeds) in the farm Service vehicle - anyvehicleusedtogetfromonespotofthefarmtoanother. Itcan also be used to transport goods produced by the farm to trading posts. Topic 4: Maintenance and Storage of Farm Tools, Implements, and Equipment ools and equipment make work on the farm easier. Knowledge of proper handling and T maintenance before, during, and after every use will help them last longer. herearetwotypesofmaintenanceforfarmtools,implements,andequipment:preventiveand T corrective. reventive maintenance refers to the set of actions regularly taken to lessenthelikelihoodof P breakage or equipment failure. Examples: leaning c lubrication oil change inspection scheduled replacement of parts orrective maintenance refers to the set of actions takentoidentify,isolate,andrestorethe C optimum operational condition of a tool, implement, or equipment. Can be done to broken tools/implement/equipment or poorly-performing ones. Examples: E mergency Repair Performance Check Quality Restoration Preventive Maintenance for Tools, Implements, and Equipment Before il or grease the metal parts of tools and equipment. O Sharpen cutting tools to decrease the amount of effort needed to use them. Inspect handles, make sure they are firmly attached to the tool. If not, repair or replace. Inspect the engine compartment, radiator fans, and the areas under control centers. Check for worn parts, loose belts, and oil leaks. Read the manufacturer’s manual. During P icktherighttoolfortherightjob.Thiswillensuresafetyaswellasimproveefficiency. Using the wrong tool for the job will decrease durability. Follow the manufacturer’s prescribed procedures in operating the tool/implement/equipment. After ash and dry soiled tools after every use. W Do not store tools on the floor. You can use silica gels to keep tools and equipment dry in storage. Schedule regular clean-ups for bigger equipment during the off-season. Apply touch-up paint to scratched or corroded areas. Follow prescribed procedures in cleaning and stowing tools/implements/equipment. In the farm, you will use some tools and equipment more than theother,proceedtothenext page for some of the most used equipment and how to prepare, use, and maintain them.
