Family Studies PDF

FAMILY STUDIES  Advocates of the inheritance school such as Henry H. Goddard (1866-1957 ); Richard L Dugdale (1841-1883); and Arthur H. Estabrook traced several generations of crime prone families (referred to by pseudonyms such as these and the "Kallikaks"), finding evidence that criminal tendenc...

FAMILY STUDIES  Advocates of the inheritance school such as Henry H. Goddard (1866-1957 ); Richard L Dugdale (1841-1883); and Arthur H. Estabrook traced several generations of crime prone families (referred to by pseudonyms such as these and the "Kallikaks"), finding evidence that criminal tendencies were based on genetics. The conclusion traits deemed socially inferior could be passed down from generation to 1. Juke Family Tree - spearheaded by Richard L. Dugdale, a sociologist and a prison reformer. - Dugdale started his study on the five daughter of Max Juke, Ada, Bell, Clara, Delia, and Effie.  According to the story of Richard Louis Dugdale in his books, "The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity” and Further Studies of Criminals stated the origin of the stock of the Jukes, there was a hunter, a fisher, a hard drinker, and all man named Max who was a descendant of the Duchess the Two of Max's sons  The whereabouts of the sixth sister is nowhere to be found of the five that are now, three had illegitimate children before marriage. One is called "Ada Juke but publicly known as Margaret, the mother of criminals. - Ada Juke who is better known to the public as “Margaret, the mother of criminals” - after tracing the family had out 709 descendants, 181 were prostitutes, 142 paupers, and 106 illegitimate births.  Ada Juke had one bastard son, who is the progenitor of the distinctively criminal line, 52 or 40 percent or 34 the descendants of Ada are into harlotry prostitution). Dugdale as cited in Adler (2010) found out that among the thousands of the Jukes descendants, there were 280 paupers, 60 thieves, 7 murderers, 40 criminals, and the other With that, Dugdale 18411883 made some tentative inductions based on his study of the Jukes family line when it comes to committing crime: 1. The burden of crime is found in the illegitimate lines; 2. The legitimate lines marry into a crime; 3. The eldest child has a tendency to be the criminal of the family; 4 Child chiefly follows the male line and;  Arthur H. Estabrook working out of the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, New York gave a picture of the Jukes in 1915, almost forty years after Dugdale. Estabrook says that they have the same traits of feeblemindedness, indolence, dishonesty, and licentiousness. He says this is because wherever they go they tend to marry persons like themselves. When they marry into better families, they show stronger restraint (Foxe, 2. Kalikak Family Tree by Henry H. Goddard - Kalikak from the Greek word “kallos” which means beauty or good and “kakos” which means bad.  - Involved Martin Kalikak, a revolutionary war soldier. Martin had two separate relationships which in turned represents the “good offspring” and the “bad offspring”. These relationships  Quaker (member of a Christian group known as Society of Friends) - girl whom he married and bore seven children. Upon tracing, descendants considered to be Feeble-minded woman - resulted to an illegitimate son named Martin kalikak Junior who later rose into adulthood, married and fathered seven children. Goddard upon tracing the “bad side” of the family tree found out descendants who were prostitutes, thieves, brothel owners, alcoholics, and licentious individual.  A Study in the Heredity of Feeblemindedness, wherein they traced the family tree of revolutionary war soldier with the pseudonym Martin Kallikak, Sr. The former had an illegitimate son named as Martin Kallikak Jr. From Martin Kallikak, Jr. have come 480 descendants: 143 were or are feeble-minded, while only 46 have been found normal.  36 have been illegitimate. 33 sexually immoral persons, mostly prostitutes. 24 confirmed alcoholics, 3 epileptics, 82 died in infancy, 3 criminals, and 8 kept houses of ill fame.  These people have married into other families, generally of about the same type, so that we now have on record and charted eleven hundred and forty-six individuals. Of this large group. Goddard have discovered that 262 were feeble-minded, while 197 are considered normal, the remaining 581 being still undetermined (Goddard,  - Kallikak, Jr. is the great-great grandfather of Deborah, an 8-year- old girl who was interviewed by Goddard. Deborah gained admission at the Training School at Vineland because she did not do well at school and might possibly be feeble-minded.  END. THANK YOU!