Types of Speeches & Purposes: Freshers Eng1002 Ed Material PDF

Types of Speeches and its Purposes LECTURE 1 EG1002/1006 Speeches can be divided into three different categories Types of speeches according to the delivery style Types of speeches according to special occasion Types of speeches according to the purpose Types of speeches...

Types of Speeches and its Purposes LECTURE 1 EG1002/1006 Speeches can be divided into three different categories Types of speeches according to the delivery style Types of speeches according to special occasion Types of speeches according to the purpose Types of speeches according to the delivery Speeches can divide into four categories according to the method of delivery 1. Impromptu Speaking 2. Extemporaneous Speaking 3. Manuscript Speaking 4. Memorized Speaking Impromptu Speaking  Impromptu speaking is done when you have not planned or prepared to deliver a speech in advance.  It is the presentation of a short message without being prepared in advance.  An advantage of such speeches is that it's spontaneous and given in the animated group context.  A disadvantage is that you are given little or almost no time to contemplate the message.  Extemporaneous Speaking  The word extemporaneous means “without planning” and is considered a synonym for the word impromptu.  However, an extemporaneous speech is actually a well- prepared speech that relies on research, clear organization, and practised delivery.  It is neither read nor memorized, so it is never delivered exactly the same way. Most extemporaneous speakers rely on notes of some sort, using index cards or technology, such as PowerPoint. Because extemporaneous speeches are not read or memorized, the extemporaneous speaker needs to stay in the moment and be able to “think on their feet”, a process which can be stressful but can also allow for a high level of spontaneity, leading to a natural, conversational style.  Manuscript Speaking It is the word-for-word iteration of a written message. The speaker keeps his attention on the printed page while delivering a manuscript message. It works well where the exact repetition of original words is required, i.e. reading the organization’s mission statement. This is the easiest type of public speaking, but it is not as effective as others. The audience might lose their interest soon, as the speaker has not involved the audience and is just reading the manuscript. Memorized Speaking Memorized speaking is the rote recitation of the specific message that the speaker has committed to the memory. Effective speeches need to be memorized i.e. the actors speak from their memory whenever they perform, and that is why their acting comes naturally. It allows them to make eye contact with the audience members. If they are reading the script from the paper while performing, it won't have any effect. Types of speeches according to special occasion Introduction: The introduction speeches are given to introduce the speaker that is going to give a speech. It is given to inspire or persuade the audience to listen to that speaker. They are generally small and brief speeches. Presentation: These speeches are usually given at award ceremonies where an individual presents an award or prize to a person. The main purpose of the presentation speech is to provide recognition of the recipient’s accomplishments.  Types of speeches according to special occasion Toast: A toast is a brief tribute to a particular person or an event. The toasts are given on a special occasion to honor or acknowledge someone. It is given to express the best wishes to someone for the future Roast: A roast is a kind of toast where the speaker praises and humorously poke the person being honored. It might be given to a This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA- person who has achieved noteworthy success NC or moving away. It contains administration, appreciation, comedic insult, or tribute to someone.  Types of speeches according to special occasion Acceptance: These types of speeches are given by the person who has just received a prize or an award. Acceptance speech allows the recipient to show humility and grace for the award and say a few words of appreciation Commemorative Speech: These types of speeches are given at conventions, conferences, or graduation ceremonies. The This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND commemorative speech is the summary of the central message around which the whole meeting or conference revolves.  Types of speeches according to special occasion Farewell: Farewell speeches are like keynote addresses. These speeches are usually given at graduation ceremonies, or when someone leaves an organization, or at farewell parties. It is celebratory in nature and emphasizes looking ahead towards the future. Eulogy: Eulogies are given at funeral and memorial ceremonies to praise the person who has just died. The basic purpose is to reflect the audience’s emotions and offer condolences to the dead person’s relatives. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC  Types of Speeches According to the Purpose  Every speech has a specific purpose, i.e. some are delivered to entertain the audience, and others might be given to inform the audience. When a speaker delivers a speech, he has a clear purpose in his mind for why he wants to convey this message to the audience.  The purpose of delivering a speech falls into four basic categories: 1. Informative Speech 2. Persuasive Speech 3. Entertaining Speech 4. Demonstrative Speech  Informative Speech  Informative speeches are a type of speech in which the speaker tries to inform the audience about a particular subject. The speaker shares information on a specific place, person, issue, or occasion by describing, explaining, and defining.  It provides useful information and knowledge that makes the particular subject easy to understand for the audience. The three types of informative speeches include definition speech, explanatory speech, and descriptive speech. Persuasive Speech  In a persuasive speech, the speaker attempts to persuade the audience with his personal beliefs. The speaker tries to reinforce or change the audience’s perspective, beliefs, values, or feelings about a particular subject.  The persuasive speech revolves around three basic propositions that can be defended using data and reasoning. These 3 types of persuasive speech propositions are factual claims, value claims, and policy claims.  This genre of speech is the hardest because it is difficult to convince people of anything. And it becomes more difficult if you ask them to challenge their current belief and think out of that perspective. While this is the hardest type of speech, it is still the most influential one. Entertaining Speech Entertainment speeches are intended to entertain the audience. The basic purpose of such kinds of speeches is to provide pleasure and enjoyment that make the audience laugh. Although this speech is meant to make the audience laugh and enjoy the occasion, it should have a lighter moment as well. Demonstrative Speech A demonstrative speech describes how a specific action needs to be performed. It is a kind of step-by-step guide on how to do something. It is usually known as how-to speech. It uses visual examples that show the audience how to move forward through a step-by-step procedure. References:  https://edge.sagepub.com/sites /default/files/types_section_01_ module03.pdf  https://www.myperfectwords.co m/blog/speech-writing/types-of- speeches