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**Filtration Membrane** 1. What is the primary function of the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle? - A\) To produce red blood cells - B\) To prevent blood cells and proteins from entering the filtrate - C\) To absorb nutrients into the blood - D\) To lower b...

**Filtration Membrane** 1. What is the primary function of the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle? - A\) To produce red blood cells - B\) To prevent blood cells and proteins from entering the filtrate - C\) To absorb nutrients into the blood - D\) To lower blood pressure - E\) To increase urine concentration\ **Answer: B** 2. Which of the following is NOT a component of the filtration membrane? - A\) Fenestrated glomerular capillaries - B\) Basement membrane - C\) Bowman's capsule - D\) Podocytes - E\) Visceral layer of the glomerular capsule\ **Answer: C** 3. Which structure in the filtration membrane allows for high permeability to small molecules but prevents large proteins and blood cells from passing? - A\) Proximal convoluted tubule - B\) Fenestrated glomerular capillaries - C\) Distal convoluted tubule - D\) Efferent arteriole - E\) Bowman's capsule\ **Answer: B** 4. In the filtration process, small protein hormones and albumin that enter the filtrate are typically: - A\) Secreted directly into the urine - B\) Filtered out in the loop of Henle - C\) Reabsorbed and metabolized by cells in the proximal convoluted tubule - D\) Completely blocked by the filtration membrane - E\) Stored in the renal pelvis\ **Answer: C** **Characteristics of the Renal Corpuscle for Filtration** 5. The glomerular capillaries have high permeability due to: - A\) Fenestrated capillaries with small openings - B\) Continuous capillaries with thick walls - C\) Smooth muscle linings - D\) Specialized lymphatic vessels - E\) Cuboidal epithelial cells\ **Answer: A** 6. What characteristic of the glomerular capillaries allows them to maintain high pressure for filtration? - A\) Large diameter of the efferent arteriole - B\) Smaller diameter of the efferent arteriole compared to the afferent arteriole - C\) Absence of the filtration membrane - D\) Low blood flow to the kidneys - E\) Thick basement membrane\ **Answer: B** 7. Which structure is primarily responsible for creating filtration slits that allow easy movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule? - A\) Renal cortex - B\) Proximal convoluted tubule - C\) Visceral layer of the glomerular capsule with podocytes - D\) Loop of Henle - E\) Collecting duct\ **Answer: C** **Filtration Vocabulary** 8. What is the \"renal fraction\" in the context of kidney function? - A\) The fraction of blood volume filtered by the kidneys each day - B\) The portion of the total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys - C\) The amount of urine produced each day - D\) The percentage of solutes reabsorbed by the kidneys - E\) The ratio of blood flow to filtration rate\ **Answer: B** 9. On average, what percentage of plasma entering the kidneys is filtered into Bowman's capsule (filtration fraction)? - A\) 5% - B\) 12% - C\) 19% - D\) 25% - E\) 35%\ **Answer: C** 10. What does the term \"glomerular filtration rate (GFR)\" refer to? - A\) The total amount of urine excreted in a day - B\) The volume of blood passing through the kidneys each minute - C\) The rate at which plasma is filtered into the nephron per minute - D\) The percentage of waste reabsorbed by the kidneys - E\) The blood pressure within the glomerular capillaries\ **Answer: C** 11. How much filtrate is produced by the kidneys each day on average? - A\) 10 L - B\) 50 L - C\) 100 L - D\) 180 L - E\) 250 L\ **Answer: D** 12. Of the filtrate produced each day, how much is typically excreted as urine? - A\) 0.5-1 L - B\) 1-2 L - C\) 2-4 L - D\) 5-6 L - E\) 10 L\ **Answer: B** **Factors that Can Change Filtration Function** 13. Which of the following factors represents the overall pressure driving filtration across the glomerular membrane? - A\) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - B\) Net filtration rate (NFT) - C\) Blood colloid osmotic pressure - D\) Filtration fraction - E\) Renal fraction\ **Answer: B** 14. The rate at which kidneys filter blood, directly impacting waste removal and fluid balance, is called: - A\) Filtration fraction - B\) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - C\) Net filtration rate (NFT) - D\) Renal output - E\) Volume filtering\ **Answer: B** 15. What effect does the tone of arterioles have on glomerular filtration? - A\) It adjusts the amount of fluid filtered by changing blood flow and pressure - B\) It decreases the concentration of solutes in the filtrate - C\) It increases urine output by inhibiting reabsorption - D\) It regulates electrolyte balance - E\) It produces hormones that alter filtration\ **Answer: A**