Exercise Physiology Midterm PDF
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This document contains 40 multiple-choice questions on exercise physiology, focusing on the endocrine system, hormones, and related topics. The questions cover concepts such as the functions of different hormones, their effects on the body, and related physiological processes.
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Here are 40 multiple-choice questions based on the physiology information provided in the sources: Endocrine System 1. Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ? ○ A. Pituitary ○ B. Thyroid ○ C. Liver ○ D. Adrenal 2. What is the term for the time required to reduce a hormone's blood conc...
Here are 40 multiple-choice questions based on the physiology information provided in the sources: Endocrine System 1. Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ? ○ A. Pituitary ○ B. Thyroid ○ C. Liver ○ D. Adrenal 2. What is the term for the time required to reduce a hormone's blood concentration by one half? ○ A. Half-life ○ B. Lifespan ○ C. Reduction Rate ○ D. Clearance Time 3. Which type of hormone is synthesized on demand from precursors? ○ A. Amine Hormones ○ B. Peptide Hormones ○ C. Steroid Hormones ○ D. Catecholamines 4. Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located? ○ A. On the cell membrane ○ B. Cytoplasm or nucleus ○ C. Extracellular space ○ D. Within the Golgi apparatus 5. What is the function of cyclic AMP in hormone action? ○ A. It acts as a hormone receptor. ○ B. It transports hormones through the blood. ○ C. It acts as a second messenger to activate protein kinase. ○ D. It inhibits hormone breakdown. 6. Which of the following is NOT a way hormones alter cellular reactions? ○ A. Modifying the rate of intracellular protein synthesis. ○ B. Changing the rate of enzyme activity. ○ C. Altering plasma membrane transport via a second-messenger system. ○ D. Directly altering DNA sequence. 7. The extent of target cell activation by a hormone depends on all of the following EXCEPT: ○ A. Hormone concentration in the blood. ○ B. Number of target cell receptors for the hormone. ○ C. Sensitivity of the union between the hormone and its receptor. ○ D. The size of the target cell. 8. Hormonal stimulation of endocrine glands refers to: ○ A. Hormones influencing the secretion of other hormones. ○ B. Changes in levels of ions and nutrients in body fluids stimulating hormone release. ○ C. Neural activity impacting hormone release. ○ D. Environmental factors like temperature influencing hormone release. 9. What is the primary function of growth hormone (GH)? ○ A. Promote cell division and proliferation. ○ B. Regulate blood sugar levels. ○ C. Stimulate the immune system. ○ D. Control calcium balance. 10. How does physical activity affect GH's action on target tissues? ○ A. It inhibits GH release. ○ B. It has no effect on GH action. ○ C. It augments GH's action. ○ D. It redirects GH to different target tissues. 11. What are the main functions of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)? ○ A. Stimulate the production of red blood cells. ○ B. Mediate many of GH’s effects. ○ C. Regulate the sleep-wake cycle. ○ D. Control appetite and satiety. 12. What is the primary function of thyrotropin (TSH)? ○ A. Regulate calcium levels. ○ B. Control thyroid gland secretion. ○ C. Stimulate milk production. ○ D. Promote red blood cell production. 13. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) plays a key role in: ○ A. Regulating sleep patterns. ○ B. Regulating adrenal cortex output. ○ C. Controlling blood pressure. ○ D. Stimulating growth and development. 14. Which hormone initiates and supports milk secretion from mammary glands? ○ A. Oxytocin ○ B. Growth Hormone ○ C. Prolactin ○ D. Insulin 15. What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? ○ A. Stimulate uterine contractions. ○ B. Inhibit water excretion by the kidneys. ○ C. Increase blood sugar levels. ○ D. Regulate thyroid hormone production. 16. What are the two main thyroid hormones? ○ A. TSH and TRH ○ B. T4 and T3 ○ C. Calcitonin and PTH ○ D. GH and IGF-1 17. What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? ○ A. Control blood calcium balance. ○ B. Regulate blood sugar levels. ○ C. Stimulate the production of red blood cells. ○ D. Promote protein synthesis. 18. What are the two main structures of the adrenal glands? ○ A. Cortex and Islets of Langerhans ○ B. Medulla and Cortex ○ C. Anterior and Posterior Pituitary ○ D. Thyroid and Parathyroid 19. What is the main function of aldosterone? ○ A. Control blood sugar levels. ○ B. Regulate mineral balance in extracellular fluids. ○ C. Stimulate protein synthesis. ○ D. Promote red blood cell production. 20. Which of the following is NOT an effect of cortisol? ○ A. Promotes breakdown of protein to amino acids. ○ B. Promotes triacylglycerol breakdown to glycerol and fatty acids. ○ C. Suppresses immune system function. ○ D. Stimulates calcium uptake by bones. 21. What are the two types of cells found in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas? * A. Alpha and Beta Cells * B. Delta and Gamma Cells * C. Acinar and Ductal Cells * D. Chief and Oxyphil Cells 22. What is the primary function of insulin? * A. Increase blood sugar levels. * B. Regulate glucose entry into tissues. * C. Stimulate protein breakdown. * D. Promote fat storage. 23. Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes? * A. Low blood pressure * B. High HDL cholesterol * C. Body mass exceeding 20% of ideal * D. Low triglyceride levels 24. What is glycosuria? * A. Excessive thirst * B. Frequent urination * C. Glucose in the urine * D. Extreme hunger 25. Which test for diabetes measures blood sugar levels 2 hours after drinking 75g of glucose? * A. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test * B. Hemoglobin A1c test * C. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) * D. Random plasma glucose test 26. What is the Hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c) used to measure? * A. Average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. * B. Insulin levels in the blood. * C. C-peptide levels, a marker of insulin production. * D. Ketone levels in the urine. 27. How does regular physical activity affect the risk of developing type 2 diabetes? * A. Reduces the risk * B. Increases the risk * C. Has no effect * D. The relationship is unclear 28. What is the primary function of glucagon? * A. Increase blood sugar levels. * B. Lower blood sugar levels. * C. Promote protein synthesis. * D. Stimulate fat storage. 29. How does endurance training affect the hormonal response to exercise? * A. Increases the magnitude of the response. * B. Produces a decline in the magnitude of the response. * C. Has no effect on the response.* D. Causes an unpredictable response. 30. Which two hormones are primarily responsible for adaptations to resistance training? * A. Insulin and Glucagon * B. Cortisol and Aldosterone * C. Testosterone and GH * D. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Altitude, Thermoregulation, and Exercise Physiology 31. What percentage of oxygen is present in the air at the top of Mount Everest? ○A. 10%○B. 15%○C. 21%○D. 25% 32. Why does the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) decrease at higher altitudes? ○A. The percentage of oxygen in the air decreases.○B. The atmospheric pressure decreases.○C. The temperature decreases.○D. The humidity increases. 33. What is the primary physiological response to altitude exposure? ○A. Decreased heart rate.○B. Increased respiratory drive leading to hyperventilation.○C. Decreased blood flow to the extremities.○D. Increased appetite. 34. What happens to resting blood pressure in the early stages of altitude adaptation? ○A. It decreases.○B. It stays the same.○C. It increases.○D. It fluctuates unpredictably. 35. How does prolonged cold stress affect hormonal output? ○A. It decreases epinephrine and norepinephrine release.○B. It stimulates the release of thyroxine.○C. It inhibits the release of cortisol.○D. It suppresses the production of growth hormone. 36. What is the most important factor determining the effectiveness of evaporative heat loss? ○A. Air temperature ○B. Wind speed ○C. Relative humidity ○D. Altitude 37. What is the primary mechanism for heat dissipation during exercise? ○A. Radiation ○B. Conduction ○C. Convection ○D. Evaporation 38.During exercise in the heat, what cardiovascular demands compete for blood flow? ○A. Muscles requiring oxygen and the periphery for cooling ○B. The brain and the digestive system ○C. The lungs and the kidneys ○D. Bone marrow and the spleen 39. What is the ideal condition for fluid replacement during exercise? ○A. Drink only when thirsty. ○B. Overhydrate before exercise. ○C. Replace water loss at a rate close to or equal to sweating rate. ○D. Avoid fluids altogether to prevent stomach discomfort. 40. Which electrolyte is particularly important to include in rehydration drinks? ○A. Calcium ○B. Magnesium ○C. Potassium ○D. Sodium